witched by the surface of beauty alone. Looking below the surface, he recognized the beauty of adaptation. He recognized the great scientific truth that the line of economy is the line of grace. The arch, the truss, were no unmeaning forms to him. And beneath a strong, light roof, or before a well-designed machine, or in the midst of a well-arranged plant, he found the satisfaction of an artist as well as an engineer. I think he took more pride in the Edgar Thomson works than in any other which he helped to build, because, as he once said to me, he began at the beginning with them, taking a clean sheet of paper, drawing on it first the railway-tracks, and then placing the buildings and the contents of each building with prime regard to the facile handling of material; so that the whole became a body, shaped by its bones and muscles, rather than a box, into which bones and muscles had to be packed.

Yet this new activity was not substituted for the older ones; it was rather superadded to them. In January, 1869, he took charge of Van Nostrand's Eclectic Engineering Magazine, which he edited for a year. In August of that year, he wrote from Troy :

"I have not got along far enough in life to look back on much work or much fruit from it; but I have lived long enough to couclude with certainty, that leisure is the hardest thing in life to get along with. I try to have as little of it as possible."

In the subject of technical education, as I need not tell the members of these societies, he was deeply interested. Elected in 1865 a member of the Board of Trustees of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, he made his influence felt in favor of an improved curriculum, keeping pace with the demands of the times. While it is impossible to discuss at this time the views on technical education which he subsequently announced, it is worth mention, in passing, that the system he so eloquently advocated, of a practical training preceding the scientific instruction, was not the one under which his own genius had developed itself. He went from the school to the shop, not from the shop to the school.

If I pass swiftly over the latest and most fruitful years of his life, it is not because I fail to recognize their importance. They were in every way his best working years. His rapidly growing fame, his widening circle of friends, his own matured power, combined to give value to his labors and to win for them adequate reward. In fact, this is the answer to those impetuous ones who think it better, as they say, "to wear out than to rust out," and declare that if they do twice as much, and only live half as long, the world at least will be

no loser. This is not true. A true man's last work is his best. Two bushels of green apples to-day are not the adequate substitute for one bushel of ripe ones, when Time shall have brought them to perfection. And this ripening effect of Time is in human character the one thing that cannot be hurried. Wisdom-the degree conferred upon faithful students in the University of Life, cannot be had in the sophomore year.

But the work of these wisest and intellectually strongest years of Holley's life is, for the most part, either familiarly known to all of you, or it is still under the lock and key of his professional relations, in confidential reports. His papers and addresses in the Institute of Mining Engineers, of which he became a member in 1872 and President in 1875, the Society of Civil Engineers, of which he was a VicePresident in 1876, the Society of Mechanical Engineers, of which together with the honored chairman of this meeting he was a founder, and the British Iron and Steel Institute, and Institution of Civil Engineers, of which he was a member; the admirable paper on Iron and Steel, contributed by him to the Reports of the Judges of the Centennial Exposition in 1876; the series of illustrated articles on American iron and steel-works, prepared by him together with Mr. Lenox Smith for London Engineering, from 1877 to 1880; his masterly treatise on steel, published in 1880 in Appleton's Cyclopædia of Mechanics; and, in another sphere, his breezy description in Scribner's Monthly for May, 1878, under the title "Camps and Tramps about Katadin," of a health-giving summer excursion, in genial artist company, to the forests and mountains of Maine-these are both familiar and accessible to you all. But more voluminous, and in many respects still more valuable, were the reports which he printed and issued confidentially to his clients (for the last five years to the members of the Bessemer Association only) on the various branches of steel manufacture. No doubt, when the immediate business value of these reports shall have passed away, they will become accessible to engineers generally; and they will be found a mine of clear, precise, well-arranged, and well-discussed information. I know that he regarded them as his best work, and that he put his life into them.

Of all the later labors to which I have alluded, and of other works of his pen, I shall publish as an appendix to this address a catalogue, which I believe is complete, and which in itself constitutes a striking picture of his intense and various industry.

It was probably about 1875 that his elastic strength began to

fail. In that year he wrote: "I have been so hard at work for so long that I am getting pretty tired and 'played out.' I am going in a week to one of the Elizabeth Islands, off New Bedford, where there is neither mail nor telegraph, to lie on the sea-shore for a week and try to get strong and sleepy." That last word tells the story.

In June, 1875, he was appointed a member of the United States Board for Testing Structural Materials. He had been unweariedly active in promoting the formation of this Board; he was not the least laborious of its members; and down to the end of his life, he ceased not to strive that its work, so promising, so fruitful, so unfortunately interrupted, should be revived and continued. In our endeavors to advance that great work against ignorance, indolence, and prejudice in quarters high and low, we shall sorely miss henceforward his voice and pen.

In 1879, he accepted an appointment to lecture at the School of Mines, Columbia College, on the manufacture of iron and steel. He wrote these lectures with great care, printed a complete synopsis of them for the use of the students, and took as much pains to assure himself of the proficiency of his class, by rigorous examinations, as if he had been a resident-professor, and this his chief busi

ness.

