entitled to remain in the United States, and required Chinese laborers, already in this country, to secure certificates of residence from Collectors of Internal Revenue, within a year, on penalty of deportation.

Two Executive Acts of this Administration were of interest. The Edmunds Law for punishing polygamy had been enforced with a good deal of rigor against the Mormons in Utah, and under its provisions, in the course of two years, 12,000 persons were disfranchised, though monogamous, as well as polygamous Mormons made common cause against the law, and Southern members of Congress opposed it as unconstitutional, impolitic and sectional. Test cases were made under the Law, and in 1890 the Supreme Court rendered two decisions sustaining its constitutionality. This was followed by a general promise to obey the law in the future, and a petition for amnesty for past offenses. January 4, 1893, President Harrison granted a fuli amnesty and pardon to all persons liable to the penalties of the Act "by reason of unlawful cohabitation under the color of polygamous or plural marriages, who had, since November 1, 1890, abstained from such unlawful cohabitation; but upon the express condition that they should, in the future, faithfully obey the laws of the United States hereinbefore named."

By a bloodless revolution in the Hawaiian Islands in January, 1893, the Queen, Liliuokalani, who was in ill-favor with many of her native subjects, as well as with the foreign residents, was deposed, a Committee of Safety organized a new Government, and concluded a treaty annexing the islands to the United States. The treaty provided for the assumption by the United States of the Hawaiian debt, and for the payment of $20,000 a year to the dethroned Queen, and $150,000 in a gross sum to Princess Kaiulani. The President sent the treaty to the Senate, with his approval, but that body had not acted upon it when its term and that of the Administration ended. President Cleveland withdrew the treaty, soon after his inauguration, thus initiating the work, which occupied a large share of the time of his second Administration, of undoing the good which his predecessor had done.'

XXXIII.

THE CAMPAIGN OF 1892.

Hard Work for Minneapolis as the Place of Gathering for the Republican Convention-A Stirring and Comprehensive PlatformRecognition of Woman's Aid in the Campaign-Harrison in the Lead for the Nomination-Blaine's Name Presented at the Last -Three Unwonted Demonstrations at the Convention-Harrison and Reid Nominated-The Democratic Convention and the Campaign-An Unexpectedly Sweeping Triumph for Cleveland and His Party.

The Exposition held in Minneapolis in 1886 brought about the erection of a large hall, ample for the needs of a National Convention, and some effort was made to secure the Republican gathering for 1888 in that hall. The City received but a small vote at that time, but was first in the field for the next Convention. It was represented before the National Committee by a capable and hustling committee of citizens, who had already flooded the country with literature showing the attractions of the City, and who urged the political advantages to the Northwest of holding the Convention there, and offered a guarantee fund of $50,000 to cover the expenses of the gathering. New York, Omaha, Cincinnati and San Francisco were actively in the field, and on the first two ballots in the National Committee there were a few scattering votes for other cities. But Minneapolis led from the start, and on the eighth ballot carried its point, having 29 votes to 3 for New York and 15 for Cincinnati.

The Convention met on Tuesday, June 7, with Hon. J. Sloat Fassett, of New York, as temporary President. Mr. Fassett was one of the prominent young men of the day, who had gained a high repu tation in the New York State Senate, and won the good will of the Convention by an earnest and enthusiastic speech on the past and future of the party, with eloquent references to a number of its heroes, dead and living. The first day's session was very brief. The

second day was occupied chiefly with the designation of the permanent officers, William McKinley, of Ohio, being permanent President, and with the consideration of the rules. Only two modifications were made in these, one adopting the rules of the House of Representa tives of the Fifty-first Congress and the second providing that it should be in order to lay on the table a proposed amendment to a pending measure, and that such motion, if adopted, should not carry with or prejudice such measure. The first rule was supported by the Committee, by reference to the efficiency of the Reed rules in enabling a small majority in Congress, to carry through important legislation.

Arguments and votes over contested seats in the Convention occupied the whole of the third day until late in the evening, when the following platform was reported and adopted:

The representatives of the Republicans of the United States assembled in general Convention on the shores of the Mississippi River, the everlasting bond of an indestructible Republic, whose most glorious chapter of history is the record of the Republican party, congratulate their countrymen on the majestic march of the Nation under the banners inscribed with the principles of our platform of 1888, vindicated by victory at the polls and prosperity in our fields, workshops and mines, and make the following declaration of principles:

We reaffirm the American doctrine of protection. We call atten tion to its growth abroad. We maintain that the prosperous condition of our country is largely due to the wise revenue legislation of the last Republican Congress. We believe that all articles which cannot be produced in the United States, except luxuries, should be admitted free of duty, and that on all imports coming into competition with the products of American labor there should be levied duties equal to the difference between wages abroad and at home.

