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with it. In fact a number of radical Senators said at the time that he did not. The Senate elects its own committees, and Senator Edmunds declared that in Mr. Sumner's case it was merely a question "whether the Senate of the United States and the Republican party are quite ready to sacrifice their sense of duty to the whims of one single man, whether he comes from New England, or from Illinois. or from anywhere else."

Of Mr. Sumner's removal Ex-Secretary Boutwell gave the following account in a reminiscent article in McClure's Magazine for February, 1900"Mr. Sumner's removal was due to the fact that a time came when he did not recognize the President, and when he declined to have any intercourse with the Secretary of State outside of official business. Such a condition of affairs is always a hindrance in the way of good government, and it may become an obstacle to success. Good government can be secured only through conferences with those who are responsible, by conciliation, and not infrequently by concessions to those who are of adverse opinions. The time came when such a condition was no longer possible between Mr. Sumner and the Secretary of State. The President and his Cabinet were in accord in regard to the controversy with Great Britain as to the Alabama claims. Mr. Sumner advocated a more exacting policy. Mr. Motley appeared to be following Mr. Sumner's lead, and the opposition to Mr. Sumner extended to Mr. Motley. When we consider the natures and the training of the two men, it is not easy to imagine agreeable co-operation in public affairs by Mr. Sumner and General Grant. Mr. Sumner never believed in General Grant's fitness for the office of President, and General Grant did not recognize in Mr. Sumner a wise and safe leader in the business of Government. General Grant's notion of Mr. Sumner, on one side of his character, may be inferred from his answer when, being asked if he had heard Mr. Sumner converse, he said: 'No, but I have heard him lecture.'”

XX.

THE FIFTH REPUBLICAN CONVENTION.

The Nomination for President Determined Beforehand A Large Amount of Speechmaking of a High Order-President Grant Unanimously Renominated-A Scene of the Wildest Enthusiasm -Numerous Candidates for Vice-President-Henry Wilson Receives the Nomination on the First Ballot-The Work of Newspaper Correspondents-A Long Platform Covering a Variety of Subjects-Strong Commendation of the Candidates -Modest Letters of Acceptance.

In accordance with their practice of making nominations early in the season, the Republicans opened their fifth National Convention in the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, June 5, 1872, Morton McMichael, of that City, being temporary Chairman. As in 1868 the nomination for President was decided beforehand, and the Convention lacked the interest that centers about a close contest for that position. It contained in its membership a large number of the most prominent men in the party.

The following was the Michigan delegation: At Large-Eber B. Ward, George Willard, William A. Howard, Perry Hannah. By Districts (1) Newell Avery, John Greusel; (2) Nathan N. Kendall, Rice A. Beal; (3) Harvey Bush, J. C. Fitzgerald; (4) George S. Clapp, James H. Stone; (5) Benjamin D. Pritchard, H. A. Norton; (6) Josiah L. Begole, Daniel L. Crossman; (7) Ezra Hazen, Benjamin W. Huston; (8) Charles S. Draper, James Birney; (9) B. F. Rogers, J. F. Brown.

Although there was no contest over the nomination for Presi dent there was a greater display of enthusiasm than in 1868, and there was a great deal of speechmaking and of an unusually high order. In the interval between the appointment of committees and the first report, rattling speeches were made by General Logan, who was then in the United States Senate; Gerritt Smith, of New York, one of the original Abolitionists; Senator Morton, of Indiana, who was

always eloquent and always welcome; Governor James L. Orr, of South Carolina; Governor Oglesby, of Illinois; William H. Grey, of Arkansas; Congressman R. B. Elliott, a colored delegate from South Carolina, and James H. Harris, a colored delegate from North Carolina. After the permanent organization the following also responded to calls for remarks: General George W. Carter, who commanded a Southern brigade during the Rebellion; Paul Strobach, a German delegate from Alabama; Emory A. Storrs, one of the most eloquent orators in Illinois; Ex-Senator Henderson, of Missouri; "the

HENRY WILSON.

eloquent colored Secretary of State from Mississippi, James R. Lynch," Governor E. F. Noyes, of Ohio.

