lic purposes for which said conveyances are intended, the number of currently owned conveyances to be continued in use, and the officials or employees by whom all of such conveyances are to be used. (As amended Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 16(a), 60 Stat. 810.)

§ 78a-1. Same; maximum purchase price of motor vehicles; exceptions.-Unless otherwise specifically provided, the maximum amount allowable, in accordance with section 78 of this title, for the purchase of any passenger motor vehicle (exclusive of busses, ambulances, and station wagons), is fixed at $1,400. (July 30, 1947, ch. 359, Title II, § 201, 61 Stat. 608, as amended Apr. 20, 1948, ch. 219, Title II, § 201, 62 Stat. 193; Aug. 24, 1949, ch. 506, Title III, § 301, 63 Stat. 661.)

1948 amendment.-Act Apr. 20, 1948, cited to text, amended section by increasing maximum amount from $1300 to $1400.

§ 84. Annual or monthly compensation.-Where the compensation of any person in the service of the United States (except persons whose compensation is computed in accordance with section 944 of this title) is annual or monthly the following rules for division of time and computation of pay for services rendered are established: Annual compensation shall be divided into twelve equal installments, one of which shall be the pay for each calendar month; and in making payments for a fractional part of a month one thirtieth of one of such installments, or of a monthly compensation, shall be the daily rate of pay. For the purpose of computing such compensation and for computing time for services rendered during a fractional part of a month in connection with annual or monthly compensation, each and every month shall be held to consist of thirty days, without regard to the actual number of days in any calendar month, thus excluding the 31st of any calendar month from the computation and treating February as if it actually had thirty days. Any such person entering the service of the United States during a thirty-one day month and serving until the end thereof shall be entitled to pay for that month from the date of entry to the 30th day of said month, both days inclusive; and any person entering said service during the month of February and serving until the end thereof shall be entitled to one month's pay, less as many thirtieths thereof as there were days elapsed prior to date of entry: Provided, That for one day's unauthorized absence on the 31st day of any calendar month one day's pay shall be forfeited. (As amended June 30, 1945, ch. 212, Title VI, § 604(c), 59 Stat. 303.)

Act June 30, 1945, cited to text, amended section by inserting "except such persons of this title" following "United States" in first sentence, and by striking "Any person" and inserting in lieu thereof "Any such person' in second sentence. Effective date.-Amendment of section by Act June 30, 1945, cited to text, was made effective on July 1, 1945, by section 610 of said Act June 30, 1945.

§ 95a. Same; government officers and employees attending depart ment hearings. Whenever a department is authorized by law to hold hearings and to subpena witnesses for appearance at said hearings, witnesses summoned to and attending such hearings shall be entitled to the same fees and mileage, or expenses in the case of Government officers and employees, as provided by law for witnesses attending in the United States courts. (Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 10, 60 Stat. 809.)

§ 116a. Awards to departmental personnel for meritorious suggestions; amount; honorary recognition of exceptional services; release of claim. The head of each department is authorized, under such rules and regulations as the President may prescribe, to pay cash awards to civilian officers and employees (or to their estates) who make meritorious suggestions which will result in improvement or economy in the operations of his department and which have been adopted for use and to incur necessary expenses for the honorary recognition of exceptional or meritorious service: Provided, That no award shall be paid to any officer or employee for any suggestion which represents a part of the normal requirements of the duties of his position. With the exception of the Army and Navy Departments, the amount of any one award shall not exceed $1,000 and the total of cash awards paid during any fiscal year in any department shall not exceed $25,000. Payments may be made from the appropriation for the activity primarily benefiting or may be distributed among appropriations for activities benefiting as the head of the department determines. A cash award shall be in addition to the regular compensation of the recipient and the acceptance of such cash award shall constitute an agreement that the use by the United States of the suggestion for which the award is made shall not form the basis of a further claim of any nature upon the United States by him, his heirs or assigns. (Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 14, 60 Stat. 809, amended July 26, 1947, ch. 343, Title II, § 205(a), 61 Stat. 501.)

Codification.-Last paragraph of section 14 of Act Aug. 2, 1946, cited to text, relating to repeal of conflicting laws, is set out as a note under this section.

Repeals. Last paragraph of section 14 of Act Aug. 2, 1946, cited to text, provided: "All other Acts or parts of Acts in conflict with the provisions of this section are hereby repealed."

Change of Name. The Department of War was designated the Department of the Army and the title of the Secretary of War was changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205 (a) of Act July 26, 1947, cited to text.

Cross References.-Persons exempted from application of this section, see note under section 73a of this title.

