HOLYHEAD NEW HARBOR WORKS, Some idea of the vastness of the operations now being carried on may be gathered from the fact that nearly six million tons of material will be required to form the breakwater and sea-pier; and of this quantity about five-and-a-half million tons have been deposited to form the fore-shore of the breakwater; this latter will be six hun. dred feet in width at the base, and the proper settlement of the material thus deposited is ascertained by the engineer-in-chief and his staff. The fore-shore will extend twenty-six hundred feet to the seaward. The breakwater will inclose an area of three hundred and sixteen acres, three-quarters of a mile in length, in five-and-a-half fathoms of water, with a sea-pier two thousand feet in length, and the cost of the whole will be about seven hundred thousand pounds.

RAILROAD, CANAL, AND STEAMBOAT STATISTICS.

THE RAILWAY CAR.

BY CHARLES P. SHIRAS.

No more we sing as they sang of old,

And wo to all who uphold the wrong-
To the tones of the lute and lyre,

Love darkness rather than light-
For lo! we live in an Iron Age-

For Science hath opened a broad highway
In the age of Steam and Fire !

For Knowledge and Truth and Rigbt.
The world is too busy for dreaming,

And he sends forth his Car to gather
And hath grown too wise for War;

The people of many lands,
So, to-day, for the glory of Science,

Until the uttermost nations
Let us sing of the Railway Car!

Are grasping each other's hands!
The golden chariots of ancient kings

And thus, when the people as one are joined,
Would dazzle the wondering eye,

And each to his fellow is known,
And the heads of a million slaves might bow Invention, and Art, and Skill shall work
As the glittering toy rolled by;

At the bidding of Science alone.
But this is the Car of the People,

And who can tell of the greatness
And before it shall bow all kings-

The world may hope for then!
Be they warned when they hear the shrieking For the Faith that moveth mountains
Of the dragon with iron wings!

Hath entered the souls of men!
The blood-stained Car of the Juggernaut, Then sing no more, as they sang of old,
Oe'r millions of necks hath rolled,

To the tones of the lute and lyre,
And its priests have cried, 'Such a triumph as ours, But sound the praise of the Iron Age-
The world shall never behold!

of the age of Steam and Fire.
But wo! when this harnessed Dragon,

And sing to the glory of Science--
Comes vomiting smoke and fire,

Exult in the downfall of War-
For the Priests, with their Car and Idols, And shout for the fiery Dragon,
Shall perish beneath his ire!

As he flies with the Railway Car

OPERATIONS OF THE RAILWAYS OF MASSACHUSETTS, 1851,

COMPILED FOR THE MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE FROM THE ANNUAL REPORTS TO THE LEGIS

LATURE, BY DAVID M. BALFOUR. In the following tables, “ Interest,” and “Amount paid other Companies,” in tolls for passengers and freight, are not considered running expenses, and are, therefore, deducted from the lotal of expenses. And the amount paid other companies" in tolls,” &c., and the amount received for “ Interest,” are deducted from the total receipts. The returns from the Providence and Worcester, the Boston and Providence, the Nor. folk County, the Stoughton Branch, the Nashua and Lowell, the Fitchburg, the Vermont and Massachusetts, the Harvard Branch, and the Newbury port Railways, exhibit the operations of those companies for eleven months, ending November 30th, 1851. In the returns from the New Bedford and Taunton, and the Cape Cod Branch Railways, the operations of the month of December, 1850, are included. VOL. XVIII.-NO, IV.

