Apportionment

of representatives

and been seven years a citizen of the United
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an in-
habitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apand direct taxes. portioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, threefifths of all other persons. The actual enumer ation shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United

Census every ten States, and within every subsequent term of ten

years, in such manner as they shall by law di-
rect. The number of Representatives shall not
exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each
State shall have at least one Representative;
and until such enumeration shall be made, the
State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to
choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island
and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five,
New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania
eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia
ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five,
and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the representation
from any State, the executive authority thereof
shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall choose
their Speaker and other officers; and shall have
the sole power of impeachment.

SECTION III.

The Senate of the United States shall be com.

posed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Senators classed consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies Vacancies, how happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.

filled.

Senators.

No person shall be a Senator, who shall not Qualification of have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

preside.

The Vice President of the United States shall Vice President to be President of the Senate, but shall have no

vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall choose their other officers, Officers of Senate. and also a President pro tempore in the absence

of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise

the office of President of the United States.

ments.

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all Trial of impeachimpeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: and no person shall

Elections, how judged.

Quorum,

be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present.

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law.

SECTION IV.

The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

SECTION V.

Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized Absent members. to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each house may provide.

Rules.

Expulsion.

Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of twothirds, expel a member.

to

be

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- Journals kept and publish. ings, and from time to time publish the same,

' excepting such parts as may in their judgment

ed.

require secrecy, and the yeas and nays of the Yeas and nays. members of either house on any question shall,

at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

Neither house, during the session of Congress, Adjournments. shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn

for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.

SECTION VI.

The Senators and Representatives shall re- Compensation. ceive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases except treason, felony and breach of the peace, Privileges. be privileged from arrest during their attendance. at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.

pointed to office.

No Senator or Representative shall, during Members not ap the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a Officers of governmember of either house during his continuance members. in office.

ment cannot be

Revenue bills.

the

Bills to be presented to President.

SECTION VII.

All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President His powers over of the United States; if he approve he shall

them.

Proceedings his veto.

on

sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If Bills to be laws if any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.

not

returned in ten days.

Joint orders

or

resolutions to be

President.

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the approved by the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the