The Organization of Life: A Revaluation of Evidence Relative to the Primary Factors in the Activity and Evolution of Living Organisms, Including a Factorial Analysis of Human Behavior and ExperienceThomas Y. Crowell Company, 1925 - 470 páginas |
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action active adaptations analysis animal anti-Lamarckian hypotheses apply assumed assumption behavior body capacity categories of factors causal changes chemical processes colloidal commensal complex conclusions consciousness considered constitute coördinated correlated cottony cushion scales criticism determine doctrine empiricism entelechy entities environment environmental evidence evolution external fact functional activity genesis germ cells germ-plasm germinal hypothesis given hereditary modifications hereditary variations heredity human Ibid ical implied induced inorganic instincts interpretation involved Lamarck Lamarckian hypothesis logical matter and energy mental processes nature neo-realistic nervous system organizatory factors orthogenesis parallel induction parasitic phylogenesis physical and chemical physical objects physicochemical processes physiological present problems properties psychical question reactions reference relations representative rôle sensations sense sensory elements sensory experience sensory qualities somatic somatic responses sort specific features stimuli structures sub-mental sub-physical substances theory therein thereof tions tissues tropisms types validity various vital factors vital phenomena vitalistic Yucca moth
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Página 160 - The production of a new organ in an animal body, results from the supervention of a new want (besoin) continuing to make itself felt, and a new movement which this want gives birth to and encourages. 3. — "The development of organs and their force of action are constantly in ratio to the employment of these organs.
Página 401 - Anthophora, in such a way that it could at the same time feed itself, maintain itself at the surface of the honey, and also suppress the rival that otherwise would have come out of the egg. And equally all this happens as if the Sitaris itself knew that its larva would know all these things. The knowledge, if knowledge there be, is only implicit. It is reflected outwardly in exact movements instead of being reflected inwardly in consciousness.
Página 206 - The emergence of a new quality from any level of existence means that at that level there comes into being a certain constellation or collocation of the motions belonging to that level, and possessing the quality appropriate to it, and this collocation possesses a new quality distinctive of the higher complex.
Página 68 - For twenty minutes it sat on the spot where its eyes had been unveiled without attempting to walk a step. It was then placed on rough ground within sight and call of a hen with a brood of its own age. After standing chirping for about a minute, it started off towards the...
Página 91 - In the multicellular animal, especially for those higher reactions which constitute its behaviour as a social unit in the natural economy, it is nervous reaction which par excellence integrates it, welds it together from its components, and constitutes it from a mere collection of organs an animal individual.
Página 400 - So we come back, by a somewhat roundabout way, to the idea we started from, that of an original impetus of life, passing from one generation of germs to the following generation of germs through the developed organisms which bridge the interval between the generations.
Página 315 - The restlessness which accompanies the condition of starvation makes the animal leave the top of the branches and creep downward — which is the only direction open to it — where it finds new young leaves on which it can feed. The wonderful hereditary instinct upon which the life of the animal depends is its positive heliotropism in the unfed condition and the loss of this heliotropism after having eaten.
Página 315 - ... close behind them. They are slaves of the light. The few young leaves on top of a twig are quickly eaten by the caterpillar. The light, which saved its life by making it creep upward where it finds food, would cause it to starve could it not free itself from the bondage of positive heliotropism.
Página 101 - This is improbable. The nervous system functions as a whole. Physiological and histological analysis finds it connected throughout its whole extent. Donaldson opens his description of it with the remark: " A group of nerve-cells disconnected from the other nerve-tissues of the body, as muscles and glands are disconnected from each other, would be without physiological signif1cance." A reflex reaction, even in a
Página 91 - ... limited surface of the body are made serviceable for the life of every living unit in the body. By the blood the excess of heat produced in one set of organs is brought to redress the loss of heat in others; and so on. But the integrative action of the nervous system is different from these, in that its agent is not mere intercellular material, as in connective tissue, nor the transference of material in mass, as by the circulation ; it works through living lines of stationary , \ cells along...