the Republicans confidence that they could carry Indiana in November. Ohio, with only minor State officers in the field, gave about 14,000 Republican majority. In Pennsylvania, General John F. Hartranft, Republican candidate for Governor, was bitterly opposed by the Philadelphia Press, the best-known Republican paper in the State, and some apprehensions were felt on account of this raid upon him. But his majority was over 35,000, and this gave assurance of a much larger majority for Grant in November. From this time on it was a landslide, and in many of the states the Republican majorities were the largest ever given to any party. An analysis of the vote shows that Greeley did not win a great many Republicans, and that he could not hold the Democrats. The total vote was: Grant and Wilson Greeley and Brown. 3,597,070 2,834,079 29,489 5,608 As compared with 1868 this shows a Republican gain of 582,000 votes, while the vote given Greeley by the Liberal Republicans and Democrats combined was only 124,466 in excess of that given for Seymour by the Democrats alone four years earlier. As far as popular majority went, it was the most sweeping victory in the history of the country. The largest Republican majority in any State was Pennsylvania with 137,538, and the following all gave more than 50,000: Massachusetts, 74,212; Iowa, 60,370; Michigan, 59,179; Illinois, 57,006; New York, 53,445. Greeley carried only the six Southern states of Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Tennessee and Texas, with 66 electoral votes; while Grant had 286 electoral votes. Greeley did not long survive. The last days of the canvass he occupied in nursing his dying wife. After election, it is said, he wrote, over his own initials, some comment on the canvass, and left it with the acting editor of the Tribune, but it did not appear, as the editor did not think it prudent to publish it. Worn out with the fatigues of the canvass and the sick room, subjected to an unexpected and most humiliating defeat, stricken with grief at the loss of his wife, and denied free access, to the paper which he had himself founded, Mr. Greeley died on the 29th of November, a broken-hearted man. On account of his death the electoral vote belonging to him was scattered as appears in the following statement: The following was the vote for Vice President, as cast by the During Grant's second term Congress was divided politically as follows: Forty-third Congress. Senate Republicans, 54; Democrats, 19. Forty-fourth Congress. Senate Republicans, 46; Democrats, 29. House-Republicans, 107; Democrats, 181; Independents, 3. In Michigan interest was added to the canvass by the fact that the Democrats not only accepted an old Republican as their candidate for President, but also took the Republican War Governor as the head of their State ticket. The Presidential vote was as follows: Grant and Wilson.. Greeley and Brown.. 136,199 77,020 2,861 1,271 The Presidential electors were: At Large-Eber B. Ward, William A. Howard. By Districts in their order-Herman Kiefer, Frederick Waldorf, James O'Donnell, Lawson A. Duncan, Alonzo Sessions, Samuel G. Ives, John L. Woods, Charles L. Ortman, John F. Brown. The vote for Governor was: John J. Bagley, Republican.. Austin Blair, Liberal Republican... William M. Ferry, Straight Democrat 137,602 80,958 2.720 1,272 The total vote for Governor was 5,201 in excess of that for Presi dent, showing that many Democrats and some Republicans who were so dissatisfied with the Presidential nominations that they did not vote at all on that office, did take interest enough in the State ticket to vote for that. The vote for Governor two years earlier was: For Henry P. Baldwin, Republican, 100,176; Charles C. Comstock, 83,391, and Henry Fish, Prohibition, 2,710, a total vote of 186,277. In 1870, the Democrats had, for the first time in eight years, elected a member of Congress, Jabez G. Sutherland, of Saginaw, and the Legislature chosen at that time, had, after an exciting contest, chosen Thomas W. Ferry United States Senator. The election of 1872 again gave Michigan a solid Republican delegation in Congress as follows: Josiah W. Begole, Nathan B. Bradley, Julius C. Burrows, Omar D. Conger, Moses W. Field, Wilder D. Foster, Jay A. Hubbell, Henry Waldron and George Willard. Upon the death of Mr. Foster, in 1873, William B. Williams, of Allegan, was chosen to fill the vacancy. XXII. TWO YEARS OF DISASTER. The Civil Rights Question-Reference to the San Domingo AffairRepeal of the Salary Grab-Important Financial Measures-The Senate Currency Bill-Passage of the Resumption Act as a Party Measure Supplementary Civil Rights Bill Passed-Various Constitutional Amendments Proposed-The Panic of 1873 and the Depression That Followed-Disastrous Political EffectsThe Elections Give Democrats a Large Majority in the House-_ Changes in Many Northern States. President Grant's second inaugural address, March 4, 1873, laid particular stress upon two topics. The first was the enlargement of the civil rights of the colored people, concerning which he said: "The effects of the late civil strife have been to free the slave and make him a citizen. He is not possessed of the civil rights which citizenship should carry with it. This is wrong and should be corrected. To this correction I stand committed, so far as Executive influence can prevail. Social equality is not a subject to be legislated upon, nor shall I ask that anything be done to advance the social status of the colored man, except to give him a fair chance to develop what there is good in him. Give him access to schools, and when he travels let him feel assured that his conduct will regulate the treatment and fare he will receive." In his message to Congress in 1873, he repeated the recommendation in this form: "I suggest for your consideration the enactment of a law to better secure the civil rights which freedom should secure, but has not effectually secured, to the enfranchised slaves." The second subject to which he specially referred was the San Domingo annexation, for which he still possessed an earnest desire. Upon this he said: "In the first year of the past Administration, the proposition came up for the admission of Santo Domingo as a Territory of the Union. It was not a question of my seeking, but was a proposition from the people of Santo Domingo, and which I enter tained. I believe now, as I did then, that it was for the best interests of this country, for the people of Santo Domingo, and for all concerned, that the proposition should be received favorably. was, however, rejected constitutionally, and therefore the subject was never brought up again by me. In future, while I hold my present office, the subject of acquisition of territory must have the support of the people before I will recommend any proposition looking to such acquisition. I say here, however, that I do not share in the apprehension held by many as to the danger of governments becoming weakened and destroyed by reason of their extension of territory." In his message on December 1, 1873, the President transmitted for the consideration and determination of Congress an application of Santo Domingo to this Government, to exercise a protectorate over that Republic. This was the last of the Santo Domingo affair, as Congress took no further action on the subject. President Grant's second Cabinet was as follows: Secretary of State-Hamilton Fish, of New York, Secretary of the Treasury-William H. Richardson, of Massachusetts, till June 4, 1874, when he resigned to go upon the Court of Claims, and was succeeded by Benjamin H. Bristow, of Kentucky. Secretary of War-William W. Belknap, of Iowa. Secretary of the Navy-George M. Robeson, of New Jersey. Postmaster General-John A. J. Creswell, of Maryland, till July 1, 1874, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Marshall Jewell, of Connecticut. Attorney General-George H. Williams, of Oregon. Public indignation at the Act increasing the salaries of the members, officers and clerks of the two Houses of Congress had cut so much of a figure in the Congressional nominations of 1872 that the Forty-third Congress hastened to repeal it. It also passed, at its first session, a bill providing for the distribution of moneys received on the Alabama award, and one repealing moieties, commissions and perquisites to Custom House officers, the giving of which had led to some abuses. The only Act of real importance passed at this session was known to the newspapers and almanacs as the "Dawes Compromise Bank Note Redemption, Inflation and Redistribution Bill." This subject came before the House, January 29, in the form of what was known as the House Currency Bill and before the Senate in the |