We assert that prices of manufactured articles of general consumption have been reduced under the operations of the Tariff Act of 1890.

We denounce the efforts of the Democratic majority of the House of Representatives to destroy our tariff laws by piecemeal, as mani fested by their attacks upon wool, lead and lead ores, the chief products of a number of States, and we ask the people for their judgment thereon.

We point to the success of the Republican policy of reciprocity, under which our export trade has vastly increased, and new and enlarged markets have been opened for the products of our farms and workshops. We remind the people of the bitter opposition of the

Democratic party to this practical business measure, and claim that, executed by a Republican Administration, our present laws will eventually give us control of the trade of the world.

The American people, from tradition and interest, favor bimetallism, and the Republican party demands the use of both gold and silver as standard money, with such restrictions and under such provisions, to be determined by legislation, as will secure the mainte nance of the parity of values of the two metals, so that the purchasing and debt-paying power of the dollar, whether of silver, gold or paper, shall be at all times equal. The interests of the producers of the country, its farmers and its workingmen, demand that every dollar, paper or coin, issued by the Government shall be as good as any other. We commend the wise and patriotic steps already taken by our Government to secure an international conference to adopt such measures as will insure a parity of value between gold and silver for use as money throughout the world.

We demand that every citizen of the United States shall be allowed to cast one free and unrestricted ballot in all public elections, and that such ballot shall be counted and returned as cast; that such laws shall be enacted and enforced as will secure to every citizen, be he rich or poor, native or foreign-born, white or black, this sovereign right guaranteed by the Constitution. The free and popular honest ballot, the just and equal representation of all the people, as well as their just and equal protection under the laws, are the foundation of our Republican institutions, and the party will never relax its efforts until the integrity of the ballot and the purity of elections shall be fully guaranteed and protected in every State.

We denounce the continued inhuman outrages perpetrated upon American citizens for political reasons in certain Southern States of the Union.

We favor the extension of our foreign commerce, the restoration of our mercantile marine by home-built ships, and the creation of a navy for the protection of our National interests and the honor of our flag; the maintenance of the most friendly relations with all foreign powers; entangling alliances with none, and the protection. of the rights of our fishermen.

We reaffirm our approval of the Monroe doctrine and believe in the achievement of the manifest destiny of the Republic in its broadest sense.

We favor the enactment of more stringent laws and regulations for the restriction of criminal, pauper and contract immigration.

We favor efficient legislation by Congress to protect the life and limbs of employes of transportation companies engaged in carrying on interstate commerce, and recommend legislation by the respective states that will protect employes engaged in state commerce, in mining and manufacturing.

The Republican party has always been the champion of the oppressed, and recognizes the dignity of manhood, irrespective of faith, color, or nationality. It sympathizes with the cause of home rule in Ireland, and protests against the persecution of the Jews in Russia.

The ultimate reliance of free popular government is the intelligence of the people and the maintenance of freedom among all men. We therefore declare anew our devotion to liberty of thought and conscience, of speech and press, and approve all agencies and instrumentalities which contribute to the education of the children of the land; but while insisting upon the fullest measure of religious liberty, we are opposed to any union of Church and State.

We affirm our opposition, declared in the Republican platform of 1888, to all combinations of capital organized in trusts or otherwise, to control arbitrarily the condition of trade among our citizens. We heartily indorse the action already taken upon this subject, and ask for such further legislation as may be required to remedy any defects in existing laws and render their enforcement more complete and effective.

We approve the policy of extending to towns, villages and rural communities the advantages of the free-delivery service now enjoyed by the larger cities of the country, and reaffirm the declaration contained in the Republican platform of 1888, pledging the reduction of letter postage to one cent at the earliest possible moment consistent with the maintenance of the Post Office Department and the highest class of postal service.

We commend the spirit and evidence of reform in the Civil Service, and the wise and consistent enforcement by the Republican party of the laws regulating the same.

The construction of the Nicaragua Canal is of the highest impor tance to the American people as a measure of defense and to build up and maintain American commerce, and it should be controlled by the United States Government.

We favor the admission of the remaining territories at the earliest possible date, having due regard to the interests of the people of the territories and of the United States.

All the Federal officers appointed for the territories should be selected from bona fide residents thereof, and the right of self-govern ment should be accorded as far as practicable.

We favor cession, subject to the homestead laws, of the arid public lands to the states and territories in which they lie, under such Congressional restrictions as to disposition, reclamation, and occupancy by settlers as will secure the maximum benfits to the people.

The World's Columbian Exposition is a great national undertaking, and Congress should promptly enact such reasonable legislation in aid thereof as will insure a discharging of the expense and obliga