the commanders of the troops will agree upon a neutral territory between the armies of both nations.

Twenty thousand prisoners shall, without delay, be forwarded to Lyons, on condition that they be sent, immediately after their organization, to Algiers, to be employed in this colony.

ART. XI. Since the commercial treaties with the various states of Germany have been abolished by the war, the French and the German Governments will take as the foundation of their commercial relations the principle of mutual treatment on the footing of the most favored nation.

In this principle are contained the rights of importation and exportation, the universal transit, the formalities on the paying of duties, the admission and treatment of the subjects of both nations, and of the representatives of the same.

The favors, nevertheless, which one of the powers concluding the treaty has granted, or will grant, by commercial treaties to other lands, as the following, England, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, and Russia, are excepted under the above principle.

The treaties of navigation and the agreement concerning the international railroad service, in relation to the formalities on the paying of duties, as well as the agreement for the mutual protection of property, in intellectual and artistic works, shall be again enforced.

Meanwhile, the French Government reserves to itself the right of collecting tonnage and flag-duties from the German ships and their cargo, on the condition that these duties do not exceed those collected from the ships and cargoes of the above-mentioned nations.

ART. XII. All exiled Germans remain in full enjoyment of all property which they have acquired in France.

Those Germans who have not received from the French laws the demanded authorization to establish themselves in France, shall be reinstated in all their rights, and can, in consequence of the same, take up their abode again on French territory.

The space of time stipulated by the French laws for the attainment of naturalization will not be considered as interrupted by the state of war for those persons who make use of the aforesaid permission to return to France, within six months after the exchange of the ratification of this treaty, and the time past between their exile and their return to French soil shall be regarded as if they had never ceased to reside in France.

The above stipulations are, vice versa, applicable to French subjects who dwell, or wish to dwell, in Ger

many.

ART. XIII. The German vessels, which were condemned before the 2d of March, 1871, by prizecourts, shall be considered as finally condemned.

Those which were not condemned on the day mentioned shall be restored, with the cargo, so far as it still exists.

If the restitution of the vessels and cargoes is no longer possible, compensation will be made to the owners for their value, estimated at the selling-price. ART. XIV. Both of the treaty powers will carry on in their territory the works commenced for the navigation of the Moselle. The common debts of the separated parts of the two Departments Meurthe and Moselle shall be liquidated.

ART. XV. The high contracting powers mutually engage to extend to the subjects on both sides the measures which they would consider necessary in favor of those belonging to their state, who, in consequence of the occurrences of war, were removed from the possibility of appearing at the right time for the prosecution and maintenance of their rights.

ART. XVI. Both the German and French Governments mutually engage to respect the graves of soldiers buried in their districts, and to allow them to be kept in order.

ART. XVII. The regulation of the incidental points on which an understanding must be obtained, in consequence of this treaty and the preliminary treaty, will be the subject of further negotiations, to take place in Frankfort.

ART. XVIII. The ratifications of this treaty by His Majesty the German Emperor, on one part, and, on the other part, by the National Assembly and the Chief of the Executive Power of the French Republic, will be exchanged in Frankfort within ten days, or earlier if possible.

For the attestation of this treaty, the plenipotentiaries on both sides have annexed their signatures and seals.

Done at FRANKFORT, May 10, 1871.

[L. L. S.

L. S.

[L. S.]

L. S.]

[L. 8.]

VON BISMARCK,
ARNIM,

JULES FAVRE,
POUYER-QUERTIER,

E. DE GOULARD.

Additional Articles.

ARTICLE I. 1. From this time forward until the period appointed for the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, the French Government will make use of its right of redemption of the concession given to the Eastern Railway Company. The German Government will enter upon all rights, which the French Government shall have acquired through the redemption of the concession, so far as it depends upon the railroads situated in the ceded districts, either finished or in process of building.

§ 2. In this concession are contained:

1. All the real estate belonging to the company mentioned, whatever its destiny may be ; for instance, station-buildings, sheds, workshops and storehouses, houses of the railway-guards, etc.

2. All immovable property belonging to them, as barriers, fences, switches, signals, turn-tables, pumps, hydraulic cranes, stable-engines, etc.

3. All fuel and stores of every kind, furniture in the railway-stations, implements in the workshops and railway-stations, etc.

4. The sums which are due the Eastern Railway Company, such as subventions granted from the corporations, or private personages settled in the ceded districts.

§3. The rolling-stock is excluded from this assignment. The German Government will restore to the French Government that part of the rolling-stock, together with the appurtenances, that may happen to be found in their possession.

4. The French Government engages to free the ceded railways, and whatever may belong to them, so far as the German Empire is concerned, of all legitimate claims, which could afterward be raised by a third party, principally the claims of the obligees. It also engages, if necessary, to answer for the German Government in referance to reclamations, which might be raised against the German Government, by creditors of the roads in question.

5. The French Government takes upon itself the reclamations which the Eastern Railway Company could raise against the German Government or its proxies, in respect to the profits of the railroads mentioned, and the use of the objects intimated in § 2, as well as the rolling-stock.

The German Government will furnish the French Government, on its demand, all documents and intelligence, which could serve to determine the facts upon which the above-mentioned reclamations would rest.