Executive Order No. 9817

Jan. 2, 1947, 12 F. R. 57

REGULATIONS GOVERNING AWARDS

By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 14 of the act of August 2, 1946 (Public Law 600, 79th Congress) [this section], I hereby prescribe the following rules and regulations governing the payment of awards for meritorious suggestions of civilian officers and employees and for the incurring of expenses for honorary recognition of exceptional or meritorious service: Section 1. Any civilian officer or employee of a department (as the word "department" is defined in section 18 of the said act of August 2, 1946 [section 73b-4 of this title]) who makes a suggestion, in such form and manner as his department shall require, which is adopted for use in the department on or after August 2, 1946, and, in the judgment of the department head or other duly authorized authority in the department, has resulted or will result in improvement or economy in the operations of the department by way of monetary savings, increased efficiency, conservation of property, improved employee-working conditions, better service to the public, or otherwise, shall be eligible for consideration for a cash award. A former civilian officer or employee (or his estate) shall be similarly eligible for awards for such suggestions made while in the service of the department.

Sec. 2. Whenever a suggestion is determined to be meritorious and is adopted solely or primarily because it will result or has resulted in the saving of money, the amount of the award shall be based on the amount of the annual estimated

saving in the first year of operation in accordance with the following table, unless for special reasons the head of the department shall determine, subject to the limitations prescribed in the said act, that a different amount is justified: Savings $1-$1,000....

$1,000-$10,000

.....

$10,000-$100,000

$100,000 or more.....

Awards

$10 for each $200 of savings with a minimum of $10 for any adopted suggestion.

$50 for the first $1,000 of savings, and $25 for each additional $1,000 of savings.

.$275 for the first $10,000 of savings, and $50 for each additional $10,000 of savings.

$725 for the first $100,000 of savings and $100 for each additional $100,000 of savings; provided that (with the exception of the War and Navy Departments) the maximum award for any one suggestion shall not exceed $1,000. Sec. 3. When a suggestion is adopted primarily upon the basis of improvement in the operations or services of the department, the department shall determine the amount of the award commensurate with the benefits anticipated from the suggestion. Whenever the head of a department believes that a suggestion he has adopted would benefit the Government service generally, he may report it to the Director of the Bureau of the Budget for Dissemination to all departments.

Sec. 4. At the end of each fiscal year each department shall report to the Director of the Bureau of the Budget the number of employee suggestions submitted, the number of such suggestions adopted, the total amount of cash awards, and the total amount of estimated annual savings.

Sec. 5. A department may provide for the purchase and award of appropriate certificates, medals, or other emblems, in honorary recognition of service which is determined by the head of the department to be exceptional or meritorious.

Sec. 6. No award shall be paid for any suggestion which is not adopted for use within five years from the date the suggestion is received by the department. Any department may, in its discretion, change the designated period of five years to a less period of time.

Sec. 7. No award shall be paid to any officer or employee for any suggestion which represents a part of the normal requirements of the duties of his position. Sec. 8. The total of cash awards paid during any fiscal year in any department (except the War and Navy Departments) shall not exceed $25,000. Cash awards and expenses for honorary recognition for exceptional or meritorious service may be paid from the appropriation for the activity primarily benefiting or may be distributed among appropriations for activities benefiting as the head of the department determines.

Sec. 9. A cash award shall be in addition to the regular compensation of the recipient, and the acceptance of such cash award shall constitute an agreement that the use by the United States of the suggestion for which the award is made shall not form the basis of a further claim of any nature upon the United States by him, his heirs, or assigns.

Sec. 10. This order shall be effective as of August 2, 1946, and shall be published in the Federal Register.

§ 118c. Officers and employees in foreign countries; appropriations authorized to meet losses.-There are authorized to be appropriated annually such sums as may be necessary to enable the President, in his discretion and under such regulations as he may prescribe and notwithstanding the provisions of any other Act and upon recommendation of the Director of the Budget, to meet losses sustained on and after July 1, 1933, by officers, enlisted men, and employees of the United States while in service in foreign countries due to the appreciation of foreign currencies in their relation to the American dollar, and to cover any deficiency in the accounts of the Treasurer of the United States, including interest, arising out of the arrangement approved by the President on July 27, 1933, for the conversion into foreign currencies of checks and drafts of officers, enlisted men, and employees for salaries and expenses: Provided, That such action as the President may take shall be binding upon all executive officers of the Government: Provided further, That

no payments authorized by this section shall be made to any officers, enlisted men, or employees for periods during which their checks or drafts were converted into foreign currencies under the arrangement hereinbefore referred to: Provided further, That allowances and expenditures pursuant to this section shall not be subject to income taxes: And provided further, That the Director of the Budget shall report all expenditures made for this purpose to Congress annually. (Mar. 26, 1934, ch. 87, 48 Stat. 466; Aug. 14, 1937, ch. 627, 50 Stat. 641; Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, Title III, § 301 (87), 64 Stat. -.)

Amendments.-Act Sept. 12, 1950, cited to text, amended section by repealing the words "with the Budget estimates" which formerly followed "annually" at end of section.

Act Aug. 14, 1937, ch. 627, cited to the text, amended this section by changing the date from which losses sustained, from “July 15, 1933,” to “July 1, 1933,' as set out above.