As in 1868 the Convention was in a hurry to nominate Grant, and contrary to the usual custom nominations were placed in the order of business before the report of the Committee on Resolutions. Shelby M. Cullom, of Illinois, made the brief nominating speech as follows: "On behalf of the great Republican party of Illi nois, and that of the Union, in the name of

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liberty, of loyalty, of justice and of law-in the interest of economy, of good government, of peace, and of the equal rights of all-remenbering with profound gratitude his glorious achievements in the field and his noble statesmanship as Chief Magistrate of this great Nation -I nominate as President of the United States, for a second term, Ulysses S. Grant."

The official report of the Convention thus describes the recep tion of the nomination: "A scene of the wildest excitement followed this speech. The spacious Academy was crowded with thousands

of spectators in every part, and on the stage, in the parquet, and in tier upon tier of galleries, arose deafening, prolonged, tumultuous cheers, swelling from pit to dome. A perfect wilderness of hats, caps and handkerchiefs waved to and fro in a surging mass, as three times three reverberated from the thousands of voices. The band appeared to catch the prevailing enthusiasm, and waved their instruments as though they had been flags. Amid cries of 'Music! Music! they struck up Hail to the Chief.' As the majestic strains. of this music came floating down from the balcony, a life size equestrian portrait of Grant came down as if by magic, filling the entire space of the back scene, and the enthusiasm knew no bounds."

General Stewart L. Woodford, of New York, and M. D. Boruck, of California, seconded the nomination, the roll was called and announcement made that Ulysses S. Grant had received the entire vote of the Convention, 752 votes. Tumultuous cheering again burst from the immense audience. The band, at this announcement, played the air of a "Grant Campaign Song," the tenor of which was sung by a gentleman standing among the instruments, and the chorus by a large choir of gentlemen. The first verse and chorus were as follows:

Rally round our leaders, men,
We're arming for the fight,
We'll raise our glorious standard
And battle for the right;
To swell our gallant army,
Come from hill and plain,
Grant shall win the victory
For President again.

Chorus-Let the drum and bugle sound,
We'll march to meet the foe;

Let our joyous shouts resound
That all the land may know,

The sons of freedom in their might,
Have come from hill and plain,

To make the brave Ulysses

Our President again.

When this was concluded, a cry went from the multitude “John Brown." The band struck up the familiar, electrifying strains, and the whole concourse rose as one mass. From the parquet to the upper tier, the vast multitude stood up and rolled out the old hymn of freedom. There was scarcely a dry eye in the great assemblage

and there was not a heart that was not thrilled with the sublimity of the moment. When this song was at last finished, the cry came for "Rally Round the Flag," and the air of that battle song was given by the band, the whole audience singing the words with the same fervor with which the hymn had been rendered. This concluded, the band gave "Yankee Doodle," in the midst of tumultuous cheers.

Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts, was placed in nomination for Vice-President by Morton McMichael, of Pennsylvania, who was supported by Dr. George B. Loring, of Massachusetts; Ossian Ray, of New Hampshire; Gerritt Smith, of New York; J. F. Quarles, of Georgia; Governor E. F. Noyes, of Ohio, and Governor Powell Clayton, of Arkansas. The name of Schuyler Colfax was presented by Richard W. Thompson, of Indiana, and supported by William A. Howard, of Michigan; James R. Lynch, of Mississippi, and Cortlandt Parker, of New Jersey. Virginia, through James B. Sener, presented the name of John F. Lewis; Webster Flannagan, of Texas, presented the name of Governor E. J. Davis, of the same State, and David A. Nunn, of Tennessee, nominated Horace Maynard. At the conclusion of the roll call, the first ballot stood as follows:

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Before the result was announced twenty of the twenty-two Virginia delegates changed from Colfax to Wilson. The Georgia delegation had voted sixteen for Wilson and six for Colfax. The latter now changed to Wilson. Nine of the ten votes from West Virginia did the same, making Wilson's vote 3992, a majority of all, and Colfax 306. Others of the scattering votes went to Wilson and finally his nomination was, on motion of Henry S. Lane, speaking in behalf of the entire Indiana delegation, made unanimous.

Mr. Colfax did not know, at the time, exactly what it was that defeated him. One reason of his turning down was that early in the year he had written a letter, announcing that he should not be a candidate for renomination, but had afterwards changed his mind,

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