dorsed by the numerous certificates in my possession from merchants and others whose money, books, and papers they have preserved. I commenced my present business in 1829, have made over 8,000 safes, and, I have. first introduced every improvement in their construction, and now keep an assortment for sale, at No. 90 John-street, corner of Gold-street, where many "trial safes" can be seen. Your compliance with my request to publish this in your Magazine will oblige NEW YORK, Jan. 19, 1852, C. J. GAYLER, Inventor and Patentee. MANUFACTURES IN GEORGIA. The rapid increase of manufactures at the South is an exceedingly gratifying fact to the friends of improvement throughout the country. A correspondent recently writing from Augusta, Georgia, says: The Augusta Mills are located in the suburbs. They are supplied by a canal seven miles long, with an abundance of water, from the Savannah River, at the head of the rapids above the city. The fall obtained is forty five feet, divided equally upon three levels, each of a fall of fifteen feet, descending to the river. The other mill is something larger than the first, 250 by 50, with a wing of 75 by 50, and both parts five stories high. The machinery, from Massachusetts, is now being put up, and in the course of the summer the establishment will be in completo operation. The capacity of both mills will then be equal to the consumption of 5,000 bales of cotton per annum, in addition to which the company intend to employ fifty looms upon woolen goods, giving employment altogether to five hundred operatives in the mill. In the Northern mills the several processes of working up the cotton begin at the lower floor with the picking and cleaning, ascend from floor to floor to the looms, which are in the upper stories (excepting the attic) of those five, six, and seven story buildings. Indeed, it is almost the universal practice to have the looms in the upper stories. In the Augusta mills the looms are on the first, second, and third floors, the other processes of the work taking up a part of the same rooms. The object is to avoid the wear and tear of the budding from the vibration of two or three hundred looms near the top of the house. The raw cotton delivered at the mill costs from a cent and a half to two cents a pound less than at Lowell; the cost of labor is a little less in Georgia than in Massachusetts, but the operatives do a little less work, so that upon the whole, in the cost of labor between the two States, there is no appreciable difference. But where the labor is in the end the same, and cotton a cent and a half cheaper, the factories of the South must have their own immense market in their bands. As we were leaving the mill, one of the girls, who had been paid off for the week, came up and made a deposit of ninety-five dollars of her savings with the superintendent. We thought that rather a good indication of fair wages on the one side and prudence on the other. Yes, sir, but Georgia will be in a condition, before many years are gone, to advocate a protective tariff. We cannot, assuredly, manufacture cottons on free-trade principles yet awhile in competition with the pauper labor of England. To attempt it, we must cut down our operatives to the starvation standard. Letting such observations and arguments go for their value, it is at least a matter of some interest to Northern manufacturers, to be informed of the progress of the factory system of the South. The census returns of 1850 will exhibit the advancement of Georgia in manufactures, railroads, and population, within the last ten years, to be equal if not ahead of the progress of any other State in the Union. In addition to the Augusta factories, there are in the State the following: BELLVILLE FACTORY.-Capital $50,000. Cotton consumed, 1,000 bales; wool, 300,000 pounds. Operatives employed, 120-80 females. RICHMOND FACTORY.-Capital, $33,000. Cotton consumed, 450 bales; wool, 180,000 pounds. Operatives employed, about 170-females, about 45. This mill works 20 cards, 1,500 spindles, and 40 looms. OTHER FACTORIES.-Baldwin, 1; Butts, 1; Chattanooga, 1; Cobb, 2; Campbell, 2; Carroll, 1; Clarke, 4; Elbert, 2; Greene, 2; Heard, 1; Hancock, 2; Houston, 1; Henry, 1; Jackson, 1; Morgan, 1; Muscogee, 7; Newton, 2; Upson, 3; Troupe, 1. Total number of cotton manufactories, 36. Of these, 34 are by water and two by steam, namely, Milledgeville and Muscogee steam factories. Within five years, Atalanta, an inland town in the heart of Georgia, has increased from a road-side grocery to a place of 5,000 population. The Central Railroad, South and West, has done it. Chattanooga, within two years an obscure, inaccessible crossroad hamlet, among the fastnesses of Tennessee mountains, is now a place of 2,500 people, bustling and active in the manufacture of railroad cars and various works in iron. This is but the beginning. In this section of Eastern Tennessee, the great chain of the Alleghany Mountains present their sublimest features. There is no mountain scenery to compare with it in the United States, east of Mississippi, except that of the great valley of Virginia. The magnificence of the scenery, however, is only in keeping with its splendid resources. For salubrity and mildness of climate, delicious water, immeasurable water power, for its rich valleys, capable of sustaining a dense population, for its vast forests of timber of the most serviceable kinds, for its mines of stone coal, for its quarries