CHURCH HISTORY. FOURTH PERIOD. FIRST DIVISION. FROM THE REFORMATION TO THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA, 1517–1648. FIRST CHAPTER. HISTORY OF THE GERMAN AND SWISS REFORMATION. 1. Sources for the History of both Countries: Jo. Sleidani (his family name was Phillippson of Sleida in the county of Manderscheid, Professor of Law at Strasburg, † 1556) De Statu Religionis et Reipublicae, Carolo V. Caesare, Commentarii. Libb. xxvi. Argentor. 1555. fol.'; best edition, multis annotationibus illustrata a Chr. Car. AmEnde. Francof. ad M. 1785, P. iii. 8; in French, with notes by P. F. le Courayer, à la Haye. 1767. 3 voll. 4; in German with the notes of Courayer and others, original documents and a preface by J. S. Semler (by F. A. Stroth). Halle, 1771. 4 Bde. 8. [An English translation of this work, by Bohnn, was published at London, 1689.] Supplementary Works: Abr. Sculteti (Professor at Heidelberg, afterward preacher at Emden, † 1625) Annalium Evangelii, passim per Europam decimo sexto Salutis partae Seculo renovati, Decas I. et II. (from 1516 to 1536, the other decades were destroyed at the conquest of Prague). Heidelb. 1618. 8, reprinted in V. d. Hardt, Hist. liter. Reformationis. P. V. Dan. Gerdes (Professor at Gröningen, † 1765) Introductio in Hist. Evangelii saec. xvi. passim per Europam renovati. Groning. 1744-52. Tomi iv. 4. To this is to be added his collection of tracts and original documents: Scrinium Antiquarium, s. Miscellanea Groningana nova ad Hist. Reformationis ecclesiasticam praecipue spectantia, ib. 1748–63. Tomi viii. 4. K. R. Hagenbach Vorlesungen über Wesen u. Gesch. d. Reform. in Deutschland u. d. Schweiz. 4 Th. Leipz. 1834-39. 8; new edition, 1852 sq. H. N. Clausen populäre Vorträge über die Reformation. Leipzig. 1837.8. [J. H. Merle D'Aubigné, History of the Great Reformation in Germany, Switzerland, etc.; 5. 8. New York, 1843 sq.] As to the first two editions see AmEnde, in Schelhorn's Ergötzlichkeiten aus der Kirchenhist. u. Literatur. Bd. 2. s. 414, 653. Against Sleidan; Siméon Fontaine, Histoire Catholique de nostre Tems touchant l'état de la Religion Chretienne, contre l'Hist. de J. Sleidan. Antverp. 1558. 8: Roveri Pontani (Carmelite at Brussels) Vera Narratio Rerum, ab anno 1500 usque ad annum 1559, in Republ. Christiana memorabilium. Colon. 1559. fol.: Laur. Surii (Carthusian at Cologne, † 1578) Commentarius Brevis Rerum in Orbe Gestarum, ab ann. 1500 usque 1566. Colon. 1567. 8. VOL. IV.-1 Reformations-Almanach herausgeg. v. Friedr. Keyser. 3. Jahrgg. Erfurt, 1817. 19. 21. in 12. II. Upon the History of the German Reformation. Sources: Ge. Spalatini (properly Burckart, of Spelt, in the bishopric of Eichstädt, court preacher of Saxony, afterward Superintendent at Altenburg, and historiographer of Saxony, † 15452) Annales Reformationis or Yearbooks of the Reformation of Luther, published from his Autograph by E. S. Cyprian. Leipsick, 1718. 8. (cf. Spalatini Annales a mense Aug. 1513 usque ad finem fere 1526, in Menckenii Scriptt. Rerum Germ. t. ii. p. 589 ss., but not printed accurately, nor complete; see Veesenmeyer in Vater's Archiv, 1825, s. 73; also, Spalatini Vitae aliquot Electorum et Ducum Saxoniae, in Menckenii Scriptt. Rerum Germanic. t. ii. p. 1067, ss.).