...right to buy, sell, and own property; the right to sue and to give evidence in court; and the right to "full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and estate." Id. at 178. In anticipation of the emancipation of millions of slaves, the preceding Congress...

...and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, declares that they shall be subject "to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions...

...citizens of the United States and granting them federal rights to the "full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens." 18 If the President accepted these limited, but fundamental, statutory efforts to redeem the promise...

...sue. be parties. and give evidence. to inherit. purchase. lease. selL hold. and equal benefi t of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property. as is enjoyed by white citizens.636 The civil rights listed in the first section of the bill could be divided into two classes....

...be subject "to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and none other, any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom to the contrary notwithstanding." 16 St., c. 114, § 16. The defect in the argument of counsel consists in his assumption that any discrimination...

...make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property, and to...regulation or custom, to the contrary notwithstanding. Section 2 of the act provided "[t]hat any person who under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation,...

...veto of President Andrew Johnson, the act declared that all citizens "shall have the same right ... to full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings...person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens." The act made it a federal crime to interfere, "under color of any law," with anyone's exercise of civil...

...servitude." It also provided them with all rights of citizenship, including "full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens." Having no confidence in the willingness of state and local authorities to abide by the law, Congress...

...citizens. As such, these citizens "of every race and color" could enjoy the "full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens." The federal government had recognized that, in terms of black Americans, such rights — including...

...evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and no other." 16. Christopher L. Eisgruber,...