of marble, and its inexhaustible supplies of iron ore-for its alluvial lands for cotton, and its mountain slopes for sheep-we venture to say that no section of the Union will compare with Eastern Tennessee. A period of five years will prove something of the amplitude of its capacities and the diversity of its valuable products. THE PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF WINES IN HUNGARY. The following description of the culture of the grape, and the process of making the choice wines of Hungary, we take from the New York Tribune: The glory of Hungary in the natural world, its choicest and most bountiful product, are the varieties of grapes. They cover the whole land, and the lowest Bauer has his vineyard. And in no country of Europe are such pure, delicious wines made as here. There is scarcely any wine of note in Europe but that is drugged, or considerably strengthened by alcohol. This is unknown in Hungary, and even the best Tokay-the most rare and costly wine in the country-is a pure juice of the grape. Water throughout the Hungarian plain is bad and extremely hard to get, so that I may safely say more wine is drank through the majority of the population than water. I have heard soldiers speak of frequently being obliged, in the campaign of '48 and '49, to boil their beef in wine, as no water was to be procured. The common light wine of the country, far superior to any similar wine in Germany or France, sells at about three kreutzers (two cents) a bottle. The number of varieties made here is astonishingly great, amounting to nearly thirty from Hungary alone—and they themselves varying very considerably in taste and strength. The Tokay-well known by name in most other countries-is considered the choicest of these. It is made from a grape growing on a hill at Tokay, near the Upper Theiss, and is prepared, I understand, by gathering the very ripest of the grapes, left on the vines till they seem on the very verge of rotting, then depositing them in a large vessel with a strainer, and leaving them to press out their own juice. Of course this first extract amounts to but very little; it is collected, however, with the greatest care, and forms the genuine "extract" of Tokay, a thick, pulpy, golden-colored wine, sweet in taste-thought by the knowing in such matters throughout Eastern Europe, to be the best wine made in the world. It is exceedingly expensive, even in Hungary. After this is extracted, old wine is poured over the grapes, and another extract of Tokay is made, also a sweet wine, and very much valued. The third extract is made by mingling in many grapes not so fully ripe or so carefully selected, but still from the peculiar kind which grows on the ridge of the Carpathians in that district. The Tokay is seldom drank by the Hungarians freely, but is brought forth on especial occasions, when the Hungarian would express his hospitality, and is taken in small glasses at the end of the meal, as a rarity or cordial. It is much valued, too, by the physicians for its peculiar sanitive properties. Of the many other kinds of wine in Hungary, the most celebrated are the Mesner, considered nearly equal to the Tokay, the Erlav red wine, the Ofen and Somlau, with several other wines on the right bank of the Danube. There is a "Champagne" made here too, though not equal to the French it is said. It is curious that this peculiar fertility of Hungary in wines was known even in the times of the Roman Empire, for it is said that in the year 226, a Roman Emperor gave orders for the cultivating of one of the Sirmian wine-hills, in the south-western part of Hungary, for the sake of the very remarkable wine produced there. The sourest and poorest kinds of grapes seem to grow generally on the plains, the better and richer on the side-hills. The annual yield of wine in Hungary' is reckoned, by good statistical writers, at about twenty-eight millions of eimer, the eimer holding rather more than twelve gallons. Yet despite this immense production, despite the quality of the wines being, beyond question, the purest and best in Europe, the export to foreign countries has always been very slight indeed. The Tokay is mostly bought by Jews, who carry it over the mountains to Poland and Russia, whence it finds its way to Prussia and Germany. There is an unimportant trade, too, in this and other wines, to Austria, by the Danube-but "the paternal legislation" of Vienna has always arranged it so that Hungarian wines could not be exported under a duty, which would utterly ruin the trade-and the consequence has been that the wines have mostly been consumed in the country. Since Hungary has been “absorbed" into Austria, the taxes on the growing of wines, as I shall show hereafter, have equally operated to check the production. It is thought by some travelers that the best Hungarian wines will not bear exportation over the sea. The Hungarians all claim, however, that if properly prepared, they can be sent any distance without the least injury. I have no question that under a good government, this product of Hungary would be the most important and profitable export, and that the Hungarian hills and mountain sides would be as much sought by wine merchants for rare and good wines, as are those of Southern France and Spain. A VALUABLE PLUMBAGO MINE. The Lewiston Falls Journal states that a year or two since a discovery of this mineral was made upon the ridge of land bordering on the south-western shore of