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and county wherein the accident occurred; such application for a review may thereupon be brought on for hearing before said court upon such record by either party on ten days' notice to the other, subject, however, to the provisions of law for a change of the place of trial or the calling of another judge. Upon such hearing the court may confirm or set aside such award, and any judgment which may theretofore have been rendered thereon, but the same shall be set aside only upon the following grounds: (1) That the board acted without or in excess of its powers.

(2) That the award was procured by fraud.

(3) That the findings of fact by the board do not support the award.

SEC. 19. Upon the setting aside of any award the court may recommit the controversy and remand the record in the case to the board, for further hearing or proceedings, or it may enter the proper judgment upon the findings, as the nature of the case shall demand. An abstract of the judgment entered by the trial court upon the review of any award shall be made by the clerk thereof upon the docket entry of any judgment which may theretofore have been rendered upon such award, and transcripts of such abstract may thereupon be obtained for like entry upon the dockets of the courts of other counties, or city and county.

SEC. 20. Any party aggrieved by a judgment entered upon the review of any award, may appeal therefrom within the time and in the manner provided for an appeal from the orders of the superior court; but all such appeals shall be placed on the calendar of the supreme court and brought to a hearing in the same manner as criminal causes on such calendar.

SEC. 21. No fees shall be charged by the clerk of any court for the performance of any official service required by this act, except for the docketing of judgments and for certified copies or transcripts thereof. In proceedings to review an award, costs as between the parties shall be allowed or not in the discretion of the court.

SEC. 22. No claim for compensation under this act shall be assignable before payment, but this provision shall not affect the survival thereof; nor shall any claim for compensation, or compensation awarded, adjudged or paid, be subject to be taken for the debts of the party entitled thereto.

SEC. 23. A claim for compensation for the injury or death of any employee, or any award or judgment entered thereon, shall be entitled to a preference over the other debts of the employer if and to the same extent as the wages of such employee shall be so preferred; but this section shall not impair the lien of any judgment entered upon any award.

SEC. 24. Nothing in this act shall affect the organization of any mutual or other insurance company, or any existing contract for insurance or employers' liability, nor the right of the employer to insure in mutual or other companies, in whole or in part, against such liability, or against the liability for the compensation provided for by this act, or to provide by mutual or other insurance, or by arrangement with his employees, or otherwise, for the payment to such employees, their families, dependents, or representatives, of sick, accident or death benefits, in addition to the compensation provided for by this act. But liability for compensation under this act shall not be reduced or affected by any insurance, contributions, or other benefit whatsoever due to or received by the person entitled to such compensation, and the person so entitled shall, irrespective of any insurance or other contract, have the right to recover the same directly from the employer, and in addition thereto, the right to enforce in his own name, in the manner provided in this act, the liability of any insurance company, which may, in whole or in part have insured the liability for such compensation: Provided, however, That payment in whole or in part of such compensation by either the employer or the insurance company, shall, to the extent thereof, be a bar to recovery against the other of the amount so paid: And provided further, That as between the employer and the insurance company, payment by either directly to the employee, or to the person entitled to compensation, shall be subject to the conditions of the insurance contract between them."

SEC. 25. Every contract for the insurance of the compensation herein provided for, or against liability therefor, shall be deemed to be made subject to the provisions of this act, and provisions thereof inconsistent with this act shall be void. No company shall enter into any such contract of insurance unless such company shall have been approved by the commissioner of insurance, as provided by law.

SEC. 26. The making of a lawful claim against an employer for compensation under this act for the injury or death of his employee shall operate as an assignment of any assignable cause of action in tort which the employee or his personal representative may have against any other party for such injury or death, and such employer may enforce in his own name the liability of such other party.

