INSURES THAT NIGHT THOUGHTS, AFTER MOTHER HAS TURNED WHAT IS JOHN MARTIN'S BOOK? It is a book; it is respected as such, and loved as a book friend. WHAT DOES JOHN MARTIN'S BOOK DO? It makes happiness. It forms good morals, good taste, good manners. It provides excellent art and correct English. Without preaching, it teaches consideration of others, fearlessness, honor, truthfulness, obedience, patriotism. It companions in an intimate, personal way, leading naturally to constructive, wholesome thinking, and leaving in the mind the sanest, most desirable impressions. WHAT DOES JOHN MARTIN'S BOOK CONTAIN? The Mail Bag: Are There Many Such Cases? A Question of Whiskers; Many Inventions; What Are Debates For P.... 546 M. Clemenceau's Visit to America.. 549 Business Men and Internationalism.. 549 Governor Smith and Senator Copeland 550 An Experiment in Railway Operation 550 Yea, the Elect of the Land.......... 551 Cartoons of the Week The New Parliament.... Europe and the Near East. 552 553 Frank Bacon, Actor... 553 Robin Plus Douglas.. 554 The Supreme Court and the Japanese Question..... 554 564 567 567 A Radical in Power: A Study of La Follette.... Solstice (Poem).... Lumber Camp Honesty.. Under Four Presidents. The Autobi By Richard Barry By Leslie Nelson Jennings By Sherman Rogers NOVEMBER 29, 1922 M. CLEMENCEAU'S VISIT TO AMERICA F ATHER VICTORY, as Georges Clemenceau was called by his fellow-countrymen, became during the closing months of the war the impersonation of France's will to survive. Now as a visitor to America he remains an impersonation of that spirit. Because we welcome that spirit we of America greet him. Eighty-one years of age, having served his country during two German invasions, having seen the idea of selfgovernment and civil liberty emerging from the confusion of the rule of Napoleon III take form in the present Republic, having been the joyous warrior of politics for nearly fifty years, having followed throughout the guidance of what has been called by his biographer his "vigilant and apprehensive patriotism," having seen the partial failure of his efforts to safeguard France against the dangers he still apprehended even in victory, he believed that he still had a message from France which America would be willing to hear. No one who saw him preside at the plenary sessions of the Peace Conference at Paris, heard his incisive decisions, watched his mobile hands gloved in gray, caught his expressions of quick understanding, can doubt his intellectual acuteness, his sense of humor, and his alert will. He has the mind that looks forward. He is not a stranger to America. Over fifty years ago he lived and taught here for a while. Since his earlier sojourn the sky-scrapers have arisen (not high enough, he says; not near enough to the moon) and the Nation has grown proportionately in extent and in stature. Almost immediately following his arrival he visited the grave of Theodore Roosevelt. Of course his schedule included a call upon ex-President Wilson and President Harding. (C) Keystone CLEMENCEAU ARRIVING IN AMERICA the movement for world peace and unity. The International Chamber was formed two years ago in Paris to study the great field of economics and trade. It has now become truly international in scope, with a membership embracing nearly thirty nations of North and South America, Europe, and Asia. The American section is now at work preparing a programme for presentation to the next annual Convention, which will be held in Rome in March, 1923. Mr. Merle Thorpe, editor of the "Nation's Business," which is the organ of the United States Chamber of Commerce, informs us that the American section is engaged in the following work: It is evolving a basis for a uniform ocean bill of lading. It has prepared a comprehensive code for international arbitration to eliminate costly and ineffective litigation between business men of different countries, and for the purpose of making this plan effective an International Court of Arbitration already has been named. It is working on a plan for the collection and dissemination of comparable statistics. It is about to publish a list of pre ferred definitions of trade terms used in international transactions. It is urging the removal of export taxes which are a hindrance to the freedom of trade. It is committed to a policy of instituting measures for the conservation of fuel and raw materials. It is urging unification of legislative provisions with respect to hills of exchange and other export problems. It is calling attention of governments to the burdensome war-time restrictions in regard to passports and visés. It is making a careful study of the great losses which business men suffer through lack of adequate laws for the protection of international property and for the suppression of methods of unfair competition. It will suggest remedial measures for the protection of trade-marks, copyright, etc. It is engaged in drafting a uniform basis for legislation which will remove existing unfair and burdensome tax practices, such as double taxation. It is hoped that a representative delegation of two hundred leading American business men will attend the meeting at Rome in March. A large group wil leave New York about the middle February, and will visit important trade centers on the Continent and along the Mediterranean on the way to Rome. One of the great advantages of this particular kind of an industrial convention is that its deliberations and recommendations can be reported back to almost every community in the United States through the United States Chamber of Commerce. If the business men of this country can really unite on a few fundamental principles of international economic relationship, they will find Congress very willing to embody their ideas in necessary legislation. The trouble is that up to this time the "business interests" of the United States have been too often more vitally interested in logrolling on tariffs than they have been in the adjustment of international trade and finance. GOVERNOR SMITH AND F all candidates victorious in the Irecent election & Victore us good an impression upon their communities as Governor-elect Smith and Senator-elect Copeland made in New York the other day at a dinner of the Chamber of Commerce, they will enter upon their political duties with the good wishes of all their constituents. Mr. Smith in beginning his speech, and alluding to the popularity of brevity in after-dinner