1. Treaties and Agreements a. Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1 Treaty Banning _Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water; Done at Moscow, U.S.S.R., on August 5, 1963; Ratification advised by the Senate September 24, 1963; Ratified by the President of the United States October 7, 1963; Ratifications of the Governments of the United States, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics deposited with the said Governments at Washington, London, and Moscow October 10, 1963; Proclaimed by the President October 10, 1963; Entered into Force October 10, 1963 The Governments of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, hereinafter referred to as the "Original Parties". Proclaiming as their principal aim the speediest possible achievement of an agreement on general and complete disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the United Nations which would put an end to the armaments race and eliminate the incentive to the production and testing of all kinds of weapons, including nuclear weapons, Seeking to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time, determined to continue negotiations to this end, and desiring to put an end to the contamination of man's environment by radioactive substances, Have agreed as follows: ARTICLE I 1. Each of the Parties to this Treaty undertakes to prohibit, to prevent, and not to carry out any nuclear weapon test explosion, or any other nuclear explosions at any place under its jurisdiction or control: (a) in the atmosphere; beyond its limits, including outer space; or underwater, including territorial waters or high seas; or (b) in any other environment if such explosion causes radioactive debris to be present outside the territorial limits of the State under whose jurisdiction or control such explosion is conducted. It is understood in this connection that the provisions of this subparagraph are without prejudice to the conclusion of a treaty resulting in the permanent banning of all nuclear test explosions, including all such explosions underground, the conclusion of which, as the Parties have stated in the Preamble to this Treaty, they seek to achieve. 2. Each of the Parties to this Treaty undertakes furthermore to refrain from causing, encouraging, or in any way participating in, the carrying out of any nuclear weapon test explosion, or any other 14 UST 1313; TIAS 5433; 480 UNTS 43. For a list of states which are parties to the Treaty, the Department of State publication, Treaties in Force. nuclear explosion, anywhere which would take place in any of the environments described, or have the effect referred to, in paragraph 1 of this Article. ARTICLE II 1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. The text of any proposed amendment shall be submitted to the Depositary Governments which shall circulate it to all Parties to this Treaty. Thereafter, if requests to do so by one-third or more of the Parties, the Depositary Governments shall convene a conference to which they shall invite all the Parties, to consider such amendment. 2. Any amendment to this Treaty must be approved by a majority of the votes of all the Parties to this Treaty, including the votes of all of the Original Parties. The amendment shall enter into force for all Parties upon the deposit of instruments of ratification by a majority of all the Parties, including the instruments of ratification of all of the Original Parties. ARTICLE III 1. This Treaty shall be open to all States for signature. Any State which does not sign this Treaty before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article may accede to it at any time. 2. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the Original Parties-the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics-which are hereby designated the Depositary Governments. 3. This Treaty shall enter into force after its ratification by all the Original Parties and the deposit of their instruments of ratification. 4. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession. 5. The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification of and accession to this Treaty, the date of its entry into force, and the date of receipt of any requests for conferences or other notices. 6. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. ARTICLE IV This Treaty shall be of unlimited duration. Each Party shall in exercising its national sovereignty have the right to withdraw from the Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events, related to the subject matter of this Treaty, have jeopard ized the supreme interests of its country. It shall give notice of such withdrawal to all other Parties to the Treaty three months in advance. ARTICLE V This Treaty, of which the English and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly certified copies of this Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to the Governments of the signatory and acceding States. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed this Treaty. DONE in triplicate at the city of Moscow the fifth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-three. NOTE.-See also Article IV of the Treaty on Outer Space, page 1008 b. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1 Done at Washington, London, and Moscow July 1, 1968; Ratification advised by the Senate of the United States of America March 13, 1969; Ratified by the President of the United States of America November 24, 1969; Ratification of the United States of America deposited at Washington, London, and Moscow March 5, 1970; Proclaimed by the President of the United States of America March 5, 1970; Entered into force March 5, 1970 The States concluding this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the "Parties to the Treaty", Considering the devastation that would be visited upon all man kind by a nuclear war and the consequent need to make every effort to avert the danger of such a war and to take measures to safeguard the security of peoples, Believing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seri ously enhance the danger of nuclear war, The conformity with resolutions of the United Nations Genera Assembly calling for the conclusion of an agreement on the preven tion of wider dissemination of nuclear weapons, Undertaking to cooperate in facilitating the application of Inter national Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on peaceful nuclear ac tivities, Expressing their support for research, development and other ef forts to further the application, within the framework of the Inter national Atomic Energy Agency safeguards system, of the principl of safeguarding effectively the flow of source and special fissionabl materials by use of instruments and other techniques at certai strategic points. Affirming the principle that the benefits of peaceful application of nuclear technology, including any technological by-product which may be derived by nuclear-weapon States from the develop ment of nuclear explosive devices, should be available for peacefu purposes to all Parties to the Treaty, whether nuclear-weapon non-nuclear-weapon States, Convinced that, in furtherance of this principle, all Parties to th Treaty are entitled to participate in the fullest possible exchange scientific information for, and to contribute alone or in cooperatio with other States to, the further development of the applications atomic energy for peaceful purposes, Declaring their intention to achieve at the earliest possible da the cessation of the nuclear arms race and to undertake effectiv measures in the direction of nuclear disarmament, Urging the cooperation of all States in the attainment of the objective, Recalling the determination expressed by the Parties to the 190 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere in Out 121 UST 483: TIAS 6839. For a list of states which are parties to the Treaty, see Departme of State publication, Treaties in Force. Space and Under Water 2 in its Preamble to seek to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time and to continue negotiations to this end, Desiring to further the easing of international tension and the strengthening of trust between States in order to facilitate the cessation of the manufacture of nuclear weapons, the liquidation of all their existing stockpiles, and the elimination from national arsenals of nuclear weapons and the means of their delivery pursuant to a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, Recalling that, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, States must refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations, and that the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security are to be promoted with the least diversion for armaments of the world's human and economic resources, Have agreed as follows: ARTICLE 1 Each nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to transfer to any recipient whatsoever nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or control over such weapons or explosive devices directly, or indirectly; and not in any way to assist, encourage, or induce any non-nuclear-weapon State to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, or control over such weapons or explosive devices. ARTICLE II Each non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes not to receive the transfer from any transferor whatsoever of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or of control over such weapons or explosive devices directly, or indirectly; not to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices; and not to seek or receive any assistance in the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. ARTICLE III 1. Each non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes to accept safeguards, as set forth in an agreement to be negotiated and concluded with the International Atomic Energy Agency in the cordance with the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Agency's safeguards system, for the excluive purpose of verification of the fulfillment of its obligations assumed under this Treaty with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. Procedures for the safeguards required by this article shall be followed with respect to source or special fissionable *See page 31 of text. |