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Grecian Shoals. 9. French Reef. 10. Pickle Reef. 11. Conch Reef. 12. Crocus Reef 13. Alligator Reef. 14. The Washerwoman Shoal. 15. The American Shoals, near Key West.

One of the most experienced navigators of this coast, Captain Rollins, of the Isabel, who passes along the reef four times monthly, has already appreciated and handsomely acknowledged the aid of these signals.

The points have been designated, and the erection of the signals directed by Lieutenant James Totten, United States Army, assistant in the Coast-Survey.

ELECTRICITY APPLIED TO THE CAPTURE OF THE WHALE.

The New Bedford Mercury gives an account of some interesting experiments, illus trating the effect of electricity to facilitate the capture of the whale. The most prominent features of this new method are thus described :

"Every whale at the moment of being struck with the harpoon is rendered powerless, as by stroke of lightning, and therefore his subsequent escape or loss, except by sinking, is wholly impracticable; and the process of lancing and securing him, is entirely unattended with danger. The arduous labor involved in a long chase in the capture of the whale, is suspended, and consequently the inconvenience and danger of the boats loosing sight of or becoming separated from the ship, is avoided. One or two boats only would be required to be lowered at a time, and therefore a less number both of officers and seamen than heretofore employed, would be ample for the purposes of the voyage.

"The electricity is conveyed to the body of the whale from an electric galvanic battery contained in the boat, by means of a metallic wire attached to the harpoon, and so arranged as to reconduct the electro current from the whale through the sea to the machine. The machine itself is simple and compact in construction, inclosed in a strong chest weighing about 350 pounds, and occupying a space in the boat of about three and a half feet long by two in width, and the same in hight. It is capable of throwing into the body of the whale eight tremendous strokes of electricity in a second, or 950 strokes in a minute, paralyzing in an instant the muscles of the whale, and depriving it of all power of motion, if not actually of life."

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Pursuant to a new regulation of the Prussian Government, dated 2d of March, all ships bound for Stettin can be cleared at Swienemunde on and after the 1st of May, under sail, and without any detention, if provided with a double set of manifests, containing as follows:

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THE DIFFERENCES OF LONGITUDE OF SAVANNAH.

The Superintendent of the United States coast survey reports to the Secretary of the Treasury under date, Coast Survey Office, May 11th, 1352, that from the preliminary computations of Assistant L. F. Pourtales, combined with previous results obtained by Assistant S. C. Walker, the differences of longitude of Savannah, Georgia, (the cupola of the Exchange,) Charleston, South Carolina, (Professor Gibb's Observatory,) Washington, D. C., (Seaton station of the coast survey,) and Greenwich, England. The differences between Savannah, Charleston, and Washington, rest entirely upon telegraphic determinations.

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DEAF, DUMB, BLIND, INSANE, AND IDIOTIC POPULATION OF THE U. STATES.

TABULAR STATEMENT OF DEAF AND DUMB, BLIND, INSANE, IDIOTIC, RETURNED BY THE SEVENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES.

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POPULATION OF FRANCE.

129

From the official report published in the Paris Moniteur of the 14th ult., we learn that the population of France in 1851, was 35,781,821. In France the census is taken every five years, and we may refer to the last eight enumerations as the best possible indication of the progress of the country during the half century :

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Population.

1801......

27,349,003

1806....

29,107,425

1821.......

30,461,875

1831........

32,569,223

Increase.

1836..

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1,354,450

1846....

2,107,348

1851...

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The great falling off in the ratio of increase during the last five years, is no doubt attributable, partly to the political troubles which have driven so many French citizens abroad, and partly to the ravages of the cholera in 1849. But the births during 1846 and 1831 exceeded the deaths to the number of 512,000, so that the decrease must chiefly have been owing to emigration. One department les Basses-Pyrenees, has lost 11,000 inhabitants by this cause alone.

STATISTICS OF BRITISH EMIGRANT VESSELS.

A very interesting return to the British House of Commons has been printed, showing the number of passenger ships which have sailed from ports in the United Kingdom with emigrants on board during the last five years, distinguishing the ports under the superintendence of an emigration office, and showing the number of such ships which have been wrecked, or destroyed at sea, and the number of lives so lost. It appears that from 1847 to 1851 inclusive, the number of emigrant vessels that sailed from ports in the United Kingdom was 7,129, of which 252 were chartered by the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioner, of which there was only one wreck. The per centage of loss was .396, or 1 in 252. Of ships dispatched from ports under the superintendence of government emigration offices there were 5,964, out of which there were 30 wrecks, and the per centage of loss was .503, or one in 199. There were 913 dispatched from ports not under the superintendence of government emigration offices, of which there were 13 wrecks, and the loss was 1.42 per centage, or I in 79. In the 7,129 ships which sailed in the five years there were 1,494,044 passengers. The number of lives lost by shipwreck was 1,043. The per centage of loss was .069 or 1 in 432. No lives were lost by the ships chartered by the Emigration Commissioners.

CHANCES OF LIFE AS DEVELOPED BY THE CENSUS.

Among the interesting facts developed by the recent census, are some in relation to The calculation it is necessary to the laws that govern life and death. They are based upon returns from the State of Maryland, and a comparison with previous ones. explain, but the result is a table from which we gather the following illustration:10,268 infants are born on the same day and enter upon life simultaneously. Of these 1,243 never reach the anniversary of their birth. 9,025 commence the second year, but the proportion of deaths still continues so great, that at the end of the third only 8,183, or about four fifths of the original number survive. But during the fourth year, the system seems to acquire more strength, and the number of deaths rapidly It goes on decreasing until twenty-one, the commencement of maturity decreases. and the period of highest health. 7,134 enter upon the activities and responsibilities of life—more than two-thirds of the original number. Thirty-five comes, the meridian of manhood; 6,302 have reached it. Twenty years more and the ranks are thinned. Only, 5,727, or less than half of those who entered life fifty-five years ago, are left. And now death comes more frequently. Every year the ratio of mortality steadily increases, and at seventy there are not a thousand survivors. A scattered few live on to the close of the century, and at the age of one hundred and six the drama is ended, The last man is dead.