-Frid. Myconii (or Mekum, Superintendent at Gotha, † 15463) Hist. Reformationis A.D. 1518-1542, from the author's autograph, and illustrated with a preface by E. S. Cyprian; a second impression, Leipsick, 1718. 8.-Phil. Melanchthonis Hist. Vitae Mart. Lutheri, preface to Lutheri Opp. Lat. Vitemberg, t. ii. 1546, often issued separately, e. g. by Chr. A. Heumann, Gottingae, 1741. 4. by J. Chr. G. Augusti, translated by F. Th. Zimmerman, with notes by Villers, and a preface by Planck, second ed. Göttingen, 1816. 8.-Jo. Mathesii (pastor in Joachimsthal, † 1568) -Historien von D. Martin Luther's Anfang, Lehren, Leben, standhaft Bekäntniss seines Glaubens und Sterben (in twenty-seven sermons), 1565. 4, often published e. g. Frankfort and Leipsick, 1724. 8., in extracts by L. A. v. Arnim. Berlin, 1817. 8.-Joach. Camerarii (Prof. in Leipsick, † 1574) De Phil. Melanchthonis Ortu, totius vitae curriculo et morte, implicata rerum memorabilium temporis illius hominumque mentione atque indicio, cum expositionis serie cohaerentium narratio diligens et accurata. Lips. 1566. 8; published several times; recensuit, notas, documenta, bibliothecam librorum Melanchth, aliaque addidit G. Th. Strobel. Halae, 1777. 8. On the edition by Augusti, see note 4. Hostile to the Reformation: Jo. Cochlaei (Canon successively at Frankfort, Mayence, Vienna, Breslau, † 1552) Commentaria de Actis et Scriptis Mart. Lutheri, chronographice ex ordine ab anno Dom. 1517 usque ad annum 1547 inclusive fideliter conscripta. Mogunt. 1549. fol., also Paris, 1565, Colon. 1568. 8. Original Documents: Val. E. Löscher vollständige Reformations-Acta und Documenta. 3 tomi (for the years 1517-1519). Leipz. 1720-29. 4.-Documente zur Reformationshistorie, in German, in Walch's edition of Luther's Works, Th. 15-17. The Works of the Reformers: Luther's works: the Wittenberg edition consists of 12 volumes in German (1539-59) and 7 in Latin (1545-58). The Jena edition is printed accurately after the autographs, with the exception of the first part of the German works, 8 volumes in German (1555-58) and 4 in Latin (1556-58), and two supplementary volumes by Aurifaber, Eisleben, 1564-65. The Altenburg edition contains only the German works, by John Christfried Saggitarius, 10 vols. 1661-64. A supplementary volume to all earlier editions, by J. G. Zeidler, Halle, 1702. The Leipsick edition, 22 voll. 1729-40. fol. The most complete edition is that of Halle, by J. G. Walch, 24 Thle. 1740-50. 4. In the last two editions the Latin works are found only in a German translation." [A new edition by Plochman v. Irmischer, 65 vols. 8. Erlangen, 1826-55.] Of special value is Dr. M. Luther's Briefe, Sendschreiben u. Bedenken, herausgeg. von Dr. W. M. L. de Wette. Berlin, 1825-56. 6 Th. 8. Phil. Melanchthonis Opera (theol. ed. Casp. Peucer) Witteb. 4 Partes, 1562-64. Consilia theologica ed. Christ. Pezelius. Neustadii, 1600. 8. Christliche Berathschlagungen und Bedenken-in teutscher Sprach gestellet, zusammengebracht durch Christ. 2 Historia Vitae Ge. Spalatini exposita ab Chr. Schlegelio. Jenae, 1698. 4. 3 Narratio de Frid. Myconio primo dioeceseos Gothanae Superintendente, scrips. C. H. G. Lommatzsch. Annaebergae, 1825. 8. Phil. Mel, de Vita Mart. Luth. Narratio, et Vita Phil. Mel. ab Joach. Camerario conscripta, ed. D. J. Chr. Gu. Augusti, Vratisl. 