Besides the two early patents which I have already mentioned, Mr. Holley obtained fourteen others. Ten of these refer to his improvements in the Bessemer process and plant; two of them to roll-trains and their feed-tables; and the remaining two are those of July 18th, 1876, and March 1st, 1881, the first for a water-cooled furnace-roof, and the latter for a steam-boiler furnace, with gaseous fuel. These are both important; and the first of them, in which the pipes cooling the arch of a furnace constitute at the same time the skeleton supporting it, is highly ingenious in conception and detail. It is not unlikely to be the "furnace of the future" for many purposes. The last of his Bessemer patents (purchased since his death by the Bessemer Association), that of the detachable converter-shell (April 26th, 1881), is perhaps the most important of all, after the old converterbottom patented August 9th, 1870. I will not describe it here. It is discussed by its inventor in a manner to leave nothing more to be said, in a paper read in November, 1880, before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

It is pleasant to remember that in these later years he began to receive the public and professional recognition which his genius and

perseverance deserved. In 1878, on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his graduation, his Alma Mater bestowed on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. A still more appropriate honor, the Bessemer medal, given in cordial though late appreciation of his services and merits, can be placed, not, alas! in his hand, but only on his tomb. But these things are but trivial symbols of the warm, unanimous, universal love and respect with which he was regarded by the engineers of two worlds.

This has been more adequately shown by the outburst of sorrow and of eulogy on both sides of the Atlantic, which followed his death. Yet scarcely less significant was the cordial welcome which, while he yet lived and labored, awaited him everywhere on his journeys. All doors-even those which were inscribed with "No admittance"opened before him. One of his friends who has been travelling this year among foreign iron and steel-works, writes that Holley's name has been everywhere a potent charm, securing for him an eager courtesy of reception.

I have resolved to make this address, as far as may be, purely professional and critical; and there has been no lack of testimony to Holley's private virtues and personal magnetism, so that I need not dwell at length upon these. But even in a cold estimate of his professional achievements, these qualities cannot be passed over. Generosity, honor, tact, unselfish interest in the welfare of others, high devotion to great causes, unstinted service to the interest of employers, a full performance-nay, an overflowing performance—of every duty these qualities win love and trust; and to win love and trust, in our profession, as in every other, is the very heart of success. We may answer now the questions with which we began. This life was successful. It was filled with the joy of labor; it was surrounded at the last with comfort and fame and troops of friends. But the success was not of accident, or luck, or sudden growth. It was earned, inch by inch; won out of innumerable delays and defeats; held at the cost of constant vigilance and toil. Homer sings of warriors who were invulnerable and irresistible; but Homer gives them the assistance of the gods, fighting invisibly beside them; and to my mind, his noblest heroes are those who stand up bravely against such odds, and die where they stand. Again, the tales of chivalry are full of triumphant champions, whose lances in melée or tourney nothing can resist. But history tells us that, apart from the exaggerations of the legend, these all-conquering heroes were arrant humbugs-princes, whose prowess it was the part of courtiers

to help them to exhibit; that their invariable triumph was the farce of hired players. Our hero was no such gay cavalier. Neither miracle nor connivance made his lance omnipotent. His armor was bruised and dented in earnest; he knew the shock, the overthrow, the retreat, the struggle again and again renewed, the victory that called for new conflicts with new risk of defeat.

If Holley's genius was such as to forbid us from hoping by mere effort to attain equal heights, yet, on the other hand, there is ample encouragement and instruction in his career for all young engineers. Let me, in closing, barely mention its chief lessons.

The first is the great benefit of uniting theory and practice. It is less important how these are to be combined than that the student of either should not despise the other. Every word that Holley spoke, every line he wrote, betrayed his familiarity with the practical operations, tools, difficulties, and needs of his business. A great inventor once said to me (when I talked to him of some fancied discovery of my own): "My boy, half the art of invention consists in knowing what needs to be invented." Holley's career illustrates this principle, and bears witness also how deeply he felt what he called the inadequate union of engineering science and art, and how ardently he labored to make it eloser and more complete. Not his eloquent words merely, but the eloquence of his whole life speaks one language-the language of the brotherhood of brain-workers and hand-workers. And what he was, even more than what he said or did to promote such union, wrought mightily to that great end. For the end is to be found in the multiplication of such men. as he—men who do not merely preach harmony to the two classes, but actually belong to both.

It is important to observe that the foundation of his training was wholly American. Far be it from me to disparage the advantages of foreign study. I would not speak such treason to my own Alma Mater in a far land. But I say without hesitation, that he brings most from travel and study abroad who carries most to them. Many a precious graft they have furnished, and will yet furnish, to our native stock; but the stock is as important as the shoot, and there are too many young men returning with their hands full of scionsand nothing to graft them on. How illustriously different was Holley's career!

Another important matter is the early cultivation of the observing powers, and, as incidental thereto, the art of drawing. Holley's facility in these respects was an inestimable advantage to him. He