POPULATION IN MONTREAL IN 1852.

Montreal contains a population of 57,715; a large increase since the previous cenThere are 26,020 French Canadians, and 11,736 Irish residents. In 1850 the population was 48,207.

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STATISTICS OF THE POPULATION OF HUNGARY.

Dr. SCHUTTES, in his Ungarn, puts down the population of Hungary in 1850 at about 15,000,000; of which 5,278,665 are Magyars; about 5,000,000 Sclavacs, Croats, Ruthen, Raizen, and Schokazen; Wallachs 2,908,876; Germans 1,377,484, and smaller tribes about 400,000. The entire population of Hungary in 1842, according to Fenyes, was 12,880,406. Fenyes is a Hungarian, and the most reliable statistician who has ever written on Hungary. Haeunfler, an Austrian statistician, puts down the population in 1842 at 13,876,170.

CIRCULATION OF THE LONDON PRESS.

The returns of the English stamp office, published in the London Times of the 1st inst., give some extraordinary statistics relative to the London newspaper press. By these returns it appears that the circulation of the Times exceeds by over four-and-ahalf millions of copies, the aggregate circulation of all the other London newspapers put together. Here is a full comparative list:

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The circulation of the whole of these papers, exclusive of the Times, in 1850, (tested by the number of stamps issued at the stamp office) was not quite seven anda-half millions, while the number of stamps paid for by the Times was precisely 11,900,000, thus exhibiting the fact of the Times possessing a positive average circulation of over 38,000 copies per diem. As the Times has no free list, and sells only for cash, this result is the more surprising. It is understood that the circulation in 1852 is over 40,000 copies a day. By the returns alluded to, it appears that while the Times has been gaining ground for the past seven years, all other newspapers, both morning and evening, have been rapidly sinking. In 1845 the Times circulated 8,100,000 papers, and all the other journals upwards of 9,000,000; but in 1850 the circulation of all the other papers had fallen to under seven-and-a half millions, while that of the Times has risen to nearly 12,000,000, and is constantly augmenting. It is, in fact, conceded that most of the London morning newspapers are published at a loss, while the profits of the Times are known to exceed $500,000 a year. The Times pays for stamp advertisements and excise duty, about $500,000 a year to the government. The daily circulation of the London papers is now about as follows:

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Most of the papers are falling off in their circulation yearly, and the evening journals are in a still worse position.

JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES.

COPPER MINING OF LAKE SUPERIOR.

We give below a table of the several mining companies of Lake Superior, showing the capital, number of hands employed, and value of products, &c., &c. :

Names of Lake Superior
Copper Companies.

North West Mining Co......
Copper Falls Mining Co.....
North-Western Mining Co...
North American Mining Co..
Albion Mining Co..
Cliff Mine

Lac le Belle Mining Co .
Iron City Mining Co.............
Isle Royale Mining Co.....
Cape Mining Co....
Pittsburg & I. Roy. Min. Co..
Liskanett Mining Co...
American Mining Co....
Ontonagon Mining Co....
Sistagna Mining Co....
Chesapeake Mining Co...
Minnesota Mining Co....
Algonquin Mining Co..
Ridge Mining Co...

Adventure Mining Co....
Forest Mining Co

Ohio Trap Rock Mining Co...
Merchant Mining Co..................

Annual product. Tons.

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Nature of
product.
Native copper
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Power Male
Capital. used. hands.
$50,000 Water. 114
65,000 Horse. 30
10,000 Hand.. 14
70,000 Steam. 110
15,000 Hand.. 9
207,360 Steam* 180 1,028
28,000 Horse. 6

1,500 Horse. 15
14,000 Steam. 19

500 Horse. 6 18,000 Hand.. 25. 30,000 Horse. 25) 3,000 Horse. 15 15,000 Hand.. 20 3,000 Hand.. 10 5,000 Hand.. 10 29,000 Steam* 80 2,400 Hand.. 28

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7,500

190

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257 Native copper

77,100

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2,000

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1,000

15,000 Horse. 10

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2,000 Horse. 1

789 1,525

COTTON PLANTERS SHOULD BECOME COTTON SPINNERS.

The Executive Committee of the Georgia Agricultural Association have put forth, in an extra, an address to the Southern cotton planters, in which is submitted a very valuable and important suggestion. The subject will be brought forward for discussion at the convention to be held next month in Montgomery, Alabama. From this address we make the following extract, containing important considerations for the cotton planter:—

"Great Britain habitually imports about one sixth more raw cotton than she manufactures, and, according to Baines, in his history of cotton manufacture, makes a profit of 10 per cent upon the exportation of a portion of that excess to Havre. And she converts into yarn and exports about one-fifth more of the amount of her imports of raw cotton. This is not the place to inquire into the means by which she is enabled to monopolize so large an amount of our raw staple, and to engross so large a profit by a mere transfer of what she cannot use at home across the channel. It is more german to the purpose of this paper to inquire if the cotton planters of the United States may not themselves spin and export part or all of that excess of yarn which Great Britain spins but does not make into cloth? The more direct and practical proposition is, may not the cotton planters look forward to the time when the exportation of raw cotton will be as rare as the exportation of seed cotton was thirty or forty years ago There are not as great difficulties now to the spinning and exportation of yarns as existed some sixty years ago to the ginning and exportation of clean

And horse-power.

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