speakers, told the following entertaining story: I remember one day there was quite a hearing in the Assembly Chamber on an appropriation bill to build what was known as the great western gateway between the city of Schenectady and the village of Scotia, and spread around the chamber were a number of maps and engineers' profiles, and big long and lengthy arguments going into hours and hours. And a clergyman came down from Schenectady who, when it was his time to talk, rose and said: "Governor, I am a great believer that short sermons bring large collections." "Now," he says, "everybody in Schenectady wants this bridge, and if you give it to them you will be helping the city of Schenectady, you will be helping the State, you will be helping the country, and God will bless you for it." And he sat down. When he was on his way out one of the attachés of the Executive Chamber stopped him and said: "Father, that was quite a long speech you made." "Well," he says, "I heard he was going to sign the bill, anyway." Governor Smith then proceeded to a serious statement of some of the policies which he would endeavor to carry out when he is inaugurated as Governor. He asked the business men whom he was addressing to support the completion, maintenance, and effective operation of the Erie Canal, which is now known as the "Barge Canal;" to get behind the movement known as the Port Authority for planning and reorganizing the harbor facilities of New York City; to get behind a movement for the inauguration of a sound and effective budget system in the State Government; to support him in his urgency of a reorganization, coordination, and simplification of the government departments in the State; and to urge in connection with this organization "a Constitutional amendment to lengthen the term of the Governor. It is a positive joke to be electing a Governor for this State for two years. Everybody knows it; he is just in there a year and a half when he is running again, and I say this in a very serious way, because I have had the personal experience." Senator-elect Copeland is a physician, and has been Health Commissioner of the City of New York, from which position he has just been promoted to the United States Senate. He urged a policy of sound hygienic laws for the Federal Government, not only for domestic reasons, but because of the menace of disease coming in from foreign countries. Apropos, he told the following interesting story: Last year there came into this port a ship from which the United States Public Health Service landed four persons suffering from pneumonia. They were sent to the Long Island College Hospital in Brooklyn. The hospital authorities, becoming alarmed, telephoned me, and I assigned one of the Board of Health experts to see these four cases of pneumonia. Not one of them had pneumonia, but three had well-developed cases of typhus, one of the most dreaded of epidemic diseases. The ship which brought them here was tied up at the dock and the passengers were on the dock ready to be dispersed through the city and the country. I sent them back on the ship and the ship back to Quarantine for the Federal authorities to reexamine. More careful inspection revealed nineteen cases of typhus on that ship, and a number of the victims died in our harbor. This experience and the resulting events brought home to me the real attitude of Congress toward National and international health matters. It seemed to me that such a slipup must be due to lack of personnel and equipment at Quarantine, so I went to Washington to discuss the situation with the Federal authorities. It was frankly admitted that such a lack existed, and I was told that $500,000 was the sum needed to guard this port against disease from abroad. To my amazement, no request for the money was pending and no plan had been made to ask Congress for the money. On my demand to know why, I was informed, reluctantly, that Congress looks with unfavorable eyes upon requests for the Public Health Service and treats all its requisitions with coldness. Determined to have New York and the country protected, I marched over to Congress. Here I was sent from pillar to post, and finally I landed in the office of the Chairman of the Appropriations Committee of the House, He Congressman Good, of Iowa. listened to my story, but seemed unimpressed. Finally he said: "Doctor, the trouble with you New York men is that you want a lot of money to beautify your Harbor." My reply was: "I don't care whether you beautify the Harbor or not. I never see it. I don't care whether you protect New York or not-the Board of Health of New York City will do that, but what we are trying to do is to save Iowa." Immediately Mr. Good lost his listless air. "Iowa," he shouted. "Do you mean to say that Iowa is in danger of typhus?" "Certainly I do," I said. "Well," said Mr. Good, "that's different. Something must be done about it at once." And Congress appropriated a half million dollars to guard New York Harbor against the admission of foreign disease. Senator Copeland made an impassioned appeal for the treatment of immigrants in accordance with the laws of humanity rather than the laws of mathematics. He denounced the present three per cent Immigration Law, and said (we think with reason, for The Outlook has long made the same contention) that you cannot admit immigrants to the United States either safely or humanely on the percentage system. Dr. Copeland's expressed views on the immigration problem were so sound that we hope much from his influence in passing reasonable legislation on this complicated and important question when he enters the Senate chamber. AN EXPERIMENT IN RAILWAY OPERATION IT T is useless to blink the fact that there is a very large, and possibly growing, body of public opinion in this country inclined to favor Government ownership and operation of steam railways. At all events, there are thousands of plain, matter-of-fact Americans, neither radicals nor theorists, who are wondering whether the admitted political evils of Government ownership and operation would be greater than the evils which arise from selfish financiering and from conflicts between labor and capital under private ownership. The only practical experience this country has had in Government operation was during the war, an experience not wholly assuring to those who fear the red tape and inefficiency of bureaucracy. Americans who are open-minded on the question, and who wish to learn what is best for the general social and economic welfare without regard to preconceived notions or the dictates of self-interest, are about to have an unusually interest ing object-lesson in Canada. Railways, The Canadian National Government owned and operated, have a mileage of about 22,000 miles and constitute the largest government-owned system of railways that the world has ever seen. With the railways there is affiliated under the same management a great system of transportation by ocean and inland steamers. The Canadians are a practical people, like ourselves, and, like all English-speaking countries, the spirit of individual initiative and enterprise is the dominant spirit in Canada. Socialism or Communism has never gained any foothold there. the Canadians have had some unfortunate experiences with privately owned railways, and they apparently propose to see what Government operation will do. Perhaps the best proof that the experiment is not a visionary one is found in the fact that the post of President and General Manager of the Canadian National Railways has been accepted by one of the greatest railway operators in the world, Sir Henry Thornton, now of England, but an American by birth and education. But Sir Henry is about fifty years of age. He was born in Pennsylvania; went to St. Paul's School at Concord, New Hampshire, and the University of Pennsylvania; and entered the engineering department of the Pennsylvania Railroad, where he held various important engineering offices; and finally became General Superintendent of the Long Island Railroad. In 1914 he was called to England to take the managership of the Great Eastern Railway, in which position he made such a striking success that during the war he was called upon by the English Government to have general executive charge of British transportation, both by rail and by water, with the rank of major-general. It will thus be seen that he is no theorist. If he should successfully meet and solve the problems of the relation of Government to railway operation in Canada, his judgment and opinion about the very real and perplexing difficulties of railway transportation in the United States ought to have great weight. Wise men who want to inform themselves about the future development of railways in this country will keep their eyes on Sir Henry Thornton. MAJOR-GENERAL SIR HENRY THORNTON, PRESIDENT CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAYS and political legislation will by common consent be held in the background until that immediate task is accomplished. There is little or no doubt that Parliament will see the importance and desirability of carrying out Great Britain's share in the work of establishing the Irish Free State. The Parliament now assembled represents two convictions among the people of the country. One is that Mr. Bonar Law truly represented popular feeling when he argued that what the country needed was quiet and restfulness and that the administration of Lloyd George was too adventurous. too sensational, and too changeable to meet the views of the people-in other words, that a change toward "normalcy" was eagerly desired. The other conviction that brought about the political overthrow was that of economic pressure; the labor element and the radicals are concerned about unemployment, while the middle classes and the manufacturers are concerned about high income taxes. It is to be remembered, however. that it is by accepting trying conditions as to taxes and employment that Great Britain has been able to quote Lloyd George's phrase again-to make the pound able to look the dollar in the face; the exchange rate for English money is far stronger than that of France and most other European countries. a total of 296 votes in possible opposition if all party divisions and odd men outside of parties should be combined, which is altogether unlikely. The proCoalition Lloyd George members have decreased from 129 to 44. Yet the Conservatives fell far behind on the popular vote; some estimates say that less than forty per cent of the total vote went to Conservative candidates. PARTIES AND ISSUES THE HE most outstanding feature of the Opposition of the new Parliament is that now for the first time the Labor Party becomes the leading Opposition pary. It almost doubled its representation in the last Parliament and now numbers over 120 members. Its present leader is John Robert Clynes, and there is some significance in the fact that a former Labor Party leader, Arthur Henderson, suffered a severe defeat at the polls. Previous to the actual assembling of Parliament there was some question as to who should be the recognized leader of the opposition in the House of Commons. Two precedents seemed to conflict. Usually the leader of the Opposition is the leader of the largest Opposition group; but also usually that man is a former Prime Minister; in this case there are two former Prime Ministers in the House, Lloyd George and Asquith, and the leader of the largest Opposition group is a Labor member. The question was easily and pleasantly settled, however, when, as the members fell in line to enter the House of Lords for the first organization meeting, Mr. Asquith (who as the older of the two former Prime Ministers would take precedence over Lloyd George) stood aside and motioned to Mr. Clynes to join the present Prime Minister, Mr. Bonar Law, at the head of the line. The notable gain in the Labor Party in size and importance appears to be due, not to its advocacy of a tax levy on capital, which is a radical political proposal still in its infancy, but to the general dissatisfaction of the masses in England with industrial conditions. It does not represent a movement toward limited industrial supremacy, such as exists in Russia; it may be noted that a Moscow Bolshevik organ, while rejoicing in the Labor victory in England as the base of a proletarian offensive against capitalists, remarks: "Frankly, we place no hope on English labor in a revolutionary rôle, as the composition of the party does not inspire confidence." WINNERS AND LOSERS HERE were some singular personal re The Conservative victory in the elec-sults in the elections, due to special tions was so great that the party has an absolute majority over all the other combined elements in the House of Commons. It controls 319 votes as against feeling about individual candidates rather than to general principles. Winston Churchill, for instance, was woefully |