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On,.

In,

3.

"On the plains,

And spangled fields, and in the mazy vales,
The living throngs of earth before Him fall,

With thankful hymns, receiving from His hands
Immortal life and gladness."

...Shows a relation of [existing understood, which qualifies] "throngs" and "plains and fields." Hence, a Preposition. ......Shows a relation of [existing understood, which qualifies] throngs" and "vales." Hence, a Preposition.

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Of, ......Shows a relation of "throngs" and "earth." Hence, a Prepo

sition.

Before,...Shows a relation of "fall" and "him." Hence, a Preposition. With,....Shows a relation of [worshipping, or some equivalent word understood, which qualifies] "throngs" and "hymns." Hence, a Preposition.

Let the Pupils point out the Prepositions, with their several Antecedents and Objects, in the following

ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES.

4. "The chief FAULT of Coleridge LIES in the style, which has been justly objected to, on account of its obscurity, general turgidness of diction, and a profusion of new-coined double epithets."

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5. "Southey, among all our living poets, stands aloof, and alone in his glory; for he alone of them all has adventured to illustrate, in poems of magnitude, the different characters, customs, and manners of nations.

6. To him, who, in the love of nature, holds

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CONJUNCTIONS.

REM.-It should be remembered that Prepositio showing a relation.

We have another class of Words, used simply t Phrases similar in construction, and to introduce S

DEF. 129.-A Conjunction is a Wo Words or Phrases, or to introduce a Sen

EXAMPLE.-Mary and Anna have perfect lesson

diligently.

REM. 1.-In this example, "and" connects "M two words having the same construction-and "be Auxiliary Sentence.

LIST.

The following are the principal Words which ar Conjunctions:

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REM. 2.-A few other words are sometimes used as

REM. 3.-The words in the above List, marked introduce Auxiliary Sentences.

OBS. 1.-Conjunctions used to introduce Auxilia some others, constitute also an index or type of the tences which they introduce.

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In these examples, "if" renders its Sentence conditional :- —‘ -"as" indicates that its Sentence ("you journey") modifies "sing" in respect to time.

NOTE.- When, as, since, and many other Conjunctions used to introduce Auxiliary Sentences, are called, by some grammarians, Conjunctive Adverbs. "And the rest will I set in order when I come." We are told that “when,” in the above example, is an Adverb of Time, relating to the two Verbs, "will set" and "come."

We are also told (and properly) that Adverbs of time are those which answer to the question "when ?"

But the "when."

But does "when," in the above example, "answer to the question when?" Certainly not. Then it cannot be an Adverb of Time. Auxiliary Sentence, "when I come," does answer to the question It tells when "I will set the rest in order." Hence the Sentence, "when I come," is an Adverb of Time; and the Word "when"-used only to introduce that Sentence-connecting it to "will set," is a Conjunction. [See the preceding observation.]

OBS. 2.-A Word used chiefly to introduce a Sentence is therefore a Conjunction. If the Sentence introduced by it is Auxiliary Adverbial in office, it may properly be called an Adverbial Conjunction.

Let the Pupil remember that it is the Sentence that is Adverbial—not the Word used to introduce the Sentence.

OBS. 3.—The Conjunction nor generally performs a secondary office— that of a negative Adverb.

EXAMPLE." Man wants but little here below,

Nor wants that little long."

In this example "nor" introduces the Sentence, and also gives it a negative signification.

The Conjunction "lest" has sometimes a similar construction. "Love not sleep, lest thou come to poverty."

OBS. 4.-DOUBLE CONJUNCTIONS.-Two Conjunctions are sometimes used to introduce the same Sentence.

EXAMPLES

"It seems as if they were instructed by some secret instinct."

"And yet, fair bow, no fabling dreams."

As though, but that, and some other words, are often used as Double Conjunctions.

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OBS. 5.-But, when an Auxiliary Sentence pre tence, the Conjunctions introducing them are double, although they may be in juxtaposition.-—

OBS. 6. In addition to those Words properly c have other words used to introduce Sentences-as EXAMPLES.-1. "The grave, that never spoke be Hath found at length, a tongue

2. "We are watchers of a beacon, Whose light must never die."

REM. 1.-"That never spake before," is an Aux duced by the word "that."

The principal office of "that" is Substantive-the Its secondary, office is Conjunctive-introduces its S it with its Principal.

REM. 2.-In Example (2), the Word "whose" ha Adjunct of "light"-and a secondary office-introd connects it with its Principal.

[For other observations, the student is referre JUNCTIONS.]

EXERCISES.

"God created the heaven and the ear

'And,"....Connects "heaven" and "earth." Hence,

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Temperance and frugality promote health and sec "And,"....Connects "temperance" and "frugality.

junction.

"And,"....Connects "promote" and "secure." Hen

"And the eyes of the sleepers waxed deadly an And,"....Introduces a Sentence. Hence, a Conjunc "And,"....Connects "deadly" and "chill." Hence, a

'And,".

"And hoary peaks that proudly prop the s Thy dwellings are."

.Introduces a Sentence. Hence, a Conjuncti

"That," ... Is the Subject of "prop." Hence, a Substa It also introduces its Sentence, and connects

"When,"

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.Introduces the Auxiliary Sentence. Hence, a Conjunction.
Its Sentence is Adverbial in its office. Hence, an Adverbial
Conjunction.

"When" is not an Elementi. e., it bears no part in the structure of its Sentence. It is neither a Principal Part, nor an Adjunct; it primarily connects: secondarily, indicates the office of its Sentence. (See Obs. 1, above.) That," ..Is the Subject of "goes." Hence, a Substantive.

As a secondary office, "that" introduces its Sentence, and connects it with "miracle."

EXCLAMATION.

DEF. 130.-A word used to express a sudden or intense emotion, is

An Exclamation.

OBS. 1.-Exclamations may consist

1. Of Letters-as, O! Oh! Ah! Lo!

2. Of Words-commonly used as Nouns, Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs-as, Wo! Strange !

Shocking!

3. Of Phrases-For shame!

Hark! Really! Behold.

4. Of Sentences—“O, Ephraim! How can I give thee up !"

OBS. 2.-Exclamations are followed by

Words-"O, Liberty !"--"Ah, the treasure!"

Phrases" 0, for a lodge in some vast wilderness !"
Sentences-" O, bear me to some solitary cell !"

REM. The term Exclamation is preferred to Interjection, as being nore appropriate to its office.

Exclaim" to cry out." This we do with the use of Exclamations. Interject "to cast between." We very seldom cast these words between others they are generally placed before other words.

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