Savings clause.-Jurisdiction or responsibility of any agency or officer over any function or organizational unit, referred to in former provisions of this section, as affected by their repeal by Act Sept. 12, 1950, cited to text, see note under former section 582 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Transfer of functions.-All functions of all officers of the Department of the Treasury, and all functions of all agencies and employees of such Department, were transferred, with certain exceptions, to the Secretary of the Treasury, with power vested in him to authorize their performance or the performance of any of his functions, by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 26, §§ 1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat., set out in note under section 241 of this title. The Treasurer of the United States, referred to in this section, is an officer in the Treasury Department. §§ 118d, 118d-1. Repealed. June 30, 1949, ch. 288, Title V, § 502 (a) (8), (9), 63 Stat. 400, eff. July 1, 1949.

Section 118d, Act Apr. 15, 1937, ch. 95, 50 Stat. 64, related to exchange of used equipment for new, and is now covered by chapter 4 of Title 41, Public Contracts. Section 118d-1, Acts June 26, 1943, ch. 145, Title II, § 203, 57 Stat. 195; June 27, 1944, ch. 286, Title II, 203, 58 Stat. 385; May 3, 1945, ch. 106, Title II, 204, 59 Stat. 132; Mar. 28, 1946, ch. 113, Title II, § 204, 60 Stat. 79; Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 8, 60 Stat. 808, related to exchange of used vehicles, boats, etc., and is now covered by chapter 4 of said Title 41.

§ 118g. Clothing and equipment for protection of personnel.Appropriations available for the procurement of supplies and material or equipment shall be available for the purchase and maintenance of special clothing and equipment for the protection of personnel in the performance of their assigned tasks. (Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 13, 60 Stat. 809.)

§ 118h. Pay of personnel employed outside continental United States or in Alaska; regulations; effective date.-Any appropriations or funds available to the executive departments, independent establishments, and wholly owned Government corporations for the payment of salaries and compensation to persons stationed outside the continental United States or in Alaska whose rates of basic compensation are fixed by statute, shall be available for the payment of additional compensation to such persons, based on living costs substantially higher than in the District of Columbia, or conditions of environment which differ substantially from conditions of environment in the States and warrant additional compensation as a recruitment incentive, or both such factors: Provided, That such additional compensation, except as otherwise specifically authorized by law, shall be paid only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the President establish

ing rates of such additional compensation and defining the area, groups of positions, and classes of persons to which each such rate applies: Provided further, That no additional compensation based on living costs substantially higher than in the District of Columbia shall be paid under this section to any person who is entitled to receive a cost-of-living allowance under section 1131(2) of Title 22 or section 204 of this Act: Provided further, That such additional compensation shall not exceed in any instance 25 per centum of the rate of basic compensation: Provided further, That this section shall be effective sixty days after June 30, 1948, or on such earlier date as may be specified in regulations issued by the President hereunder, and additional compensation payable under regulations and procedures in effect on June 30, 1948, may continue to be paid until the effective date of this section. (Apr. 20, 1948, ch. 219, Title II, § 207, 62 Stat. 194, amended June 30, 1948, ch. 775, § 104, 62 Stat. 1205.)

References in text.-Section 204 of this Act refers to section 204 of Act Apr. 20, 1948, ch. 219, Title II, 62 Stat. 194, the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1949, and it was not classified to the Code.

1948 Amendment.-Act June 30, 1948, cited to text, amended section generally to make it applicable to wholly-owned Government corporations and to add provisions relating to regulations, District of Columbia basic living costs, and effective date of section.

§ 1181. Executive employees; use of official authority; political activity; penalties; reports to Congress.-(a) It shall be unlawful for any person employed in the executive branch of the Federal Government, or any agency or department thereof, to use his official authority or influence for the purpose of interfering with an election or affecting the result thereof. No officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government, or any agency or department thereof, shall take any active part in political management or in political campaigns. All such persons shall retain the right to vote as they may choose and to express their opinions on all political subjects and candidates. For the purposes of this section the term "officer" or "employee" shall not be construed to include (1) the President and Vice President of the United States; (2) persons whose compensation is paid from the appropriation for the office of the President; (3) heads and assistant heads of executive departments; (4) officers who are appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who determine policies to be pursued by the United States in its relations with foreign powers or in the Nation-wide administration of Federal Laws. The provisions of the second sentence of this subsection shall not apply to the employees of The Alaska Railroad, residing in municipalities on the line of the railroad, in respect to activities involving the municipality in which they reside.

(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be removed immediately from the position or office held by him, and thereafter no part of the funds appropriated by any Act of Congress for such position or office shall be used to pay the compensation of such person : Provided, however, That the United States Civil Service Commission finds by unanimous vote that the violation does not warrant removal, a lesser penalty shall be imposed by direction of the Commission: Provided further, That in no case shall the penalty be less than ninety days' suspension without pay: And provided further, That in the case of any