mission, if tendered, and to serve, subject to order of the Secretary of the military department having jurisdiction over him (or the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to the United States Coast Guard), not less than two years on active duty after receipt of a commission: and (C) agrees to remain a member of a Regular or Reserve component until the eighth anniversary of the receipt of a commission in accordance with his obligation under subsection (d) of section 4 of this title, shall be deferred from induction for training and service under this title until after completion or termination of the course of instruction and so long as he continues in a Regular or Reserve status upon being commissioned, but shall not be exempt from registration. Such persons except those persons who have previously completed an initial period of basic training or an equivalent period of active military training and service shall be required while enrolled in such programs to complete a period of training equal (as determined under regulations approved by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to the United States Coast Guard) in duration and type of training to an initial period of basic training. There shall be added to the obligated active commissioned service of any person who has agreed to perform such obligatory service in return for financial assistance while attending a civilian college under any such training program a period of not to exceed one year.

“(3) In addition to the training programs enumerated in paragraph (2) of this subsection, and under such regulations as the Secretary of Defense (or the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to the United States Coast Guard) may approve, the Secretaries of the military departments and the Secretary of the Treasury are authorized to establish officer candidate programs leading to the commissioning of persons on active duty.

"(4) Nothing in this subsection shall be deemed to preclude the President from providing, by regulations prescribed under subsection (h) of this section, for the deferment from training and service of any category or categories of students for such periods of time as he may deem appropriate."

(s) Subsection (i) of section 6 of said Act is amended to read as follows: “(i) (1) Any person who, while satisfactorily pursuing a full-time course of instruction at a high school or similar institution of learning, shall, upon the facts being presented to the local board, be deferred (A) until the time of his graduation therefrom, or (B) until he attains the nineteenth anniversary of his birth, or (C) until he ceases satisfactorily to pursue such course of instruction, whichever is the earliest.

"(2) Any person who upon attaining the eighteenth anniversary of his birth is satisfactorily pursuing a full-time course of instruction at a college, university, or similar institution shall, if he has not completed the academic year during which he attained the eighteenth anniversary of his date of birth, upon the facts being presented to the local board, be deferred (A) until the end of such academic year, or (B) until he ceases satisfactorily to pursue such course of instruction, whichever is the earlier. Nothing in this paragraph shall be deemed to preclude the President from providing, by regulations prescribed under subsection (h) of this section for the deferment from training and service of any category or categories of students for such periods of time as he may deem appropriate."

(t) Section 7 of said Act is hereby repealed.

(u) Subsection (g) of section 9 of said Act is amended to read as follows: "(g) (1) Any person who, subsequent to the date of enactment of this title, enlists in the Armed Forces of the United States (other than in a Reserve component) for not more than four years shall, if such enlistment is his first enlistment in the Armed Forces subsequent to the date of enactment of this title, be entitled, upon the expiration of his enlistment (including any extension thereof by law but not including any voluntary extension thereof) or upon his discharge under honorable conditions prior to the expiration thereof, to all the reemployment rights and other benefits provided for by this section in the case of inductees.

"(2) Any person who, subsequent to the effective date of this title enters upon active duty, whether or not voluntarily, in the Armed Forces of the United States or the Public Health Service in response to an order or call to active duty shall, upon his relief from active duty under honorable conditions, be entitled to all of the reemployment rights and benefits provided by this section in the case of inductees, if he is relieved from active duty not later than four years after the date of entering upon active duty or as soon after the expiration of such four years as he is able to obtain orders relieving him from active duty.

"(3) Any employee who holds a position described in paragraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b) of this section shall be granted a leave of absence by his employer for the purpose of being inducted or otherwise entering the Armed Forces of the United States. If rejected by such forces the employee shall be reinstated in his position without loss of seniority or status, or reduction in his rate of pay."

(v) Subsection (a) of section 13 of said Act is amended by adding at the end thereof the words "or persons appointed to or serving on the National Selective Service Appeal Board."

(w) Section 16 of said Act is amended by striking out the words "eighteen" and "eighteenth" in subsection (a) thereof and inserting in lieu thereof the words "seventeen" and "seventeenth", respectively, and adding the following subsection at the end thereof:

"(j) The terms 'active training and service' shall be deemed to mean any military service in the active Armed Forces; 'trainee' shall be deemed to mean a person inducted in the Armed Forces under this title prior to attaining the nineteenth anniversary of his birth who is undergoing an initial period of basic training in the active Armed Forces; initial period of basic training' or 'initial basic training' shall mean that period of four months (or not to exceed six months when prescribed by the President) immediately following induction; 'inductee' shall mean any person inducted into the active Armed Forces under this title for active training and service."