32

From

Net

Names of Railways.
Worcester...
Western....
Providence and Worcester
Worcester and Nashua.
Fitchburg and Worcester.........
Connecticut River....
Pittsfield and North Adams.
Berkshiret
Stockbridge and Pittsfield.
West Stockbridgel..
Providence
Taunton Branch .......
New Bedford.
Norfolk County.
Stoughton Branchg.
Lowell....
Nashua.........
Lawrence
Salem and Lowell.
Stony Brooks
Boston and Maine
South Reading Branch..
Fitchburg.....
Vermont and Massachusetts...
Harvard Branchtt.
Lexington and West Cambridge 11.
Peterboro' and Shirley
Eastern .......
Essex..
Newburyport
Old Colony.....
Dorchester and Milton
South Shore......
Fall River..
Cape Cod Branch..
Grand Junction.

Total..

vi::~

:::::::::::::::::::

LENGTH IN MILES

-RECEIPTS Double

EXPENSES. or

of track main brieb- and From merchandise, From mails, of

income roads.

of motive Misceles. sidings. Cost. Passengers. gravel, &c. rents, &c. Total.

per cl. road bed.

power. Janeous. Total.
45
24

Net income. on cost.
58 $4,862,748 8403,363 $318,933
62 9,953,759 603,207

$21,627 $743,923 $66,935 $75,694 $251,058 $393,687 $350.236 $7 20

714,363 36,324 1,353,894 122.719 107,020 368,017
43

597,756 756,138 7 60
13 1,820,065 117,043 82,123 3,724 202,890 15,777 10,179 61,003 86,959
46

6 37

115,931
1,309,564 85,208 62,443 6,141 153,792 10,217 11,644 55,100 76,961
14
1

76,831 5 87
305,410 16,087 11,863 1,405 29,355 2,807 1,238 10,263
50 2

14,308 15,047 4 93
1,801,592 111,861 76,579 11,455 199,895 21,194 23,145

57,846 102,185
18

5 42
443,678

97,710
17,132 19,482 900 37,514

4,499

1,646
21

9,867 16,012 21,502

4 85 600,000 42,000

560
22
448,700

41,440 7 00
31,409
41,516

31,4097 00
1,763 1,773

21

21
41 12 23 3,469,599

1,742 4 20
236,730 133,422 7,245 377,397 42,452 21,966 113,297 177,715 199,682
11

5 76
307,136 42,843 27.941 2,187 72.971

9,102

9,171 27,697 45,970
1

27,001 8 79
510,263 68,217 33,553 10,223 111,993 11,771 12,667 34,184 58,622 53,371 10 46
26
1,213,452 26,792 16,921 1,458 45,171

5,860 17,085 22,945 22,926 1 83
4
93,433 5,877 4,358

10,235
4,279 4,279

6 37
2

5,956
38 1,945,647 174,241 226,054 8,850 409,153 52,538 53,916 160,582 267,036 142,117 7 30

17 651,215 47,363 60,554 8,378 116,295 8,455 8,181 38,809 55,445
12
343,467

9 37

60,850
26,645 6,310 3,356 36,311 3,079 2,675 12,524 18,278
344,221

18,033 5 25
1
14,138 22,502

36,640

18,934 8,604 27,538
13

9,102 2 65
265,762
16,236

16,236 6 11
9 45 4,090,452 408.815 192,575 29,184 630,574 86,781 36,335 181.952 305,068 325,506 7 96
293,760 28,838 9,689 3,708 42,235 4,518 6,461 18,843 29,822

12,413 4 22
17 65 3,612,487 240,713 259,259 16,040 516,012 50,766 60,178 194,163

210,905
305,107

5 84
69

3,450,005
8

73,881 86,090 20,647 180,618 21,230 1,937 66,974 100,141 80,477 2 33
25,701 5,853

5,853

6,831
240,368
7,480

400 7,080 2 95
264,115

15,847

8,029 8,029 7,818 2 96
55 20

3,632,340 372,168 60,005 69,882 502,055 35,296 29,777 130,326 195,399 306,656 8 44
20 1
602,136 24,649 15,311

39,960 4,879 27,560 761 33,200 6,760 1 12 15 200,009

7,112

3,635
8

3,477
37

1 74
16 2,293,535 203,599 100,507 6,177 310,283 37,284 23,487 153,891 214,662 95,621

4 17
129,390

7,530

42 7,488 11

5 79 427,689 15,318

15,318 3 58 42 5 1,050,000 133,393 91,095 7,834 232,322 32,218 27,259 72,636 132,113

9 55

100,209
2 633,677 36,472 18,533 1,732 56,737 7,554 4,430 19,014 30,998 25,739 4 06
6
919,397

803 595

6,586 7,181

w : : : --:--8:::::

........

1,044 106 384 $52,595,288 $3,525,128 $2,650,465 $280,248 $6,599,576 $652,666 $591,360 $2,083,411 $3,338,905 $3,260,671 av6 20

* Including the Albany and W. Stockbridge Railway,

(N. Y.) 38 1-4 miles, which is owned and operated

by the Western Railway Corporation. + Operated by the Housatonic Railway Company.

I Operated by the Housatonic Railway Company. 1 Operated by the Berkshire Railway Company. g Operated by the Providence Railway Company:

Operated by the Nashua and Lowell Railway Co.

** Interest received ($2,521) deducted from receipts.
tt Operated by the Fitchburg Railway Company.
11 Operated by the Fitchburg Rallway Company.

Weight in tons Weight in tons --NUMBER OF MILES RUN.

of freight Total No. of Total Total Net

Tons of Tons of trains (not trains (not tons (not By freight

receipts expenses income Passengers Passengers mrchidse mrchadse including including including By passen and gravel By other

per mile per mile per mile carried in carried carried in carried Passengers) freight) Passengers) Names of Railways ger trains. trains. trains. Total TUD. run. run.

one mile. hauled i mile. hauled 1 mile. hauled 1 mile. Worcester.........

285,546 166,902 14,075 466,523 $1 60 $0 85 $0 75 1,100,720 20,236,684 242,789 9,051,119 14,912,790 12,986,779 36,950,688 Western ....

270,926 459,323 44,360 774,609 1 75 0 77 0 98 479,905 22,582,614 250,766 23,304,050 20,342,960 42,160,500 85,807,510 Providence and Worcester 101,230 29,340 2,154 132,724 1 53 0 66

356,943 4,878,260 49,812 1,252,033 3,000,000 5,150,000 9,402,033 Worcester and Nashua..

87,753 37,326 2,710 127,789 1 20 0 60 0 60 186,301 2,809,001 73,901 2,111,960 2,470,964 3,033,111 7,616,035 Fitchburg and Worcester

32, 142 091 0 44 0 47 52,548 542,921 17,371 226,833 295,688 365,264 887,785 Connecticut River .....

113,115 35,248 8,072 156,435 1 28 0 65 0 63 263,706 3,676,863 64,215 1,557,408 1,450,280 2,889,830 8,897,518 Pittsfield and North Adams.

16,826 6,482 2,104 25,412 1 48 0 63 0 85 36,538 576,812 19,454 301,055 485,000 1,256,800 2,042,855 Berkshire ... 22,812 24,369 953 48,134

56,128 866,976 20,855 344,102 269,568 344,102 957,772 Stockbridge and Pittsfied.

117,375 106,987 337,722
West Stockbridge..
4,438 588 2,793 7,819

4,693 9,176 2,617 5,176 23,456 29,786 58,418
Providence

252,927 1 49 0 700 79 611,020 9,261,282 121,320 2,554,170 11,500,000 8,500,000 22,554,170
Taunton Branch

19,602 7,348 1,090 28,040 2 60 1 64 0 96 126,400 1,346,821 43,093 446,937 996,212 993,782 2,436,931 New Bedford .....

34,388 13,128 1,316 48,832 2 29 1 20 1 09 123,602 2,087,961 38,685 550,553 1,750,840 982,900 3,284,293 Norfolk County

63,374 0 71 0 36 0 35 58,802 1,245,975 22,367 551,531 464,329 864,927 1,880,787 Stoughton Branch Lowell...

1 06 0 57 569,784 8,968,904 249,468 6,140,947 6,069,773 6,593,719 18,804,439 Nashua ......

35,432 26,486 2,725 64,643 1 80 0 86 0 94 223,888 2,686,656 128,136 1,537,632 1,264,832 1,386,472 4,188,936 Lawrence

88,288 1,066,926 17,640 160,368 411,190 234,750 806,308 Salem and Lowell

40,444 0 91 0 68 0 23 31,260 423,453 25,538 539,053 198,617 723,456 1,461,126 Stony Brook. Boston and Maine ......

340,863 87,862 33,131 461,856 1 37 0 66 0 71 1,449,421 23,513,081 156,700 4,632,473 8,347,080 8,033,223 21,012,776 South Reading Branch. 38,545 6,520 3,240 48,305 087 0 62 0 25 180,585 1,369,544 23,508 199,583

129,376 864,359 Fitchburg

244,627 120,752 6,520 371,899 1 39 0 82 0 57 1,261,159 14,204,109 313,713 7,345,035 8,251,920 11,652,056 27,249,011
Vermont and Massachusetts.

78,721 40,776 8,475 127,972 1 41 0 78 0 63 138,381 2,504,593 93,863 1,761,944 305,760 655,200 2,722,904
Harvard Branch
Lexington and West Cambridge
Peterboro' and Shirley*
Easternt

239,994 34,330 44,576 318,900 1 57 0 61 0 96 993,256 10,654,945 61,952 1,468,484 3,623,616 2,806,132 7,898,232
Essex...

41,816 5,497 3,160 50,473 0 79 0 66 0 13 90,726 764,495 17,667 317,562 541,630 553,473 1,412,665 Newburyportt.

10,206 0 70 0 36 0 34 15,445 119,550 1,622 14,061 114, 278 8,246 136,585
Old Colony.

225,851 1 37 0 95 0 42 630,589 9,161,762 88,342 1,352,910 3,888,179 1,996,350 7,237,439
Dorchester and Milton.
South Shores..
Fall River

86,767 52,864 868 140,499 1 65 0 94 071 285,756 5,735,415 74,999 2,079,599 3,335,012 3,858,288 9,272,899
Cape Cod Branch

0 58 0 49 71,539 1,363,179 32,868 285,372 800,000 400,000 1,485,372
Grand Junction..
Total.

2,760,888 1,424,209 203,067 4,398,370 avl 50 avo 76 av0 74 9,510,858 152,916,183 2,260,346 70,205,310 98,766,749 118,695,509 287,667,568 • Operated by the Fitchburg Railway Company.

Operated by Old Colony Railway Company. is operated by Eastern (Mass.) Railway.

To.

On grease...

RATES OF TOLLS ON THE CANALS OF NEW YORK. The Canal Board of the State of New York, have adopted the following rates of toll for the season of 1852. TOLLS PER 1,000 POUNDS PER MILE IS CHANGED.

From.

cts. m, fr. cts. m. fr. On butter, tallow, beer, cider, and vinegar.

0 4 0 0 3 0 On salted pork, bacon, lard, and lard-oil.

0 3 0 0 5

0 4 0 0 1 5 On bloom iron (“ going towards tide-water,” struck out). 0 3 0 0 2 0 On gas pipes and water pipes.....,

0 4 0 0 2 0 On pot and pearl ashes and window glass (“manufactured in

this State,” struck out)...... On pig copper...

0 4 0 0 2 0 On broken casting, scrap and pig iron.

0 3 0 0 2 0 On barilla and bleaching powders, (not enumerated heretofore,)..

0 4 0 On stoves, ("cast" erased,) iron car wheels, (“ and car axles"

added,) bed plates for steam engines, plough castings, and

all other iron castings except machines and parts thereof. 0 4 0 0 30 On stove pipe and furniture for stoves, not cast iron,(“ going from tide-water,” struck out)...