1819. 8. * Upon the editions of Luther's works, see Walch in the Halle edition. Th. 24. s. 582 ff. Pezelium, Reustadt a. d. Hardt, 1600. 8. The best edition is Ph. Mel. Epistolae, Praefationes, Consilia, Judicia, Schedae Academicae. voll. xxv. (1514-57), or, Corpus Reformatorum ed. C. G. Bretschneider, post Bretschneiderum ed. H. E. Bindseil, vol. i.-XXV. Halis, 1834-57. 4. There are useful documents in illustration of the earlier history of the Reformation, contributed from the originals by E. S. Cyprian, at the end of W. E. Tentzel's Histor. Bericht vom Anfang und ersten Fortgang der Reform. Lutheri. Leipzig, 1718. 2 Th. 8. -J. E. Kapp kleine Nachlese einiger zur Erläuterung der Reformationsgeschichte nützlicher Urkunden. Leipz., 1727 ff. 4 Th. 8.-Dr. Th. G. Neudecker's Urkunden aus der Reformationszeit. Cassel, 1836. 8. Also his merkw. Aktenstücke aus dem Zeitalter der Reformation. 2 Abtheil. Nürnberg, 1838. 8. Historical Works: Vit. Lud. a Seckendorf (privy councilor in Saxony, afterward in Brandenburg, † at Halle, 1692) Commentarius Historicus et Apologeticus de Lutheranismo. libb. iii. ed. 2. Lips., 1694. fol. (written against the Histoire de Lutheranisme of L. Maimbourg, the Jesuit, Paris, 1680. 4).—Christ. Aug. Salig (Co-rector in Wolfenbüttel) Vollständige Historie der Augsb. Confession u. derselben Apologie (15171562). Halle, 1730-35. 3 Th. 4.-G. J. Planck Gesch. der Entstehung, der Veränderungen u. der Bildung unsers protest. Lehrbegriffs bis zur Einführung der Concordienformel. Leipzig, 1781–1800. 6 Bde. 8 (a second edition of volumes 1-3. 1791-98).— C. L. Woltmann sets out from a political point of view in his Gesch. der Reform. in Deutschland. 3 Th. Altona, 1800-05. small 8.—Ch. W. Spieker Gesch. Dr. Mart. Luther's u. der durch ihn bewirkten Kirchenverbesserung in Deutschland. Bd. 1 (to 1521). Berlin, 1818. 8.-K. A. Menzel Neuere Gesch. d. Deutschen v. d. Reformation bis zur Bundesacte. Bd. 1-8. Breslau, 1826-39. 8.-Ph. Marheineke Gesch. der teutschen Reformation, 4 Th. Berlin, 1816-34. 8 (a second edition of Parts 1 and 2, 1831).-L. Ranke deutsche Geschichte im Zeitalter der Reformation, 5 Bde. Berlin, 1839-43. [Translated by Sarah Austin. Lond. 1844. Phil. 1844.] Essai sur l'esprit et l'influence de la Reformation de Luther par Ch. Villers. Paris, 1804; translated into German by K. F. Kramer, with a Preface and several Treatises by Henke, 2 Abtheil (2te Aufl. Hamburg, 1828. 8). [Translated into English by S. Miller, 12. Phil. 1833.] III. Upon the History of the Reformation in Switzerland. Accounts by contemporary writers: (1.) By Reformers: Bernh, Weiss (burgher of Zurich, perished at Cappel, 1531) Kurze Beschreibung der Glaubensänderung im Schweizerlande (in Füssli's Beyträge iv. 32). Valerius Anshelm (physician and historian of Bern) Berner Chronik bis 1526 (published by Stierlin and Wyss.. Bern, 1825-33. 8. 6 Bde.) from volume 5, s. 368 on. Henry Bullinger (Antistes of the Church of Zurich, † 1575) Reformationsgeschichte (to 1532), published by J. J. Hottinger and H. H. Vögeli. 