...minority of the whole, who are united and activated by some common impulse or passion, or of interests, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community" (Rakove, 1999: 161). It was generally regarded that democracies would subject to such chaos....

...Federalist No. 10, Madison defines faction as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, adverse to the rights of others, or the permanent and aggregate interest of the whole."23 Similarly,...

...supposed that the republic would be able to get by without developing groups and ultimately parties "who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest," even though these parties would all insist that these are not "adverse to the rights of other citizens,...

...representative form of 11 Following Madison, we may say that a faction is a group of people united by "some common impulse of passion, or of interest adverse" to the rights of the citizenry and the permanent interests of the community (Madison 1987, no. 10). government — would...

...unsteadiness and injustice with which a factious spirit has tainted our public administrations. By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest,...

...of classical republicanism is not an attainable ideal for human beings. "By a faction," he writes, "I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting...or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." Unfortunately, the causes of faction are "sown in the nature of man" — we are all fallible...

...James Madison, writing as Publius, in The Federalist, No. 10, made his concern clear: "By a faction I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting...or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." He saw the main cause of faction as the unequal distribution of property, and the solution...

...engaged in perpetual battle to redistribute the spoils of government. "By a faction," Madison explained, "I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting...or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." 6 Madison understood that the "latent causes of faction are . . . sown in the nature of...

...the liberal democratic state. Madison warned that a voluntary association or "faction" consists of "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority...or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community."73 Thus he revealed the inexorable presence of a factional imperative intrinsic to civil...

...the Federal Constitution (New York, 1987 [1888]), Vol. 2, 424, 425. 6. Madison defined a "faction" as "a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority...or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, The Federalist, ed. Edward Mead Earle...