(x) Section 17 of said Act is amended to read as follows:

"SEC. 17. (a) Except as provided in this title all laws and parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of this title are hereby repealed to the extent of such conflict.

(b) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this title."

(y) Section 21 of said Act and section 7 of the Act of September 9, 1950 (ch. 939 of the Laws of the Eighty-first Congress, second session), are hereby amended by striking out the words "July 9, 1951" and inserting in lieu thereof the words "June 30, 1953". Section 21 of said Act is hereby further amended by striking out the words "twenty-one" and inserting in lieu thereof the words "twenty-seven".

(z) Said Act is further amended by adding at the end of title I thereof a new section as follows:

"SEC. 22. (a) The President is hereby authorized to establish a committee to advise and consult with him on such phases of this title concerned with the initial periods of basic training of those inducted for training and service as he may designate.

"(b) The committee shall be composed of not less than five nor more than eight citizens of the United States. Members of the committee shall be appointed by the President without regard to the civil service laws or the Classification Act of 1949, and shall be paid such per diem rates of compensation and such subsistence and travel expenses as the President may determine to be appropriate. The committee shall have a chairman designated from among its membership by the President.

"(c) The committee shall have a staff headed by an executive secretary who shall be appointed by the committee and who shall receive compensation at the rate of $10,000 per annum. The executive secretary, subject to the direction of the committee, is hereby authorized, subject to the civil service laws and the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, to appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to perform such duties as may be prescribed by the committee in connection with the performance of its functions.

"(d) To perform its functions the committee shall utilize to the maximum extent the facilities and resources of the departments and agencies of the Government."

(aa) Said Act is further amended by adding at the end of title I a new section as follows:

"SEC. 23. The President, acting through such nonmilitary executive departments and agencies as he deems appropriate, is authorized to provide for the physical and mental rehabilitation of individuals examined for induction under this title and rejected for failure to meet the standards for physical and mental fitness prescribed by the Secretary of Defense under section 4 (a) of this title. In carrying out this section the President may provide such medical or hospital treatment and such other training or education as he deems fit, including but not

limited to the establishment of schools for the illiterate, providing psychiatric treatment, in- or out-going patient medical, dental, or other treatment, and the providing of necessary prosthetic devices. The benefits of this section shall be provided only to those persons who voluntarily accept them and who are found to have sufficient physical and mental capacities to warrant the opinion that they can be rehabilitated for training and service under this title. Upon the successful completion of such treatment, training, or education such persons may be inducted into the Armed Forces."

SEC. 2. Section 1 of the act of July 27, 1950 (ch. 501 of the laws of the Eightyfirst Congress, second session) is hereby amended by striking out the words "July 9, 1951" and inserting in lieu thereof the words "June 30, 1953" and by adding at the end of said section a new sentence as follows: "No person whose enlistment has been extended heretofore or hereafter for twelve months pursuant to this Act shall have this enlistment extended for any additional period of time under this Act."

SEC. 3. The Act of August 3, 1950 (ch. 537, 64 Stat. 408) is hereby amended by striking out "July 31, 1954" and inserting in lieu thereof "June 30, 1961.”

SEC. 4. The Act of August 3, 1950 (ch. 537, 64 Stat. 408) is hereby amended by inserting the words "sections 102, 202, 213, and 302 of the Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1948 (62 Stat. 357, 363, 369, and 371)” immediately following the word "including".

SEC. 5. Wherever in this amendatory Act the period of active service for any category of persons is increased, such increased period of service shall be applicable to all persons in such category serving on active duty in the Armed Forces on the date of the enactment of this amendatory Act.

SEC. 6. If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the Act and of the application of such provision to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

The CHAIRMAN. Members of the committee, before Secretary Marshall begins his testimony, I desire to make a brief statement.

Nine months ago this committee debated whether or not to extend the Selective Service Act. At that time, based on the testimony from the Department of Defense, there was no induction that could be foreseen under that act. The Armed Forces were not then accepting many enlistments. The feeling was at that time that we should closely circumscribe the induction authority.

The bill we reported last May and passed through the House contained such safeguards. In the meantime the Senate had passed a similar bill. During the conference between the House and the Senate the Reds had attacked in South Korea. When that happened our final decision was to extend the selective service for 1 year, without imposing restrictions. We hoped that by the time the Draft Act would again expire in the middle of 1951 we could tell better what our needs would be and what further action we would have to take as regards induction of men in the Armed Forces.

Now 9 months has passed since that time we last had this subject matter before the committee, and from day to day world conditions have constantly grown worse. Seven months have passed since the Selective Service Act was extended for 1 year by the Congress. Seven months ago we only had 1,400,000 men in the Armed Forces. That strength was not scheduled to be increased by the Department of Defense. Today we have over 1,000,000 more men in the service than we had 7 months ago. And by July 9, 1951, the date the Draft Act expires, the plans are to have 3,500,000 men in the Armed Forces, or two and one-half times as many as we had in the service when the law was extended last July.