6. The German Government will pay the French Government for the cession of the rights of possession, intimated in §§ 1 and 2, and as compensation for the obligation taken upon itself by the French Government in § 4, the sum of three hundred and twentyfive millions (325,000,000) franes.

This sum will be deducted from the war indemnification stated in Art. VII.

In consideration that the circumstance which has served as a foundation for the treaty concluded between the Eastern Railway Company and the Royal Grand-ducal Company of the William-Luxembourg Railways, under the dates of June 6, 1857, and January 21, 1868; and further, that concluded between the government of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg and the companies of the William-Luxembourg Railways and the French Eastern Railway, under the date of December 5, 1868, is substantially altered, so that the treaties are no longer applicable to the state of affairs brought about by the stipulations contained in § 1; the German Government declares itself ready, on its side, to appear for the rights and liabilities arising out of these treaties for the Eastern Railway Company.

In case that the French Government should succeed, whether by the redemption of the concession of the Eastern Railway Company, or by a special agreement concerning the rights acquired by this company, by virtue of the above-mentioned treaties, it engages to surrender these rights to the German Government gratuitously, within six weeks.

In case that the surrogation mentioned should not be realized, the French Government will grant concessions to the lines belonging to the Eastern Railway Company, and situated on French soil, only on the express condition that the grantee shall not get control of the lines situated in the grand-duchy of Luxembourg.

ABT. II. The German Government offers two million francs for the rights and the property which the Eastern Railway Company possesses on that part of their lines lying in Swiss territory, on the frontier of Basle, if the French Government procures its consent within a month.

ART. III. The cession of territory near Belfort, which the German Government offers in Art. I. of this treaty, in exchange for the desired correction in the boundary on the west of Thionville, will be increased by the following villages: Rougemont, Leval, PetiteFontaine, Romagny, Félon, La Chapelle-sous-Rougement, Angeot, Vauthier-Mont, La Rivière, La Grange, Reppe, Fontaine, Frais, Fousse-magne, Cunelières, Montreux-Châteaux, Bretagne, Charaunes-les-Grands, Charaunatte, and Suarce.

The road from Giromagny to Remiremont, which extends through Waelschbelchen (Ballon d'Alsace), will, in its entire extent, remain in possession of France, and, as far as it lies outside of the Canton Giromagny, will serve as boundary.

Done at FRANKFORT, May 10, 1871.
VON BISMARCK, JULES FAVRE,
ARNIM.
POUYER-QUERTIER,
E. DE GOULARD.
The three side-treaties ran thus:

I.

The undersigned, after listening to the reading of

RAILROADS. The progress of the construction of railroads in the United States was comparatively slow until assistance was granted by Congress. This was given under the form of donations of the public lands, for the first time, in 1850. It conveyed six alternate sections of public lands of 640 acres each (and equalling 3,840 acres to the mile), to be taken by the odd numbers within six miles of the line of the road proposed. In case such a number of sections of odd numbers of public lands could not be found within six miles of such line (in consequence of previous sale), then the

the definitive treaty of peace, find the same in accordance with that which was agreed upon by them. In consequence of which, they have furnished the same with their signatures. The three Additional Articles were specially signed. It is agreed that these form an integral part of the treaty of peace.

The undersigned Chancellor of the German Empire has announced that he will take it upon himself to communicate the treaty to the Governments of Bavaria, Würtemberg, and Baden, and to procure their accession.

Done at FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, May 10, 1871.
VON BISMARCK, JULES FAVRE,
ARNIM.
POUYER-QUERTIER,
E. DE GOULARD.

II.

The second side-treaty contains simply the exchange of the ratifications.

III.

The undersigned have come to an agreement, and have determined the following:

According to Art. VII. of the definitive treaty of peace between the German Empire and French Republic, on the 10th of May instant, the first payment of five hundred millions shall take place within the thirty days following the restoration of the authority of the French Government in the city of Paris.

The mode of the payment is stated in the same Article.

The undersigned have meanwhile agreed that, for this one time, the conditions established for the payment shall be so modified, that one hundred and twenty-five million francs in notes on the Bank of France shall be taken in payment under the following conditions:

1. Forty millions shall be paid up to the 1st of June; the second forty millions up to the 8th of June, and the last forty-five millions up to the 15th of June.

2. The largest possible part of every payment shall take place in bank-notes of a hundred, fifty, or twenty francs; the payments shall be rendered in Strasbourg, Metz, or Mühlhausen.

A sum of one hundred and twenty-five millions on account of the second payment of one thousand millions, as is stipulated in Ärt. VII. of the definitive treaty of peace of May 10th, of this year, shall be paid within the sixty days following the time stipulated for the payment of the first five hundred millions. This payment of one hundred and twenty-five millions will follow in the values prescribed in the above-named Article VII., in case no other agreement shall have been made. Issued in duplicate at FRANKFORT, May 21, 1871. VON BISMARCK, JULES FAVRE, POUYER-QUERTIER.

grant was to be enlarged so as to apply to the odd sections within fifteen miles of the line, on either side, so as to make up the full amount intended to be granted. Many of the grants were subsequently further enlarged, so as to apply to sections of odd numbers within twenty miles of the line. The following tables, compiled chiefly at the office of the Railroad Journal, show the distribution of mileage and cost of railroads and equipments to the several geographical sections, States, and Territories of the Union, and also the gross results within the territorial limits of the United States: