Statements by-Continued Lioeanjie, Rene C., director, Central and South America, National Lopez, Franklin Delano, chairperson, New Democratic Party of Puerto counsel... Lowenthal, Abraham F., secretary, Latin American Program, Miller, Prof. Donald E.; accompanied by Merle Crouse, Church of Roberts, Maj. Gen. J. Milnor, U.S. Army Reserve, executive director, Rusk, Hon. Dean, former Secretary of State Schlafly, John Fred, chairman, Emergency Task Force on the Panama Tambs, Prof. Lewis A., professor of history, Arizona State University, Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., (ret.) Former Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Thompson, William P., president, National Council of Churches, Williams, Capt. J. R., president, Panama Canal Pilots Association, Zumwalt, Adm. Elmo R., Jr., USN (ret.) Former Chief of Naval Insertions for the record: Page 450 218 119 383 4 494 582 578 519 465 398 566 154 57 350 446 45 Communist support in Panama for Canal treaties (Supplied by State 17 Article from the Christian Science Monitor by James Nelson Goodsell, 44 Biography of Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, USA (ret.). 56 "Canal Treaties: The Maturing of America," article by Arthur Collins, 64 Letter to Patricia T. Fulton, president, Pacific Civic Counsel, from Proposed Joint Resolution of Congress to incorporate the Canal Zone Letter to Senator Howard Baker from Robert M. Bartell, dated 217 Political Facts about Franklin Delano Lopez, chairperson, New Demo- Insertions for the record-Continued Prepared statement of Richard Eisenmann with appendices... Biography of William P. Thompson... "Human Rights Commission Director" Text of cable to be sent by Panamanian Chief of Government Gen. Omar Torrijos to Andres Agiular, Director of Inter-American Human Rights Commission, Letter to Capt. J. R. Williams from John Sparkman, dated October 25, 450 Additional committee questions and responses of Mr. Schlafly.. Dr. Romulo Bethancourt, head of the Panamanian Negotiating Team before the National Assembly of Panama address concerning the "White House Lobbying to Change Opinions on Canal", article by James T. Wooten from the New York Times, October 13, 1977... Biography of Maj. Gen. J. Milnor Roberts, U.S. Army Reserves- Letter to Maj. Gen. J. Milnor Roberts from Gen. L. L. Lemnitzer, dated "278 Generals, Admirals Against Panama Canal Treaties, ROA Survey Appendix-Continued "Canal Diplomacy and U.S. Interests", excerpt from U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, January 1977, Vol. 103/1/887, p. 43, by Page Capt. Paul B. Ryan USN (ret.). Letter to Michael K. Deaver from Senator John Sparkman with Prepared statement of National Coalition of Cuban-Americans_. Letter to Senator John Sparkman from Richard C. Spaulding with Letter to Senator John Sparkman from Frances E. Neely, Friends Letter to Senator John Sparkman from Maj. Gen. Philip D. Shutler, Committee questions submitted to the State Department for coordi- Section-by-section analysis of the Panama Canal Treaty, the Treaty Letter to Hon. John J. Sparkman from Talmage E. Simpkins, execu- 621 630 636 637 639 640 640 642 643 643 670 670 689 721 722 PANAMA CANAL TREATIES MONDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1977 UNITED STATES SENATE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, Washington, D.C. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:40 a.m., in room 318, Russell Senate Office Building, Hon. John Sparkman (chairman of the committee) presiding. Present: Senators Sparkman, Church, Pell, Glenn, Sarbanes, Case, Percy, Griffin, and Baker. The CHAIRMAN. Let the committee come to order, please. According to our poll, we are going to have a very good attendance this morning. I see that 10 Senators will be here and 3 additional Senators may be able to come. I think we had better get started, however. Senator Glenn, I was almost going to say that I thought we had an unbalanced line to the left, but I will not say that now that you are here. I am glad you could come this morning. OPENING STATEMENT The Committee on Foreign Relations is meeting this morning to continue its consideration of the proposed Panama Canal treaties. Throughout this week, in fact, every day this week, we will take testimony from a variety of experts and public witnesses on these agreements. To start the hearing process this morning we are pleased and honored to have with us three retired military officers who have served their country at the highest level. We will hear from them individually, beginning with former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, who, if I may interpolate, is my fellow Alabamian. Following Admiral Moorer's testimony we will ask the former Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. Elmo R. Zumwalt, to present his views to the committee. Last, but by no means least, we have another former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs, Gen. Maxwell Taylor. After hearing from our military experts the committee will take testimony from a panel of four American citizens who are residents of the Canal Zone. These individuals represent several civic groups in the Canal Zone. We look forward to hearing from them. May we begin with Admiral Moorer. I will ask him if any of his colleagues who wrote to President Carter on June 8 objecting to the Panama Canal agreements are with him this morning. I want the record to show that an invitation was extended to each one of them, either directly by the committee or through Admiral Moorer. Admiral Moorer, we welcome you to the witness stand. We will be very glad to hear from you. But first, I would ask our Senators if any of them has an opening statement or other remarks at this time. Senator Percy? Senator PERCY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would like to make just one brief comment. COMMENT BY SENATOR PERCY I have explained to Admiral Moorer that a few of us have other hearings which we must attend this morning. The suggestion was made over the weekend by Senator Church that the members of this committee go to Panama. I would hope we could go. It has been many years since I was down there, and I was not there for the purpose we now have in mind. Certainly I think we are all agreed at this stage-Strom Thurmond expressed this, too, in his very eloquent testimony-that we cannot live with the 1903 treaty, that we cannot hold the Panamanians to that outdated instrument. We cannot live without disruption down there and assure security for the canal if we hold them to an agreement that in the light of today's circumstances is unrealistic and unfair. I think there is some agreement among the members of this committee, also, that the ambiguities in our present treaties must be cleared up. We cannot possibly enter into a new covenant and risk a misunderstanding on both sides as to what we really mean by the language which we have signed. Everyone admits now that there are ambiguities that must be clarified. I think Senator Church's suggestion is an excellent one, that members of this committee, who have the responsibility for making a recommendation to the Senate, should hear firsthand from the Panamanians, from the Panamanian Government, and those who negotiated the treaties. Once we finish our hearings here, we should see firsthand down there what the conditions are and talk to the people right on the scene. I cannot speak for all of the minority, but I think it would be good to try to make ourselves available on a very high priority basis after the Congress adjourns. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Senator BAKER. Mr. Chairman, would you yield to me for a moment on that point? The CHAIRMAN. Senator Baker. COMMITTEE TRADITION OF NOT HEARING FOREIGN WITNESSES Senator BAKER. I was much taken with Senator Church's suggestion, as you were, Senator Percy, indeed as I was with Senator Church's entire presentation on television yesterday. It was thoughtful and it was thorough, as I would expect from him. Mr. Chairman, I was wondering if we were to accept the suggestion by Senator Church that hearings be held in the Canal Zone, would we |