The exports at all the custom-houses of the republic were announced, in 1865, at 26,490,000 pesos fuertes. To the above products must also be added, cattle, horses, mules, etc. (1,400,000 pesos fuertes), and copper, silver, and 1,404,632 gold (600,000 pesos fuertes).

The movement of shipping at the port of 7,223,012 Buenos Ayres was, in 1869, as follows:

ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION.

On the 1st of July, 1871, according to the President's message, there were 531 millas of railroads (1 milla=1.85 kilometre) in operation, 244 millas in process of building, and 1,954 millas were under contract.

According to the same message there are at present 1,288 millas of telegraphs in operation, while 2,630 millas were to be laid next year.

At the beginning of the year, the rebel leader, Lopez Jordan, was at the head of an army numbering from 14,000 to 15,000 men, General Arredonda, who had of all arms. been placed in command of the national forces, Lopez had achieved a few partial successes. not only held the province of Entre Rios under his control, but was making incursions into the bordering provinces of Santa Fé and Corrientes. In April his forces were thoroughly routed by those of the national Government, and the province of Entre Rios pacified. The only province then remaining under the rule of rebel chiefs was Santiago.

In March and April, the city of Buenos Ayres and the vicinity suffered terribly from the ravages of the yellow fever. For several weeks business was entirely suspended. Of foreign nationalities, the Italian suffered the most fatally; the Germans and English were The Germans and the Swiss less afflicted. established aid societies, in order to assist their The city authorities suffering countrymen. made the most praiseworthy exertions to supply the most needy with necessaries. Only a number of native physicians cowardly fled from the city. Immediately on the outbreak of the epidemic, a committee of prominent men, representing all nationalities, was formed to assist the Government and the faithful physicians. They appointed and paid physicians to visit the poor in their houses, and directed all druggists gratuitously to supply those bearing a certificate from the committee with the needed medicine. They furnished a number of beds, paid out large amounts of money for the sick, appointed more than two thousand nurses, and established eating-houses, from which the sick and the convalescent, with their families, could receive wholesome food. At the head of the committee was Dr. José Perez, grand-master of the Argentine Freemasons; he soon fell a victim to his philanthropic zeal. The committee of immigration and the national Government immediately after the outbreak of the epidemic caused the immigrants, at public expense, to be sent to the ports of the interior, which were not infected. President Sarmiento, in his message to the Argentine Congress, remarked with regard to the epidemic: "The capital in the course of time has become more and more powerful, as is proved by the increase of its commerce; but attention has not to an equal degree been directed to those works, without which a large city cannot remain healthy and prosperous. Thus the danger came upon us

unexpectedly, and our terrible experience will
Among
lead to the most stringent measures for puri-
fying and airing the city, and perhaps the un-
these buildings will be the new port, which it
healthy parts will be built anew.
is thought can be safely and conveniently con-
structed, at an expense of two million pounds
the mortality caused by the epidemic up to May
sterling, within six years. Official returns of
11th placed the total number of victims at
13,403, a figure much under the estimate which
The transatlantic telegraph about the middle
had been made by the press and the public.
of the year was completed to San Luis, and
the snow-cable across the Cordillera was be-
There is now telegraphic communica-
gun.
tion extending through the most remote prov-
inces of the republic, and it was generally
hoped that, by the end of the year 1871, there
would be connection with Chili and the Pacific.
At the same time, an overland line was about
guaron (Rio Grande), and, as the wires already
to be, laid down from the river Plate to Ya-
extended southward from Rio Janeiro to Port
Alegre, the republic would soon be in momen-
A concession to lay a line from Rio Janeiro to
tary communication with the Brazilian capital.
Para (near the mouth of the Amazons) was
granted to Mr. Lamas, of Buenos Ayres, by
the Brazilian Government.