0 8 0 0 6 0 On timber, squared and round, if carried in rafts, if cleared

“ between the 15th of June and 15th of August," changed to "after the 1st of June, and arriving at tide-water before

the 15th of August.”.. On white pine, white wood, bass wood and cedar..

0 1 8 0 1 0 On boards, plank, scantling and sawed timber reduced to

inch measure, all kinds of red cedar, cedar posts, all siding, lath, or other sawed stuff less than one inch thick, car

ried in boats, per 1,000 feet per mile, when not weighed. 0 6 0 0 4 0 On ship knees...

0 2 0 0 1 0 On shingles carried in boats.

0 1 8 0 1 5 On cotton...

0 2 0 0 1 0 On rags and junk...

0 4 0 0 3 0 On manufactured tobacco, going towards tide-water.

0 4 0 0 1 0 On rye, peas, and beans..

0 4 0 0 3 0 On flour starting and going from tide-water.

0 3 0 0 1 0 On iron in sheets, steel,' horseshoes, crockery, and glassware,

and tio in sheets and boxes, going from tide-water.... 0 5 0 0 4 0 On rosin, tar, pitch, turpentine, oil, manufactured tobacco,

anchors, chain-cables and oakum, going from tide-water... 0 8 0 04 On all other merchandise.

0 8 0 0 4 0 On railroad iron......

0 2 5 0 1 5 On railroad chairs (not enumerated before).

0 1 5 On all articles not enumerated or excepted, passing from tide-water...

0 8 0 0 4 0

THE PROPOSED HUDSON RIVER TUNNEL. A diagram and description of the proposed tunnel under the Hudson River at Albany, made by R. Higham, civil engineer, has been published in the Albany Argus. The tunnel it appears is to commence at Quackenbush-street and descend southerly with an open cut as far as Columbia-street, with a grade of 150 feet to the mile. At the latter street it will enter the earth, and passing under lands belonging to the Albany and Schenectady Railroad, will curve to the right and enter under the river near the foot of Steuben-street, the street on the south side of the Delavan House. Thence it passes under the basin and river, crossing Green Island with an open cut and emerging at the buildings of the Boston and Hudson River Railroads on the east side of the river. The tunnel is to be of brick, 27 inches thick; the form, two circles connected together by a range of cast iron pillars, extending through the centre of the tunnel.

There is to be a double railway track, sidewalks, a chimney of 150 feet on the pier for ventilation, a lateral tunnel opening on Broadway between Maiden Lane and Steu

ben streets, &c.: the whole work estimated to cost $517,720. It is to be built part of
the way by means of coffer-dams, but under the channel of the river by dredging out
a place and then sinking iron tubes, temporarily closed at the ends, within which the
workman are to build the arch, the materials being passed down through perpendic-
ular pipes. Then the connections of the tubes are to be made water tight, the ends
removed, and the arches joined.

POSTAGE BY OCEAN STEAMERS.
F. W. Farrelly, Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department, has fur-
nished the subjoined statement of the amount of postage on letters and papers received
and sent by ocean steamers, during the year which ended 30th June, 1851, and also
during the quarter ending on 30th September, 1851, for-
Cunard line, for the year...

$536,037 61
quarter...

132,890 17 Total Cunard......

$668,927 78 Deduct British portion..

529,567 83

$15,562 57
RECAPITULATION OF THE UNITED STATES POSTAGE.
Ounard line.....

$139,359 95
Collins line...

224,336 18 Bremen line...

109,138 45 Havre line.

53,178 61 New York and Californi

590,201 11 Charleston and Havana..

15,562 67

$1,131,776 87
The total amount of United States postages during the fifteen months comprised in
this statement is, it will be seen, $1,181,776 87; or assuming the different quarters to
have been equal, $905,421 48 and a fraction, for twelve months.