PREPOSITIONS.

DEF. 128.-A Word used to introduce ing the relation of its Object to the W Phrase qualifies, is

A Preposition.

"Wild winds and mad waves drive "We walked about town."

Rut,

Rut for,
By,.....
Concerning,
Despite of,

Devoid of,.
During,..

Ere,

Except,

Excepting,

For,

From,

From among,.

From between,.

From off,..

In,

Instead of,

In lieu of,
Inio,..
Like,

"All went but me."

"And but for these vile guns."

"To sail by Ephesus."-"They stood by the cross.”
"Concerning whom I have before written."

"He will rise to fame, despite of all opposition."
"You live devoid of peace."

"This has occurred many times during the year."
"And ere another evening's close."

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Except these bonds."

Excepting that bad habit, the teacher was faultless." "For me your tributary stores combine."

“Playful children, just let loose from school."
"From among thousand celestial ardors."
"He came from between the lakes."

"This lady-fly I take from off the grass."
"In the beginning."

"Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir."
"She has that sum in lieu of dower."

"Into these glassy eyes put light."

"An hour like this may well display the emptiness of

human grandeur."

"His residence is near the church."

“Plural nominatives should be placed next their verbs" "Come not nigh me."

Notwithstanding, "Notwithstanding this, we remain friends.”

Near,

Next,.

Nigh,.

Of, ....

Off,.

On,

Opposite,.

Over,

Out of,.

Past,

Per,

Previous to,

Respecting,.

Round,

Since....
Save,
Saving,

"He fell off the bows."

"On a bed of green sea-flowers."

"Our friend lives opposite the Exchange."

"High o'er their heads the weapons swung."
"Out of the cooling brine to leap."

"We came past Avon."

"Twelve hundred dollars per annum."

"Previous to this, his character has been good."
"Nothing was known respecting him."

"He went round the parish, making complaints."
"Since Saturday he has not been seen."

All, save this little nook of land."

With habits commendable, saving only this - he chews tobacco.

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"We purpose to go to Rochester Touching these things, whereof "They returned towards evening." ." Then was my horse killed under "And underneath his feet, he cast "Unlike all that I had ever before "We shall not return until Saturda "Unto him who rules the invisible "The whole fleet was sailing up th "He stood upon the highest peak.' ." This stage is for Buffalo, via Bata "With cautious steps and slow." "Peace be within these walls." "Without it, what is man?"

"He possessed an estate, worth five

OBS. 1.-The antecedent term of relation-the Phrase, introduced by a Preposition, qualifies, may be Noun.-The house of God.

Pronoun.-Who of us shall go? I care not wh
Adjective. It is good for nothing.

Verb.-We love to study, we delight in improve
Participle.-Jumping from a precipice.
Adverb.-He is too wise to err.

OBS. 2.-The antecedent term of the relation expr ition, is sometimes understood.

EXAMPLES.-1.

"O refuge

Meet for fainting pilgrims [ ] on thi

NOTE. In the above and similar examples, the ell sedent word need not be supplied in parsing, unless th quires it. But the Phrase may be parsed as qualifying ts Antecedent would qualify, if expressed.

2. "Which flung its purple o'er his path to

Here the Phrase "to heaven" properly modifies lead similar office, understood. But "leading," modified by t

qualify "path." Hence the Phrase, "to heaven”"—as a representative of the whole Phrase "leading to heaven"-may be attached to path.

OBS. 3. Prepositions introducing Substantive and Independent Phrases, have no Antecedents.

EXAMPLES.-1. "As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord."
2. " 'And, on the whole, the sight was very painful.”—Todd
3. “O for a lodge in some vast wilderness."—Couper.

OBS. 4.-The Consequent term of relation may be,
A Word." He stood before the people."

A Phrase." Time, spent in receiving impertinent visits."

A Sentence." And cries of live for ever,' struck the skies."

OBS. 5.-The Consequent term of relation-Object-is sometimes un derstood.

EXAMPLES.—" And the waves are white below [ ].”

"These crowd around [] to ask him of his health." Many grammarians call these Prepositions Adverbs, without giving a proper explanation. They are Prepositions, having their Objects understood. But, as the Phrases of which they form parts are always used Adverbially, the Prepositions-as representatives of their Phrases-are Adverbs. Hence, when thus used, each Preposition performs a double office—Prepositional, as leader of the Phrase—Adverbial, as representative of the Phrase.

OBS. 6.-The Preposition is often understood-generally when its Phrase follows Verbs of giving, selling, coming, &c.

EXAMPLES.-1. Mary gave [ ] me a rose-Mary gave a rose to me. 2. I sold [ ] Mr. Shepard my wheat-sold wheat to

Shepard.

8. William has gone from home to-day-he will come [ ] home to-morrow."

4. These crowd around. Mary gave me a rose.

"Me" and "around" are-in the same sense, and by the same ruleAdverbs, viz.: as representatives of the Adverbial Phrases to which they severally belong. As words, simply, "me" is a Pronoun-object of to understood: “around" is a Preposition—showing a relation of “crowd' and him, understood.

OBS. 7.-Prepositions are sometimes incorporated with their Objects EXAMPLES.-I go a fishing. He fell asleep.-Come a-board.

OBS. 8.-Prepositions are sometimes used in pred
EXAMPLES.-1. Its idle hopes are o'er.

2. That was not thought of.

OBS. 9.-A Preposition commonly indicates the which it introduces.

In, on, under, above, &c., indicate a relation of place

of rest.

EXAMPLES.-William's hat is

in the hall,

on the stool,
under the table.

From, to, into, through, out of, &c., indicate a rela

Of, generally indicates a relation of possession. EXAMPLE."The lay of the last minstrel"-the last As, like, than, &c., indicate a relation of comparison EXAMPLES.-1. "It is not fit for such as us

To sit with rulers of the land."-W 2. "All great, learned men, like me,

Once learned to read their A, B, C 3. "Thou hast been wiser all the while t

During, till, since, &c., indicate a relation of time. EXAMPLES.-1. "We have vacation during the whole 2. "Since Saturday, we have not seen h But, as the kind of relation expressed by a given niform, no perfect classification can be made.

For other observations on Prepositions, see

sitions.

EXERCISES.

1. Where streams of earthly joy exhaustless ri Of,...Shows a relation of "streams" and "joy," Hend

2.

"O refuge,

Meet for fainting pilgrims."

For,..Shows a relation of "meet" and "pilgrims." Hend