SEC. 27. The board shall cause to be printed and furnished free of charge to any employer or employee such blank forms as it shall deem requisite to facilitate or

promote the efficient administration of this act; it shall provide a proper record book in which shall be entered and indexed the name of every employer who shall file a statement of election under this act, and the date of the filing thereof, and a separate book in which shall be entered and indexed the name of every employer who shall file his withdrawal of such election, and the date of the filing thereof; and a book in which shall be recorded all awards made by the board; and such other books or records as it shall deem required by the proper and efficient administration of this act; all such records to be kept in the office of the board. Upon the filing of a statement of election by an employer to become subject to the provisions of this act, the board shall forthwith cause notice of the fact to be given to his employees, by posting and keeping continuously posted in a public and conspicuous place such notice thereof in the office, shop, or place of business of the employer, or by publishing, or in such other manner as the board shall deem most effective, and the board shall cause notice to be given in like manner of the filing of any withdrawal of such election; but notwithstanding the failure to give, or the insufficiency of, any such notice, knowledge of all filed statements of election and withdrawals of election, and of the time of the filing of the same, shall conclusively be imputed to all employees.

SEC. 28. Nothing in this act contained shall be construed as impairing the right of parties interested, after the injury or death of an employee, to compromise and settle upon such terms as they may agree upon, any liability which may be claimed to exist under this act on account of such injury or death, nor as conferring upon the dependents of any injured employee any interest which he may not divert by such settlement or for which he or his estate shall, in the event of such settlement by him, be accountable to such dependents or any of them.

SEC. 29. The sum of fifty thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the State treasury, not otherwise appropriated, to be used by the industrial accident board in carrying out the purposes of this act, and the controller is hereby directed to draw his warrant on the general fund from time to time in favor of said industrial accident board for the amounts expended under its direction, and the treasurer is hereby authorized and directed to pay the same.

SEC. 30. All acts or parts of acts inconsistent with this act are hereby repealed. SEC. 31. This act shall take effect and be in force on and after the first day of September. A. D. 1911.

KANSAS.

ACT OF MARCH 13, 1911.

SECTION 1. If in any employment to which this act applies, personal injury by accident arising out of and in the course of employment is caused to a workman, his employer shall, subject as hereinafter mentioned, be liable to pay compensation to the workman in accordance with this act. Save as herein provided, no such employer shall be liable for any injury for which compensation is recoverable under this act: Provided, That (a) the employer shall not be liable under this act in respect of any injury which does not disable the workman for a period of at least two weeks from earning full wages at the work at which he is employed; (b) if it is proved that the injury to the workman results from his deliberate intention to cause such injury, or from his willful failure to use a guard or protection against accident required pursuant to any statute and provided for him, or a reasonable and proper guard and protection voluntarily furnished him by said employer, or solely from his deliberate breach of statutory regulations affecting safety of life or limb, or from his intoxication, any compensation in respect to that injury shall be disallowed.

SEC. 2. Where the injury was proximately caused by the individual negligence, either of commission or omission, of the employer, including such negligence of the directors or of any managing officer or managing agent of such employer if a corporation, or of any of the partners if such employer is a partnership, or of any member if such employer is an association, but excluding the negligence of competent employees in the performance of their duties or of the employer's duty delegated to them, the existing liability of the employer shall not be affected by this act, but in such case the injured workman, or if death results from such injury, his dependents as herein defined, if they unanimously agree, otherwise his legal representative, may elect between any right of action against the employer upon such liability and the right to compensation under this act.

SEC. 3. Nothing in this act shall affect the liability of the employer or employee to a fine or penalty under any other statute.

SEC. 4. (a) Where any person (in this section referred to as principal) undertakes to execute any work which is a part of his trade or business or which he has contracted to perform and contracts with any other person (in this section referred to as the

contractor) for the execution by or under the contractor of the whole or any part of the work undertaker by the principal, the principal shall be liable to pay to any workman employed in the execution of the work any compensation under this act which he would have been liable to pay if that workman had been immediately employed by him; and where compensation is claimed from or proceedings are taken against the principal, then, in the application of this act, references to the principal shall be substituted for references to the employer, except that the amount of compensation shall be calculated with reference to the earnings of the workman under the employer by whom he is immediately employed. (b) Where the principal is liable to pay compensation under this section, he shall be entitled to indemnity from any person who would have been liable to pay compensation to the workman independently of this section, and shall have a cause of action therefor. (c) Nothing in this section shall be construed as preventing a workman from recovering compensation under this act from the contractor instead of the principal. (d) This section shall not apply to any case where the accident occurred elsewhere than on or in, or about the premises on which the principal has undertaken to execute work or which are otherwise under his control or managment, or on, in, or about the execution of such work under his control or management. (e) A principal contractor, when sued by a workman of a subcontractor, shall have the right to implead the subcontractor. (f) The principal contractor who pays compensation voluntarily to a workman of a subcontractor shall have the right to recover over against the subcontractor.

SEC. 5. Where the injury for which compensation is payable under this act was caused under circumstances creating a legal liability against some person other than the employer to pay damages in respect thereof. (a) The workman may take proceedings against that person to recover damages and against any person liable to pay compensation under this act for such compensation, but shail not be entitled to recover both damages and compensation; and (b) If the workman has recovered compensation under this act, the person by whom the compensation was paid, or any person who has been called on to indemnify him under the section of this act relating to subcontracting, shall be entitled to indemnity from the person so liable to pay damages as aforesaid, and shall be subrogated to the rights of the workman to recover damages therefor.

SEC. 6. This act shall apply only to employment in the course of the employer's trade or business on, in, or about a railway, factory, mine or quarry, electric, building or engineering work, laundry, natural-gas plant and all employments wherein a process requiring the use of any dangerous explosive or inflammable materials is carried on, which is conducted for the purpose of business, trade or gain; each of which employments is hereby determined to be especially dangerous, in which from the nature, conditions or means of prosecution of the work therein, extraordinary risk to the life and limb of the workman engaged therein are inherent, necessary, or substantially unavoidable, and as to each of which employments it is deemed necessary to establish a new system of compensation for injuries to workmen. This act shall not apply in any case where the accident occurred before this act takes effect, and all rights which have accrued, by reason of any such accident, at the time of the publication of this act, shall be saved the remedies now existing therefor, and the court shall have the same power as to them as if this act had not been enacted.

SEC. 7. This act shall not be construed to apply to business or employments which, according to law, are so engaged in interstate commerce as to be not subject to the legislative power of the State, nor to persons injured while they are so engaged.

SEC. 8. It is hereby determined that the necessity for this law and the reason for its enactment, exist only with regard to employers who employ a considerable number of person's. This act, therefore, shall only apply to employers by whom fifteen or more workmen have been [employed] continuously for more than one month at the time of the accident and who have elected or shall elect before the accident to come within the provision hereof: Provided, however, That employers having less than fifteen workmen may elect to come within the provisions of this act, in which case his employees shall be included herein, as hereinafter provided.

SEC. 9. In this act, unless the context otherwise requires. (a) "Railway" includes street railways and interurbans; and "employment on railways" includes work in depots, power houses, round-houses, machine shops, yards, and upon the right of way, and in the operation of its engines, cars and trains, and to employees of express companies while running on railroad trains. (b) "Factory" means any premises wherein power is used in manufacturing, making, altering, adapting, ornamenting, finishing, repairing or renovating any article or articles for the purpose of trade or gain or of the business carried on therein, including expressly any brickyard, meat-packing house, foundry, smelter, oil refinery, lime-burning plant, steam-heating plant, electric-lighting plant, electric-power plant and water-power plant, powder plant, blast furnace, paper mill, printing plant, flour mill, glass factory, cement plant, artificial-gas plant,

machine or repair shop, salt plant, and chemical-manufacturing plant. (c) "Mine" means any opening in the earth for the purpose of extracting any minerals, and all underground workings, slopes, shafts, galleries and tunnels, and other ways, cuts and openings connected therewith, including those in the course of being opened, sunk or driven; and includes all the appurtenant structures at or about the openings of the mine, and any adjoining adjacent work place where the material from a mine is prepared for use or shipment. (d) "Quarry" means any place, not a mine, where stone, slate, clay, sand, gravel or other solid material is dug or otherwise extracted from the earth for the purpose of trade or bargain or of the employer's trade or business. (e) "Electrical work means any kind of work in or directly connected with the construction, installation, operation, alteration, removal or repair of wires, cables, switchboards or apparatus, used for the transmission of electrical current. (f) "Building work" means any work in the erection, construction, extension, decoration, alteration, repair or demolition of any building or structural appurtenance. (g) "Engineering work" means any work in the construction, alteration, extension, repair or demolition of a railway (as herein before defined) bridge, jetty, dike, dam, reservoir, underground conduit, sewer, oil or gas well, oil tank, gas tank, water tower, or water works (including standpipes or mains) any caisson work or work in artificially compressed air, any work in dredging, pile driving, moving buildings, moving safes, or in laying, repairing or removing, underground pipes and connections, the erection, installing, repairing, or removing of boilers, furnaces, engines and power machinery, (including belting and other connections) and any work in grading or excavating where shoring is necessary or power machinery or blasting powder, dynamite or other high explosives is in use (excluding mining and quarrying). (h) "Employer" includes any person or body of persons corporate or unincorporate, and the legal representatives of a deceased employer or the receiver or trustee of a person, corporation, association or partnership. (i) Workman” means any person who has entered into the employment of or works under contract of service or apprenticeship with an employer, but does not include a person who is employed otherwise than for the purpose of the employer's trade or business. Any reference to a workman who has been injured shall, where the workman is dead, include a reference to his dependents, as hereinafter defined, or to his legal representative, or where he is a minor or incompetent, to his guardian. (j) “Dependents" means such members of the workman's family as were wholly or in part dependent upon the workman at the time of the accident. And "members of a family for the purposes of this act means only widow or husband, as the case may be, and children; or if no widow, husband or children, then parents and grandparents, or if no parents or grandparents, then grandchildren; or if no grandchildren, then brothers and sisters. In the meaning of this section parents include step-parents, children include stepchildren, and grandchildren include stepgrandchildren, and brothers and sisters include stepbrothers and stepsisters, and children and parents include that relation by legal adoption.

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SEC. 10. In case an injured workman is mentally incompetent or a minor, or where death results from the injury, in case any of his dependents as herein defined- is mentally incompetent or a minor, at the time when any right, privilege or election accrues to him under this act, his guardian may, in his behalf, claim and exercise such right, privilege, or election, and no limitation of time, in this act provided for, shall run, so long as such incompetent or minor has no guardian.

SEC. 11. The amount of compensation under this act shall be, (a) Where death results from injury: (1) If the workman leaves any dependents wholly dependent upon his earnings, an amount equal to three times his earnings for the preceding year but not exceeding thirty-six hundred dollars and not less than twelve hundred dollars, provided, such earnings shall be computed upon the basis of the scale which he received or would have been entitled to receive had he been at work, during the thirty days next preceding the accident; and, if the period of the workman's employment by the said employer had been less than one year, then the amount of his earnings during the said year shall be deemed to be fifty-two times his average weekly earnings during the period of his actual employment under said employer: Provided, That the amount of any payments made under this act and any lump sum paid hereunder for such injury from which death may thereafter result shall be deducted from such sum: And provided, however, That if the workman does not leave any dependents, citizens of and residing at the time of the accident in the United States or the Dominion of Canada, the amount of compensation shall not exceed in any case seven hundred and fifty dollars. (2) If the workman does not leave any such dependents, but leaves any dependents in part dependent upon his earnings, such proportion of the amount payable under the foregoing provisions of this section, as may be agreed upon or determined to be proportionate to the injury to the said dependents; and (3) If he leaves no dependents, the reasonable expense of his medical attendance and burial, not exceeding one hundred dollars.

(b) Where total incapacity for work results from injury, periodical payments during such incapacity, commencing at the end of the second week, equal to fifty per cent of his average weekly earnings computed as provided in section 12 but in no case less than six dollars per week or more than fifteen dollars per week. (c) When partial incapacity for work results from injury, periodical payments during such incapacity, commencing at the end of the second week, shall not be less than twenty-five per cent, nor exceed fifty per cent, based upon the average weekly earnings computed as provided in section 12, but in no case less than three dollars per week or more than twelve dollars per week: Provided, however, That if the workman is under twenty-one years of age at the date of the accident and the average weekly earnings are less than $10.00 his compensation shall not be less than seventy-five per cent of his average earnings. No such payment for total or partial disability shall extend over a period exceeding ten years.

SEC. 12. For the purposes of the provisions of this act relating to "earnings" and "average earnings" of a workman, the following rules shall be observed: (a) “Average earnings" shall be computed in such manner as is best calculated to give the average rate per week at which the workman was being remunerated for the 52 weeks prior to the accident: Provided, That where by reason of the shortness of time during which the workman has been in the employment of his employer, or the casual nature or the terms of the employment, it is impracticable to compute the rate of remuneration, regard shall be had to the average weekly amount which, during the twelve months previous to the accident, was being earned by a person in the same grade employed at the same work by the same employer, or, if there is no person employed, by a person in the same grade employed in the same class of employment and in the same district. (b) Where the workman had entered into concurrent contracts of service with two or more employers under which he worked at one time for one such employer and at another time for another such employer, his "earnings" and his "average earnings" shall be computed as if his earnings under all such contracts were earnings in the employment of the employer for whom he was working at the time of the accident. (c) Employment by the same employer shall be taken to mean employment by the same employer in the grade in which the workman was employed at the time of the accident, uninterrupted by his absence of work due to illness or any other unavoidable cause. (d) Where the employer has been accustomed to pay to the workman a sum to cover any special expenses entailed upon him by the nature of his employment, the sum so paid shall not be reckoned as part of the earnings. (e) In fixing the amount of the payment, allowance shall be made for any payment or benefit which the workman may receive from the employer during his period of incapacity. (f) In the case of partial incapacity the payments shall be computed to equal, as closely as possible, fifty per cent of the difference between the amount of the "average earnings" of the workman before the accident, to be computed as herein provided, and the average amount which he is most probably able to earn in some suitable employment or business after the accident, subject however, to the limitations herein before provided.

SEC. 13. The payments shall be made at the same time, place and in the same manner as the wages of the workman were payable at the time of the accident, but a judge of any district court having jurisdiction upon the application of either party may modify such regulation in a particular case as to him may seem just.

SEC. 14. Where death results from the injury and the dependents of the deceased workman as herein defined, have agreed to accept compensation, and the amount of such compensation and the apportionment thereof between them has been agreed to or otherwise determined, the employer may pay such compensation to them accordingly (or to an administrator if one be appointed) and thereupon be discharged from all further liability for the injury. Where only the apportionment of the agreed compensation between the dependents is not agreed to, the employer may pay the amount into any district court having jurisdiction, or to the administrator of the deceased workman, with the same effect. Where the compensation has been so paid into court or to an administrator, the proper court, upon the petition of such adminis trator or any of such dependents, and upon such notice and proof as it may order shall determine the distribution thereof among such dependents. Where there are no dependents, medical and funeral expenses may be paid and distributed in like manner. SEC. 15. The payments due under this act, as well as any judgment obtained thereunder, shall not be assignable or subject to levy, execution or attachment, except for medicine, medical attention and nursing and no claim of any attorney at law for services rendered in securing such indemnity or compensation or judgment shall be an enforceable lien thereon, unless the same has been approved in writing by the judge of the court where said case was tried; but if no trial was had, then by any judge of the district court of this State to whom such matter has been regularly submitted, on due notice to the party or parties in interest of such submission.

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