HOLYHEAD NEW HARBOR WORKS,

Some idea of the vastness of the operations now being carried on may be gathered from the fact that nearly six million tons of material will be required to form the breakwater and sea-pier; and of this quantity about five-and-a-half ‍million tons have been deposited to form the fore-shore of the breakwater; this latter will be six hundred feet in width at the base, and the proper settlement of the material thus deposited is ascertained by the engineer-in-chief and his staff. The fore-shore will extend twenty-six hundred feet to the seaward. The breakwater will inclose an area of three hundred and sixteen acres, three-quarters of a mile in length, in five-and-a-half fathoms of water, with a sea-pier two thousand feet in length, and the cost of the whole will be about seven hundred thousand pounds.

And its priests have cried, "Such a triumph as ours, But sound the praise of the Iron Age

The world shall never behold !'
But wo! when this harnessed Dragon,
Comes vomiting smoke and fire,

For the Priests, with their Car and Idols,
Shall perish beneath his ire!

Of the age of Steam and Fire.
And sing to the glory of Science--
Exult in the downfall of War-
And shout for the fiery Dragon,
As he flies with the Railway Car

OPERATIONS OF THE RAILWAYS OF MASSACHUSETTS, 1851.

COMPILED FOR THE MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE FROM THE ANNUAL REPORTS TO THE LEGISLATURE, BY DAVID M. Balfour.

In the following tables, "Interest," and "Amount paid other Companies," in tolls for passengers and freight, are not considered running expenses, and are, therefore, deducted from the total of expenses. And the amount paid other companies "in tolls," &c., and the amount received for "Interest," are deducted from the total receipts. The returns from the Providence and Worcester, the Boston and Providence, the Norfolk County, the Stoughton Branch, the Nashua and Lowell, the Fitchburg, the Vermout and Massachusetts, the Harvard Branch, and the Newburyport Railways, exhibit the operations of those companies for eleven months, ending November 30th, 1851. In the returns from the New Bedford and Taunton, and the Cape Cod Branch Railways, the operations of the month of December, 1850, are included. 32

VOL. XVIII.—NO. IV.

1,485,372

2,760,888 1,424,209 203,067 4,398,370 avl 50 av0 76 av0 74 9,510,858 152,916,183 2,260,346 70,205,310 98,766,749 118,695,509 287,667,568

Operated by the Fitchburg Railway Company.

+ Including Eastern (N. H.) Railways, 17 miles, which is operated by Eastern (Mass.) Railway.

Operated to Bradford September 23, 1851. Operated by Old Colony Railway Company. Operated by Old Colony Railway Company.

3,858,288 9,272,899 400,000

RATES OF TOLLS ON THE CANALS OF NEW YORK.

The Canal Board of the State of New York, have adopted the following rates of toll for the season of 1852.

TOLLS PER 1,000 POUNDS PER MILE IS CHANGED.

On butter, tallow, beer, cider, and vinegar.
On salted pork, bacon, lard, and lard-oil..
On grease..

On bloom iron ("going towards tide-water," struck out,). .
On gas pipes and water pipes......

On pot and pearl ashes and window glass ("manufactured in
this State," struck out,)..

On pig copper....

On broken casting, scrap and pig iron.

On barilla and bleaching powders, (not enumerated heretofore,).

On stoves, ("cast" erased,) iron car wheels, ("and car axles' added,) bed plates for steam engines, plough castings, and all other iron castings except machines and parts thereof. On stove pipe and furniture for stoves, not cast iron, (“going from tide-water," struck out)

On timber, squared and round, if carried in rafts, if cleared
"between the 15th of June and 15th of August," changed
to "after the 1st of June, and arriving at tide-water before
the 15th of August.".

On white pine, white wood, bass wood and cedar.
On boards, plank, scantling and sawed timber reduced to
inch measure, all kinds of red cedar, cedar posts, all sid-
ing, lath, or other sawed stuff less than one inch thick, car-
ried in boats, per 1,000 feet per mile, when not weighed.
On ship knees.....

On shingles carried in boats.

On cotton...

On rags and junk.

On manufactured tobacco, going towards tide-water..
On rye, peas, and beans...

........

On flour starting and going from tide-water...
On iron in sheets, steel,' horseshoes, crockery, and glassware,
and tin in sheets and boxes, going from tide-water....
On rosin, tar, pitch, turpentine, oil, manufactured tobacco,
anchors, chain-cables and oakum, going from tide-water...
On all other merchandise....

On railroad iron......

On railroad chairs (not enumerated before).

On all articles not enumerated or excepted, passing from tide-water....

THE PROPOSED HUDSON RIVER TUNNEL.

A diagram and description of the proposed tunnel under the Hudson River at Albany, made by R. HIGHAM, civil engineer, has been published in the Albany Argus. The tunnel it appears is to commence at Quackenbush-street and descend southerly with an open cut as far as Columbia-street, with a grade of 150 feet to the mile. At the latter street it will enter the earth, and passing under lands belonging to the Albany and Schenectady Railroad, will curve to the right and enter under the river near the foot of Steuben-street, the street on the south side of the Delavan House. Thence it passes under the basin and river, crossing Green Island with an open cut and emerging at the buildings of the Boston and Hudson River Railroads on the east side of the river. The tunnel is to be of brick, 27 inches thick; the form, two circles connected together by a range of cast iron pillars, extending through the centre of the tunnel. There is to be a double railway track, sidewalks, a chimney of 150 feet on the pier for ventilation, a lateral tunnel opening on Broadway between Maiden Lane and Steu

ben streets, &c.: the whole work estimated to cost $517,720. It is to be built part of the way by means of coffer-dams, but under the channel of the river by dredging out a place and then sinking iron tubes, temporarily closed at the ends, within which the workman are to build the arch, the materials being passed down through perpendic ular pipes. Then the connections of the tubes are to be made water tight, the ends removed, and the arches joined.

POSTAGE BY OCEAN STEAMERS.

F. W. Farrelly, Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department, has furnished the subjoined statement of the amount of postage on letters and papers received and sent by ocean steamers, during the year which ended 30th June, 1851, and also during the quarter ending on 30th September, 1851, for

The total amount of United States postages during the fifteen months comprised in this statement is, it will be seen, $1,131,776 87; or assuming the different quarters to have been equal, $905,421 48 and a fraction, for twelve months.