President Sarmiento, in September, vetoed
a resolution of Congress, to transfer the capi-
tal of the confederation to Villa Maria. In
his message to Congress, he urged that, in
order to protect arms, munitions, etc., against
internal enemies, it would be necessary to for-
munication of Villa Maria with Rosario or
tify Villa Maria. If, in such a case, the com-
Buenos Ayres should cease, the Government
would be lost, as arms and munitions were not
Consequently, in order to pre-
manufactured in the country, but imported
from abroad.
vent this, the towns of Rosario, Cordoba, and
Rio Cuarto, would also have to be fortified.
To the expenses for fortifying these four places,
there would, moreover, be added the expense
for a number of new buildings-as a capitol
for Congress, buildings for the President, the
ministers, for the press of the Government, a
prison, a post-office, barracks, etc. Besides, the
region around Villa Maria was unwholesome.
Therefore, Buenos Ayres must, for the present,
be the capital. The resolution having been
returned to Congress, the Senate again gave to
it the two-thirds majority which is required to
carry it over the President's veto; but, the
House giving a tie-vote, the project has failed
for the present.

The following is an extract from the report of education in the Argentine Republic: of Minister Avellaneda, showing the progress

The department of public instruction has been very busy during the past year in establishing new schools, lar education, and losing no opportunity to enlighten granting subsidies, improving every branch of popuand instruct all classes of the people, especially in the more remote provinces, where the lamp of learn

ARKANSAS.

ing shed but a flickering and uncertain light amid a
dense fog of ignorance.

The provinces cooperate in the good work. San
Juan gained the prize of $10,000 for having one-tenth
of its population attending schools, and devotes the
money to the establishment of upper schools. Entre
Rios spent the entire subsidy from the Federal Gov-
ernment in new colleges. Salta is building a splen-
did structure of this kind, and Tucuman has voted
three times its usual sum for educational purposes.
Corrientes has subscribed $4,000 to bring out school-
furniture and books from the United States. Rioja
has arisen from a lethargy of generations, and every
where the spirit of Sarmiento is calling into life
schools and an incipient thirst for improvement.
The number of children attending school in the
republic is, according to the census, 89,500, but,
according to the returns of the various schools,
77,000 children will be much nearer the truth.
Hence the minister calculates that at present 350,000
children do not attend school. He adds that two-
thirds of the 40,000 immigrants arriving cannot read.
The statistical returns of education in the various
provinces are:

Buenos Ayres city... 15,781 | Tucuman..
Buenos Ayres camp.. 13,656 Mendoza..
San Juan..

Corrientes.

Cordoba..

Santa Fé.

Santiago del Estero.
Entre Rios.

Total..

6,873 Catamarca.

5,720 Salta..

5,261 Rioja.

5,000 Jujuy..

4,500 San Luis
3,691

full term of six years, commencing on the 4th of March. The Governor's message at the opening of the session was very moderate in tone, and contained many popular suggestions, favoring a short and busy session, retrenchment of expenses, reduction of the number of offices, etc. On the 10th of January he was elected to the United States Senate by a vote ballot of the two Houses, but soon after a spirit of 78 out of a total number of 107, on a joint of opposition to his plans and purposes was to the Lieutenant-Governor, J. M. Johnson, as developed. He was himself strongly opposed his successor in the Executive office, and was apparently determined to prevent his accession to that position. It was said that, prior to his withdraw his opposition, and had afterward own election as Senator, he had professed to renewed it. However that may have been, bis friends soon made an effort to have the Lieutenant-Governor impeached. Owing to alleged 2,833 frauds in Pulaski County, there had been two 2,500 2,475 claimants for the seat in the Senate for that 2,239 district: Mr. Riley, a friend of the Governor, who had received the certificate of election, and Mr. Brooks, who claimed to have received a greater number of legal votes. Mr. Brooks Lieutenant-Governor, in spite of the protests had appeared first, and was sworn in by the of some of the supporters of the claims of Riley. Subsequently Riley appeared, and the report of the Committee on Elections. The seat was awarded to him in accordance with a action of the Lieutenant-Governor in swearing in Mr. Brooks was made the basis of the articles of impeachment which were prepared against him. The specifications were:

2,900

2,000
1,784

77,218

This number includes 1,884 youths in the 14 national colleges, being an increase of more than 80 per cent. on the returns for last year. In 1867 Rioja was destitute of schools, while at present it has, besides a high-school with 217 students, over 2,000 children in course of instruction.