3 Bde. Frauenfeld, 1888-40. large 8. (2.) By Catholics: Joh. Salat (clerk of the court at Lucerne) Beschreibung von Anfang u. Ursprung Luther. u. Zwinglischer Secten v. 1516–1535 (extant in manuscript, partisan throughout, and full of calumnies; see Füssli's Beyträge, ii. 81. Schuler's Huldreich Zwingli, Einleit. s. xix.). Valentin Tschudi (Pastor in Glarus, † 1555) Kurze Histor. Beschreibung der in Kriegs- u. Friedenszeiten verloffenen Sachen u. Händeln zu Glarus u. in einer Eidgenossenschaft, down to 1523, very impartial (in manuscript; see Egedius Tschudi's Leben u. Schriften von Ild. Fuchs. St. Gallen, 1805. Th. 2. s. 33; Schuler as above, s. xxiv. 46). Egidius Tschudi (magistrate at Glarus, † 1572) Chronik. The part which relates to this period, extant only in manuscript, is a rich collection of original documents (see Ild. Fuchs. u. s. Th. 2. s. 89). J. Oecolampadii et H. Zwinglii Epistolarum libb. iv. cum praef. Theod. Bibliandri et utriusque vita et obitu, S. Grynaeo, W. Capitone et Osw. Myconio auctoribus. Basil, 1536. fol. The Vita Zwinglii by Oswald Myconius (schoolmaster at Lucerne and Zurich, from 1531 preacher at Basle, † 1552), is printed separately in Stäudlins u. Tzschirner's Archiv. für Kirchengesch. Bd. 1. St. 2. s. 1. Important supplementary facts are contained in that part of the Narratio verissima civilis Helvetiorum belli (Capellani) per modum dialogi, ab Osvaldo Myconio congesta, which is printed in the above work, Original Documents: the works of the Reformers, Ulr. Zwinglii Opera. Turici, 1544. 4 Lebensbeschreibung M. Ulrich Zwingli's von J. C. Hess, from the French, with a literary and historical Appendix, by Leonh. Usteri, Professor at Zürich, 1811. 8 (Nachträge by Usteri in Stäudlin's u. Tzschirner's Archiv. für Kirchengesch. Bd. 1. St. 2. u. Bd. 2. St. 3). Huldreich Zwingli, Geschichte seiner Bildung zum Reformator des Vaterlandes, von J. M. Schuler, Pfarrer zu Bözberg im Canton Aargau. 2te Ausg. Zūrich u. Leipzig, 1819. 8.-Jac. Tichler Diss. de Indole Sacrorum Emendationis a Zwinglio institutae rite dijudicanda. Traj. ad Rhenum, 1827. 8.-Biographien berühmter schweizer. Reformatoren. Bd. 1. Lebensgesch. D. Joh. Oekolampads (by Sal. Hess). Zürich, 1793. 8.-Lebensgeschichte M. Heinr. Bullingers, Antistes der Kirche Zürich, von Sal. Hess. Zürich. 1828, two volumes published, 8.-Bertold Haller, oder die Reformation von Bern, von M. Kirchhofer. Zürich, 1828. 8.-Das Leben Wilh. Farel's aus den Quellen bearbeitet. v. M. Kirchhofer. 2 Bde. Zürich, 1831. 33. 8.-Das Leben Joh. Calvin's des grossen Reformators, mit Benutzung der handschriftl. Urkunden, vornehmlich der Genfer und Züricher Bibliothek, entworfen, nebst einem Anhang bisher ungedruckter Briefe u. anderer Belege von Paul Henry, Pred. zu Berlin, 3 Bde. Hamburg, 1835-44. 8. [Translated by H. Stebbing, excepting the Appendix, 2. 8. Lond. 1844.] [Biographies of the Reformers. Vitae quatuor Reformatorum; Lutheri a Melanchthone, Melanchthonis a Camerario, Zwinglii a Myconio, Calvini a Theodoro Beza conscriptae, junctim editae. Berol. 1841.--D. Schenkel, Die Reformatoren und die Reformation, 8. 1856. Luther. See below. Melanchthon. Als Praeceptor Germaniae, A. H. Niemeyer, Hal. 1817; Facius, 1832; Galle, Charakteristik Melanchthons, Halle, 2te Aufl. 1845; Matthes, Altenb. 1841; Melanchthon's Leben und Wirken, Altenb. 1841; C. F. Ledderhose, Life of Mel. from German, by G. F. Krotel, New York, 1854; Life by Dr. Cox, Lond. 1815, Bost. 1835. Calvin. Beza's Life of C., translated by Gibson, Phil. 1836; Life by Waterman, 1 |
