8. A Verb and a Participle.-John was injured-W 7. A Verb and a Preposition.-Its idle hopes are o That business has been attended to. REMARKS-The Predicate is varied not only in for functions. 1. It may assert an act-as, William walks 6. It may assert condition-as, Its idle hopes OBS. 1.-The term "Predicate" has two applications Grammatical. The Logical Predicate includes the Gran and its Object. Thus, in the sentence, "The king of shadows loves a shining mar "Loves a shining mark," is the Logical Predicate; "Loves" is the Grammatical Predicate. OBS 2.-ID Sentences that have no Objects, the Logi matical Predicates are identical. Thus, in the sentence 'The oaks of the mountains fall," "Fall" is both the Logical and the Grammatical Predic OBS. 3.-The Modified Predicate includes the Gram and its Adjunct us, in the sentence, Are in the ute low winds are in the pines," the Modaned Predicate of "winds. "Are" is the Grammatica redicate. REM-The Object of a Sentence, being distinct from Predicate, is properly regarded as a distinct Element in such Sentences as contain Objects. Hence, DEF. 38. The Object of a Sentence is the Word or Words on which the act, expressed by the Predicate, terminates. OBS.-The Object of a Sentence is a Noun, or a Word, a Phrase, or a Sentence used for a Noun. EXAMPLES. A Noun-John saws wood-Birds build nests. "Shall joy light the face of the Indian ?" "The king of shadows loves a shining mark." 2. A Pronoun.-I have seen him- Whom seekest thou? "We buried him darkly, at dead of night." 3. A Phrase. “I regret his being absent." "His being a minister, prevented his rising to civil power.” 4. A Sentence. "The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God." "And God said, Let there be light." God never meant that man should scale the heavens ADJUNCT ELEMENTS. REM.-If I say, Students deserve approbation, I make an "unqualified assertion," applicable to all "students," and to the "approbation" of all persons. But, if I say Diligent Students deserve the approbation of their Teacher, I speak of only a particular class of Students,—and of approbation as limited to a particular source; for the Word " Student,” is limited by the word "diligent," and the Word "approbation," is limited by the Word "the," and by the Phrase "of their Teacher." These limiting Words and Phrases are necessary, not to make the Sentence, but to perfect th sense; they are joined to other words, and are therefore called PRIN.-An Adjunct Element may be juncts. The glassy waters mirror back His smiles" 4. "Darkly waves each giant boug 5. " A purple robe his dying frame (b) A Phrase.-1. We were walking towards home 2. We shall arrive in a short time. 3. Sons of sorrow echoed notes of s 4. I came to bury Cæsar. 5. 66 Scaling yonder peak, I saw an eagle wheeling near its (c) A Sentence.-1. Students, who study, will imp 2. Students will improve, if the 3. They kneeled before they foug 4. "The sweet remembrance of Shall flourish when he sleeps i ANALYSIS. "How | dear to my heart | are | the scenes of m When fond recollection | presents | them t REM.-Adjuncts are used to limit or describe things, o or qualities. Hence, PRIN.-Adjuncts are distinguished as ADJECTIVES or ADVERBS. OBS. 1.-Adjective Adjuncts, whether Words, Phrase are such as answer to the questions, What? What kind. many? &c. They are attached, in construction, to Nouns OBS. 2.--Adverbial Adjuncts--Words, Phrases, or Sent as answer to the questions, How? Why? Where? Wh &c. They are attached to Verbs, to Adjectives, and to Ad OBS. 3-Words, Phrases, and Sentences, having no Grammatical connection with other Elements in a Sentence, often perform Adjunct offices, by limiting or modifying the application of other Elements. Such are properly called Logical Adjuncts. EXAMPLES. (a) Words.-1. Webster, the Statesman, is remotely related to Webster, the Lexicographer. 2. Clay-Cassius M.-had more honorable benevolence than political sagacity. (b) Phrases.-1. "Napoleon having fallen, there is no more czue for alarm." 2. "Thus talking, hand in hand, alone they passed on to their blissful bower." (c) Sentences.—“ I solemnly declare—and I do not speak unadvisedly— that the measures adopted by the passage of those resolutions will hasten the dissolution of the Union." REM.-The words “Statesman” and “Lexicographer" are used to distinguish the two "Websters;" "Cassius M.," to determine which "Clay" is spoken of:-the Phrase “Napoleon having fallen," to tell why there is no more cause for alarm; and “I do not speak unadvisedly," is a Sentence thrown in to add force to the Principal Sentence. Hence we have Grammatical Adjuncts and Logical Adjuncts. These two Words thus placed, form what! A. A Sentence, for they constitute "an assemblage of words, so arranged as to assert an entire proposition." (b) Birds fly. Quest. In this Sentence, for what is the Word "Bi Ans. To tell what "fly." For what is the Word “fly" used! A. To tell what "Birds" do. (c) Birds fly. แ Every Sentence must have a Subject an Quest. In this Sentence, what is the Subject? Ans. "Birds"-for it "is that of which asserted." What is the Predicate? A. "Fly"-for "it is the word that exp asserted of the Subject." Thus, analyze the following additional 1. Fishes swim. 3. Lightnings flash. 5. Girls sing. EXAMPLES. 7. Waters are ru 8. Mary is readi 9. Winter has co 10. Resources are 11. Wheat has be 6. Boys play. 12. Mountains hav 13. Lessons should have been studied. REM.-In the last example, the four words "migh spected," constitute the Predicate of "he." REM. 2.--The Pupil will notice that, when the Pred more than one word, the last word makes the Principa other words perform subordinate offices. Thus, in Exam denotes obligation; "Should have" denote obligation and have been" denote obligation, time, and voice. These are the principal assertion expressed by the word "Studied.' |