...Hart Benton Thirty Years' View (1856) vol. I 14 Each public officer who takes an oath to .-.upport the constitution swears that he will support it as...understands it, and not as it is understood by others. vetoing the hill to re-charter the Bank of the United States Presidential message, 10 July 18 32, in...

...the Bank's constitutionality): "The Congress, the Executive, and the Court must each for itself be guided by its own opinion of the Constitution. Each...he understands it, and not as it is understood by others."168 The apparent claim of Jefferson and Jackson was that chief executives (at least)169 should...

...has over the judges, and on that point the President is independent of both." "Each public official who takes an oath to support the Constitution swears...understands it, and not as it is understood by others." 19 For this reason, Jackson— albeit in another context—is reputed to have said, "John Marshall...

...reconsider) constitutional issues raised by measures properly before them. According to Iackson, "It is as much the duty of the House of Representatives,...the Senate, and of the President to decide upon the consitutionality of any bill or resolution which may be presented to them for passage or approval as...

...over this question arose partly from the opening words of the passage cited ahove — "Each puhlic officer who takes an oath to support the Constitution...swears that he will support it as he understands it". The President's opponents M Richardson, II, 581. » Ihid., p. 582. seized on this as a flagrant extension...

...authorities of this government. The Congress, the Executive, and the Court must each for itself be guided by its own opinion of the Constitution. Each...who takes an oath to support the Constitution swears he will support it as he understands it, and not as it is understood by others . . . The opinion of...

...powers conferred upon its agent not only unnecessary, but dangerous to the Government and country. "It is as much the duty of the House of Representatives,...upon the constitutionality of any bill or resolution as it is of the supreme judges." It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the...

...of the judiciary, which they may twist and shape into any form they please." Andrew Jackson, 1832: "Each public officer who takes an oath to support...understands it, and not as it is understood by others... The opinion of judges has no more authority over Congress than the opinion of Congress had over the...

...not decide questions of this class. The Congress, the Executive and the Court must each for itself be guided by its own opinion of the Constitution. Each...oath to support the Constitution swears that he will sup142 THE EXECUTIVE POWER Such is the question in all its breadth. If Marshall did not present it...

...independent of both." Each public official, he said, takes an oath to support the Constitution and "swears that he will support it as he understands it, and not as it is understood by others."45 Throughout this period, the Court played a supportive role to constitutional judgments by...