No person can foresee whether the future will be only one of constant tension and restricted warfare or whether we will be in the most terrible global war in all recorded history.

However, there is one thing we do know; that is that as far as the future we can see now there will continue to be a need for maintaining the largest standing military force this country has ever had.

We know, too, that the build-up and the maintenance of those forces at a level of 3,500,000 men unquestionably will require continued application of selective service for the indefinite future.

World conditions have made selective service an integral part of our defense structure.

To build up and maintain a force of 3,500,000 men will require an annual input in the Armed Forces of at least 800,000 men annually. An annual input of 800,000 men will require extending the period of compulsory service beyond what it is today. It will require sacrifice on the part of the people of the Nation from one end of the land to the other.

I do not have the slightest doubt but that the people are just as determined as the Government here in Washington, probably more determined, to see this crisis through without hesitation, without compromise or appeasement of any kind.

As we begin this morning our hearing on the draft bill, at every fireside in the Nation are anxious spectators, for the people know very well heavy demands must be made on the manpower of the Nation.

It is our responsibility in writing such a law to see to it that whatever demands are imposed in service and training are done in as equitable and fair a manner as possible.

The law must be so written that the loopholes through which this or that person can evade service must be closed. The law must be so written to require tightening up of any exemptions and deferments. We must write a law to make as sure as we can that the burden and responsibility of military service and training is borne as equally as possible by those to whom it is made to apply.

The law must be written not only to provide enough men to bring the forces up to the scheduled strength of 3,500,000 men by July of this year in a fair and equitable manner, but we also have to see to it that we give enough leeway in the bill to permit the Armed Forces to grow beyond that strength if it should become necessary for the security of the Nation to do so.

The proper defense of this Nation will not permit us to tie this bill so closely to the planned manpower requirement of 3,500,000 men so as to prevent the Executive from responding promptly if the crisis gets worse.

What we have tried to do in considering this bill is to write the law in such a manner that we will expand the fighting force to the required strength and at the same time provide an enduring basis for the Nation's military strength.

Now the first witness, as I have stated, is General Marshall. General, on behalf of the committee, I want to thank you. It is always a pleasure to have you here. Now you go ahead and make whatever statement you desire to do so as to why the Congress should give favorable consideration to H. R. 1752. Let the general proceed without any interruptions and then the members of the committee will have ample opportunity to examine him. All right, General.

STATEMENT OF GEN. GEORGE C. MARSHALL, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

Secretary MARSHALL. Today no voice is listened to in our troubled world unless it has adequate steel to support it.

The most effective contribution we can make to our own security and the preservation of peace is to provide clear-cut unequivocal proof that we can, first attain, and second, maintain, the military strength we need as long as world peace remains insecure.

The practical solution to both our immediate and our long-range problems lies in the adoption of a system of universal military service and training. The bill we have submitted to your committee would give us the authority to create the strength that is needed today. It would give us the authority to provide, for the first time, the assurance that our long-term requirements could be met on an adequate basis.

The first part of our job, that of building up our forces to the level made necessary by the existing crisis, must be carried forward rapidly. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have set 3,462,000 men as the goal we must reach by June 30. This is roughly 1,000,000 beyond our present strength, but we will have to increase our forces beyond this strength if the situation worsens.

The second part of our job, that of providing now for the maintenance of a strong military posture on an enduring basis, is equally imperative.

In the past it has been our habit after victory to emasculate our military power and leave ourselves impotent before the world, impotent to defend the peaceful principles that have always been in our American tradition.

If we give the other nations of the world any basis for believing that we may again weary of the need for keeping our strength at a high level, the inevitable result will be to encourage those who plot against us and discourage all of those who have made common cause with us.

It is the terrible and continuing threat of aggression that makes universal service and training the imperative response of our democratic Nation today.

Without such a program we would risk again having our defenses reduced in periods of complacency to a level far below our needs and then be obliged to race uphill again in turbulent, wasteful rearmament in the emotional resurgence after danger again becomes glaringly apparent. There have been too many such occasions in the past. That mistake we must now correct, and at the same time set our guard against its repetition. There must be no repetition of past invitations to disaster.

The speed and destructiveness of present methods of warfare makes it imperative that we place our security on a firm base. We should proceed with the development of our military strength in personnel on the same basis that we are arranging for matériel, to make possible a tremendously rapid expansion of our military forces in an effective manner whenever that becomes necessary,

The program we have developed is within our capacity to support through the years of tension that we may have to endure. It will permit us to meet our urgent immediate military necessities and also will set us on a course for the first time in our history that will give us