The Government attaches great importance to normal schools for the training of teachers. The first will shortly be opened in Parana, under the direction of Mrs. George Stearns, from the United States, with a salary of $2,400, and a female teacher at $1,000 per annum. The new national college at Corrientes, under Dr. Fitzsimmons, has already 156 students, and receives a subsidy of $2,000.

Night schools have been opened in Buenos Ayres, Salta, and Santiago del Estero, each with an attendance of about 100 to 200 adults. Libraries will also in a short time be opened in the upper provinces for the use of the public at $1,500 each. Kindergartens also are introduced, the first being opened at Buenos Ayres. The observatory at Cordoba will soon be opened under the direction of Dr. Gould, who is shortly expected, with his staff, from the United States. Congress has also authorized the minister to send abroad for 20 first-class professors for the University of Cordoba and the national colleges; eight are expected from Germany.

The new subsidies granted during the year amount to $90,660, viz.:

Rioja.

Entre Rios.

San Juan....
Corrientes

.$19,080 | Jujuy....

13,500 Mendoza..

12,500 Salta..

12,500 Catamarca

....

$3,000
2,100

2,100
2,500

1,100
2,000

San Luis.. Tucuman... 4,680 Santiago del Estero.. 1,500 4.500 Swiss Colonies.. Santa Fé.. 4,500 Miscellaneous... Buenos Ayres... 4,200 ARKANSAS. The Arkansas Legislature assembled on the first Monday of January, and had rather a stormy session of nearly three months. Governor Clayton was accused of using his personal and official influence, and even resorting to fraud and corruption, in the election of the preceding November, for the purpose of securing a majority of members who would vote for him as Senator in Congress for the

on the 26th of January, 1871, wilfully, cor1. That Lieutenant-Governor Johnson did, ruptly, and wrongfully swear in as a Senator Joseph Brooks, thereby becoming guilty of a high misdemeanor.

in Mr. Brooks, before his qualification as a Sen2. That he did wilfully, corruptly, etc., swear ator had been passed upon by the Senate.

ly, etc., refuse to entertain an appeal from his 8. That he did wilfully, wrongfully, corruptdecision, when objections were raised to the swearing in of Mr. Brooks.

4. That he did wilfully, etc., swear in Mr. Brooks, contrary to law, usage, and right, and is therefore guilty of a high crime and misde

meanor.

This movement did not meet with much favor, being regarded merely as a pretext to get rid of Mr. Johnson, and prevent his becoming Governor, and the motion to impeach postponed by a decisive vote. Application was was, after some warm discussion, indefinitely then made to the Supreme Court for a writ of quo warranto to oust the Lieutenant-Govnot taken the oath of office within fifteen days ernor from office, on the ground that he had after being notified of his election (in 1868), as was pending before the court, two of the was required by law. While this application

ARKANSAS.

judges, for some unexplained reason, resigned, and their places were supplied by appointment of the Governor. The writ of quo warranto was granted, requiring Mr. Johnson to show by what authority he held the office of Lieutenant-Governor. He shortly made answer, declaring that he was notified of his election on the 1st of May, 1868, and not on the 1st of April, as had been alleged, and that he "within fifteen days from and after the time said notice of his election aforesaid was officially served upon him, to wit, on the 5th day of May, A. D. 1868, at the city of Little Rock aforesaid, and before he entered on the discharge of the duties of said office of Lieutenant-Governor of said State of Arkansas, took the oath of office prescribed in section 17 of article 15 of said constitution, and which oath of office was then and there administered to him, the said respondent, by the Hon. T. D. W: Yonley, chancellor of the separate Chancery Court of the county of Pulaski, in said State, and thereupon afterward, and on the same day and year last aforesaid, at said city of Little Rock, he, this respondent, entered upon the discharge of the duties of said office of Lieutenant-Governor, and has ever since then continued to, and now does, have, hold, use, exercise, and enjoy the same, and all and singular the rights, franchises, privileges, and immunities thereof, as he may and of right lawfully do."

At about the same time a bill was introduced in the Senate by Mr. Mallory, who was the Governor's personal choice as his own successor, to the following effect:

SECTION 1. That the office of all officers elected at the election held on the 13th of March, A. D. 1668, and succeeding days, provided for by the schedule to the constitution of this State, and all offices filled by appointment of the Governor, where the officers filling such offices have not qualified and entered upon the discharge of the duties of their offices within fifteen days after they have been duly notified of their election or appointment, shall be deemed, and they are hereby declared vacant; and no such officer, who shall have failed to qualify and enter upon the discharge of his duties, as prescribed by this act, shall hereafter exercise the functions or discharge the duties of such office.

SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That the provisions of this act shall extend to all officers hereafter to be elected or appointed in this State.

SEC. 3. Be it further enacted, That this act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage, and all acts or parts of acts in conflict with this act are hereby repealed.

This act was never passed, owing, perhaps, to the turn which events afterward took; but it serves to show in some measure the animus of the proceedings against the Lieutenant-Governor and the concert of action between the Governor and his friends in the Legislature.

While the case of Lieutenant-Governor Johnson was still pending before the Supreme Court, a movement was set on foot in the House of Representatives for the impeachment of both Governor Clayton and Chief-Justice McClure. The opponents of the Governor had

increased to a majority in that body, and on
the 16th of February the following was pro-
posed by Mr. Padgett, as he said, for the pur-
poses of justifying charges which had been
made by himself and others:

Whereas, Powell Clayton, Governor of the State of
Arkansas, has been guilty of malfeasance in office,
1. That he has conspired with the members of the
and high crimes and misdemeanors, in this:
Supreme Court of the State of Arkansas to maliciously
and unlawfully deprive Lieutenant-Governor James
M. Johnson of his said office of Lieutenant-Governor,
to which he was duly and lawfully elected by the
people of the State of Arkansas, and for which he
said State.
qualified according to the constitution and laws of

2. That he has unlawfully removed an officer of the
county of Clark, in said State of Arkansas, to wit:
N. H. Lock, County and Probate Judge of said coun-
said Lock, was duly and constitutionally elected by
ty, from his said office, to which said office he, the
the people of said county.

3. That he directed, encouraged, and aided in frauds in the elections of senator and three repreteenth district of the State of Arkansas, composed of sentatives to the General Assembly from the thirthe counties of Hot Spring, Montgomery, Polk, and Scott, in said State of Arkansas.

4. That he has accepted pecuniary considerations for issuing bonds or obligations of the State of Arkansas to and in favor of the Memphis & Little Rock regard of his official duty as Governor of the State of Railroad Company, in utter violation of law and disArkansas; also, that he has accepted pecuniary conState of Arkansas to and in favor of the Little Rock siderations for issuing bonds or obligations of the of law and disregard of his official duty as Governor & Fort Smith Railroad Company, in utter violation of the State of Arkansas.

5. That, as Governor of the State of Arkansas, he has issued bonds or obligations of said State to the pany, when said company was notoriously not entiMississippi, Ouachita & Red River Railroad Comtled to the same, under the act of the General Assem6. That he has been guilty of other misconduct and malfeasance in office, and other high crimes and bly of the State of Arkansas, approved July 21, 1868. misdemeanors.

Therefore, I move:

1. That the said Powell Clayton, Governor of the State of Arkansas, be and he is hereby impeached of misconduct and malfeasance in office, and high crimes and misdemeanors, and that the said Powell Clayton be and is hereby suspended from exercising the functions of Governor of the State of Arkansas, 2. That D. J. Smith, of Columbia County; F. M. Thompson, of Columbia County; B. B. Battle, of in conformity to and with the constitution thereof. E. A. Fulton, of Drew County; W. B. Padgett, of Hempstead County; A. Mason, of Calhoun County; Independence County; and R. A. Howard, of Pulaski County, members of the House, be and they are hereby appointed managers on the part of the House pare articles of impeachment against the said Powell of Representatives of the State of Arkansas, to preClayton, as Governor of the State of Arkansas, with full power to examine witnesses and otherwise conduct the trial of impeachment in the name and on 3. That said managers be instructed to go immebehalf of all the people of the State of Arkansas. diately to the Senate, and at the bar thereof, in the name of the House of Representatives, and of all the people of the State of Arkansas, to announce the impeachment of Powell Clayton, Governor of the State of Arkansas, for misconduct and maladministration ate that the House of Representatives will, in due of his office as such Governor, and acquaint the Sentime, exhibit particular articles of impeachment against him, and make good the same, and that the