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tical honors though it was made clear to him that he could at any time be mayor of Worcester, or member of congress. Several original papers as well as some translations of those prepared by other members have been presented to this society and its cabinet and library have received numerous and valuable contributions from him. As president his interest as shown by great and constant labors as well as gifts is familiar to us all. The large bequest made in his will is appropriately communicated to the society in the report of the council.

An authentic notice of Mr. Salisbury may be found in The History of Worcester County published by Lewis in 1889, Vol. 2, Page 1676. S. U.

Señor Don Joaquin Hubbe, a biographical notice by Professor Rodolf Menendez, Director of the State Normal School of Yucatan.

The free and sovereign State of Yucatan, which since the year 1821, is an integral part of the Mexican Confederacy, has produced very remarkable men in all the paths of human activity.

In politics, in civil and religious government, in the science of war, in that of law, in history, in archæology, in literature, in public education, etc., etc., Yucatan has had, and has to this day conspicuous representatives who could be the ornament and pride of any society whatever, either in America or in Europe.

We could with pleasure mention some illustrious names; but the nature and prescribed extent of this paper forbids it and our purpose now is that of bringing forth the personality of a son of Yucatan who is worthy of esteem and respect for more than one reason, as he left strong traces of his life in the records of modern democracy.

We refer to the Engineer Señor Joaquin Hübbe who passed away in this city on the 31st of December, 1901, to the general grief of his fellow citizens.

At the close of the first quarter of the 19th century Doctor John Hübbe, a native of Hamburg, established his home in Yucatan. He came with a well deserved reputation before him and he soon won the regard of the people of the country, which he made his own by raising a family. He married in Campeche, the distinguished lady, Señora Gertrudis Garcia Rejon and from their union the subject

of this Memoir was born on the first of January, 1832, at the city of Mérida, where his parents happened to be at the time, and he was baptized on the fourth of the same month in our Cathedral called Emeritense.

The future Engineer was but nine years old when he had the misfortune of losing his father in the city of Campeche, on the 5th of June, 1842, in the prime of life, as he was then only forty-two years old.

The bereaved mother soon made up her mind to settle in Mérida for the purpose of devoting herself to the education of her children. We may mention by the way that this noble matron lived until the 28th of June, 1884, when she ended a life remarkable by the virtues of an excellent wife and model mother.

Señor Joaquin Hübbe acquired the first notions of education in Campeche at the reputed school of the enlightened French Professor Monsieur Gilbeau. His mother afterwards wished him to go to a good school in the United States under Mr. Thebaud's guardianship, having spent the years 1844 and 1845 with his family. He showed there a very brilliant disposition to study and when this fact came to the knowledge of his paternal grandfather who lived in Hamburg, he expressed the wish of calling him to his side, to which request his mother agreed to comply and Señor Hübbe ended the course of his preparatory studies in the aforesaid German City, and subsequently began the study of Civil Engineering, a profession which we may here state could not at that time be studied in this country. During the whole course of his studies he distinguished himself for his good behaviour and noteworthy laboriousness. His assiduity was crowned at last by success and he got his diploma of a Civil Engineer in 1857.

He had hardly gone through the scientific course of his profession when he was called to be a member of a Technical Commission that had the charge of building a railroad in the British Possessions in India, and of other works in Lower Egypt. When these works were finished he returned to Yucatan at the end of the year 1858, and began immediately to practise his profession.

On the 21st of August, 1859, he married the honorable young lady, Doña Joaquina Peon, who was his happy companion until her death in 1879, leaving him the soothing duty of devoting himself to their many children.

From the very moment that Sr. Joaquin Hübbe landed on our shores to the time of his death, he lent very important services to the State. He was in constant intercourse with the most distinguished and influential men of the community who acknowledged his talents and worth. The country was then going through an extremely difficult and precarious stage of existence. The social war, that is the uprising of the Indians against the white population, had burst in 1847, bringing ruin and desolation over the whole country. Revolutionary movements followed each other in vertiginous cycles not only in this State, but in the whole nation, and discord lifted her dismal torch on all quarters. The three years' war of the Reformation, the French Intervention and the war against the exotic empire of Maximilian of Hapsburg rebounded with great shock in Yucatan.

After the restoration of the Republic in 1867, and later on after the so-called Fuxtepec Revolution headed by General Porfirio Diaz, not only the state of Yucatan, but the whole country went into a period of order and general reconstruction.

The wide range of Señor Hübbe's information, his knowledge of foreign languages, his excellent traits of character, his unfailing honesty and activity were fully appreciated by all the succeeding administrations, even by that of the Imperial Commissary Señor Salazar Slarregui. So it was that at different times he was charged with offices of the highest importance and honorability.

As a member of several political Commissions, as Director general of Public Works, as President of the City Council of Mérida, as member of the Governor's Council, which is now extinct, as Deputy to the State Legislature, and as Secretary of State during the administration of our great historian Señor Eligio Ancona, and other public offices, Señor Joaquin Hübbe displayed his rare gifts as a high minded patriot and prominent statesman as well as his ardent love for his native soil. But the greatest glory of this meritorious citizen he acquired as a public writer, it being a great pity that his various writings should not have been collected. His historical treatise on British Honduras, called the Belice Colony, made a great impression not only in Yucatan, but also in the Capital of our Republic and in foreign countries. In that study the rights of Mexico to the country beyond the Hondo River are fully proved by

authentical documents. Not a few Yucatecan periodicals have filled their pages and columns with articles that appear subscribed by Señor Joaquin Hübbe, especially the "Eco del Comercio" in its first epoch. This paper was founded by the diligent publisher, Don Manuel Heredin Arguelles and Señor Hübbe was its chief editor. His writings were always attractive and interesting by their easy and genial style, discreet, full of meaning and always tending to the general welfare of the community. The ideas that sprang from his pen were highly characteristical and imposed themselves into the public minds. His great general information as well as his great proficiency on various matters enabled him to take hold of the most useful and transcendental questions on political economy, the relations and equilibrium of the European nations and those of America, as well as questions about commerce, agriculture, local industries and the like. He paid paramount attention to the raising of hemp,' the chief and almost only source of wealth in the State of Yucatan. The magnificent and wonderful ruins that are scattered over all the surface of our Peninsula engaged his attention and they are indebted to him for very mature considerations. Material and scientific progress in all their manifestations found in him a ready, enthusiastic and learned worker, who labored always in the most unselfish manner. His clear sight was always intent upon all progress in the various administrative branches of government and upon all those that in any way led to the improvement of the commonwealth. So did Señor Hübbe understand and practise patriotism, without ostentation or vanity.

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To end these lines which we have gladly written as an humble tribute we render to the man of whom we were sincere admirers while we edited the "Eco del Comercio, in the offices of which we worked for a long time by his side, we may add that Señor Joaquin Hübbe was a member of several societies, both European and American and that he constantly held correspondence with respectable men abroad. We may also say that in politics his ideas were moderate and that though his religious principles were not in perfect accordance with those of the very great majority of his fellow citizens, he was always respectful of those that held them sincerely; as a public officer he was faithful and zealous in the fulfilment of his duties, as a citizen he

was honorable to the whole extent of the word, and in private life he was a perfect gentleman.

He was positively a conspicuous man and by no means could he be counted among the anonymous crowd. He was an honor to his country and for that reason his memory ought not to be cast into oblivion to which not unfrequently public indifference has condemned unhappily that of many of our fellow citizens of eminent merits and of unquestionable deserts. He did his duty as a good man toward his family, toward his country and toward humanity.

(Signed) RODOLF MENENDEZ.

MERIDA, April 10th, 1906.

This notice was written at the request of the undersigned by Professor Rodolfo Menendez, a colleague of Señor Hübbe at a time, and one who has been for a long time an enthusiastic and indefatigable promoter of public education. The paper has been translated from the original Spanish into English by me, the undersigned, who has the honor of communicating it to the American Antiquarian Society in due fulfilment of a wish entertained by our very much lamented friend, and never to be forgotten late President of the Society.

MERIDA, YUCATAN, April 12th, 1906.

DAVID CASARES.

James Davie Butler died in Madison, Wis., Nov. 20th, 1905. He was born in Rutland Vt. Mar. 15th, 1815, graduated at Middlebury College in 1836 as salutatorian, was one year in Yale Theological Seminary, returned to Middlebury College for five terms as tutor, and in 1840 finished his theological course at Andover Theological Seminary, remaining as Abbot resident till 1842, when he went abroad with Prof. E. A. Park for about one and onehalf years, and on his return prepared a number of descriptive lectures one or another of which were delivered over three hundred times in or near New England.

He was Professor in Norwich University 1845-7, in Wabash College 1854-8, in Wisconsin University 1858-67, was pastor of Congregational Churches in Wells River, Vt., 1847-51, in South Danvers now Peabody, Mass., 1851-2, and in Cincinati, O., 1852-5. Since 1858 his residence has been Madison, Wis.

He was a great traveller, going into all sections of this country as well as making four journeys to Europe and going around the world at seventy-six years of age.

Middlebury College conferred the degree of LL.D., upon him in 1863.

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