Sabattis Pond, and after a superficial examination, a few gentlemen were induced to purchase a tract of the land surrounding it, but it is not until within a few weeks that any attempt has been made at excavation. From the result of the operation recently made, the prospect is highly flattering. Some three or four men have been engaged for some time with encouraging results, and they have now ready for market several tons of the article. It brings readily $70 per ton, and is obtained from the rock at a cost considerably less than one-third of that amount. A specimen containing, as near as can be estimated, one half a ton, was thrown out a day or two since, and it is believed there is not ten pounds of rock in the mass. There is every indication that the mine is extensive and may yet be worked on a large scale. We have at our office a specimen of the ore that appears as well as any we have ever seen. PATENT VENTILATOR FOR SHIPS. Our attention has been called to this new invention for ventilating ships, and we are free to say that it appears to us to possess some advantages over any with which wo are at all acquainted. The most prominent that the patentee, Mr. CHARLES PERLEY, claims for it, is, that it is so applied as to preserve timber without the use of salt. It has already been applied to several ships and steamers, and from the testimonials of competent masters, it seems to give the most entire satisfaction. Captain ALEXANDER CARTWRIGHT, long experienced as a shipmaster, Marine Inspector, and Ship Surveyor of the port of New York, considers it "one of the most valuable discoveries of the age," and adds, further, in his judgment, "thousands of lives, and property to an incalculable amount, may be preserved by its use." We commend it to the attention of ship-owners, as worthy of a careful examination. MERCANTILE MISCELLANIES. THE MERCANTILE ASSOCIATION OF ST. LOUIS AND THE MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE. We have great pleasure in publishing the subjoined letter and resolutions from the Mercantile Library Association of St. Louis. Such testimonials are all the more acceptable, when, as in the present instance, they come to us as a voluntary appreciation of our humble but untiring efforts to promote the great commercial and industrial interests of the country-the whole of it-and the world, including, of course, “the rest of mankind." MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, TO FREEMAN HUNT, Esq., Editor of the Merchants' Magazine, etc. :— DEAR SIR:-On the 3d inst., the' Board of Directors of this Association adopted resolutions of which you have herewith a copy. Entirely approving their tenor, I have great satisfaction in forwarding them to you, and in subscribing myself, Your very obedient servant, GEO. R. ROBINSON, Corresponding Secretary. Resolved, That in the opinion of this Board, the collection and publication in Hunt's Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review, of consecutive information respecting the great interests of Commerce, renders that work peculiarly interesting and valuable to Merchants, and entitles its editor, FREEMAN HUNT, Esq., to the thanks of all engaged in trade. Resolved, That we have observed with pleasure the great and increasing prosperity of Hunt's Merchants' Magazine; that we think it eminently deserving of success, and heartily recommend its support to our citizens, and especially to all engaged in commercial pursuits. Resolved, That the corresponding Secretary is hereby directed to send to FREEMAN HUNT, Esq., a copy of these resolutions. MERCANTILE LIBRARY COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA. The annual report of the Mercantile Library Company of Philadelphia, which was made at the annual meeting held at their hall on Tuesday evening, January 13th, 1852, is so brief, and, at the same time, so mercantile and comprehensive in its character, that we need make no apology for publishing it entire. The report is understood to have been prepared by ROBERT F. WALSH, Esq., of the highly respectable firm of DAVID S. BROWN & Co., one of the earliest, most efficient, and intelligent friends of the institution. It is as follows: TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MERCANTILE LIBRARY COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA. The directors of the Mercantile Library Company of Philadelphia have the pleasure of congratulating the members on the prosperity which continues to attend the institution in which they all feel so deep an interest. Every year in its flight increases the stability and enlarges the usefulness of the Company. The number of its stockholders and readers is constantly augmented, and the entire business circle of our city experiences, more or less, the refining influence which its varied intellectual treasures are so well calculated to diffuse. The valuable lessons derivable from its interesting volumes, molding, as they do, to excellence the plastic minds of those who habitually peruse their pages, may prove visible in that intellectual vigor and sound judgment which should always mark the mercantile character, and which, when united with probity and a just liberality, constitute its perfection. The Commerce of the world has never more than at this time required of its votaries the possession of the above described qualities. This continent of ours, so teeming with all that is alluring to honorable ambition, so rife with all that is inciting to |