The Judges are appointed for four years, and the term of the present Judges expires July 4th, 1846. The Territory is divided into three judicial districts, and the Judges perform circuit duties. The Supreme Court, composed of all the Judges, meets annually, in July, at Iowa City.

XXX. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

The District of Columbia is under the immediate government of Congress. The city of Washington became the seat of the government of the United States, in 1800; and it is the residence of the President, and the other chief executive officers of the national government.

* According to a census prepared in 1841, by the Mexican "National Institute of Geography and Statistics." But this number includes Yucatan and Texas, and is evidently too small.

The present population of most of the above States has not been very recently ascertained with any exactness.

Provinces.

Lower Canada,

BRITISH AMERICAN PROVINCES.

SIR CHARLES T. METCALFE, Governor-General, Vice-Admiral, and CaptainGeneral of all the British Provinces of North America.

8, 1844 45 Lutheran 1, 1825 29 Gr'k Ch. 3, 1839 54 Lutheran 20, 1837 18 Pr. Ep. 7, 1840 48 Reform'd 21, 1831 40 Luth'n* 7, 1840 45 Evang'l 6, 1836 39 Catholic* 20, 1837 66 Protes'nt 7, 1842 19 Lutheran Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Aug. 12, 1779 Nov. 6, 1816 37 do. July 13, 1783 May 21, 1829 46 April 25, 1806 April 25, 1831 25

Oscar I.
Nicholas I.

Emperor Russia

King Sweden and Norway July,

July

Christian VIII.

King

Denmark

Sept.

Great Britain

May

William II.

King

Holland or Netherlands

Dec.

Leopold

do.

Fred. Wm. IV. do.

Prussia

Oct.

1799 Mar. 6, 1796 Dec. 18, 1786 Dec. 24, 1819 June 6, 1792 Oct. 16, 1790 July 15, 1795 June 18, 1797 June 5, 1771 July 28, 1823 Mar.

Gr. Duke Mecklenburg-Schwer. Feb.

Gr. Duke Saxe-Weimar-Eisen Feb.
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Jan.
Saxe-Meiningen- Hild. Dec.

Ch. Frederick

Ernest

Duke

Bernard

do.

Joseph

do.

Saxe-Altenburg

Leopold

do.

Anhalt-Dessau

Alexander

Henry

do.

Anhalt-Cothen

July

Fred. Gunther

Prince

Schwartz'g Rudolst't.
Schwartz'g Sonder'n

Nov.

Sept.

Henry XX.

do.

Reuss, Elder Line

June

Henry LXII.

do.

Reuss, Younger Line

Leopold

do.

Lippe-Detmold

George William do.

Lippe-Schauenburg

George

do.

Waldeck

do. do.

do.

do. do.

24, 1817 Aug. 20, 1839 22 Evang'l 2, 1783 June 14, 1828 45 Lutheran 2, 1781 Dec. 9, 1806 22 17, 1800 Dec. 24, 1803 3 Aug. 27, 1789 Sept. 29, 1834 45 Oct. 1,1794 Aug. 9, 1817 22 Evang'l March 2, 1805 Mar. 24, 1834 29 do. 30, 1778 Aug. 23, 1830 52 Reform'd 6, 1793 April 28, 1807 13 Lutheran 24, 1801 Sept. 3, 1835 33 do. 29, 1794 Oct. 31, 1836 40 do. May 31, 1785 April 17, 1818 32 do. Nov. 6, 1796 April 4, 1802 5 Reform'd Dec. 20, 1784 Feb. 13, 1787 2 do. Sept. 20, 1789 Sept. 9, 1813 24 Evang'l March 11, 1779 Jan. 19, 1839 60 Reform'd Aug. 29, 1790 Mar. 30, 1830 40 Evang'l July 28, 1777 Feb. 27, 1821 44 Reform'd Dec. 26, 1777 April 6, 1830 52 Lutheran Feb. 20, 1785 Oct. 17, 1831 46 Catholic Feb. 16, 1801 Sept. 12, 1838 37 do. May 26, 1796 April 20, 1836 39 do. Sept. 27, 1781 Oct. 30, 1816 35 Lutheran Aug. 25, 1786 Oct. 13, 1825 39 Catholic April 19, 1793 Mar. 2, 1835 42

do.

Maria Louisa

Oct. 6, 1773 Aug. 9, 1830 57
Oct. 10, 1830 Sept. 29, 1833 3
April 4, 1819 May 2, 1826 7
Oct. 2, 1798 April 27, 1831 32
Oct.
3, 1797 June 18, 1824 26
Dec. 12, 1791 May 30, 1814 22
Oct. 6, 1779 June 8, 1815 35
Dec. 23, 1799 Mar. 13, 1824 24
Sept. 18, 1765 Feb. 2, 1831 65
Jan. 12, 1810 Nov. 8, 1830 20
June 1, 1815 May 7, 1832 17
April 20, 1823 July

Modena and Massa
Lucca

*The King of Saxony is a Catholic, though the greater part of his subjects are Protestants; the King of Belgium is a Protestant, though his subjects are mostly Catholics; and the King of Greece is a Catholic, though most of his subjects are of the Greek Church.

STATES OF EUROPE

In 1837, with the form of Government, Square Miles, and Population.

States and Titles.

Form of Government.

Square
Miles.

Population

*Anhalt-Bernburg, Duchy,

Andorra, Pyrenees, Republic, With two syndics and a council,

States having limited powers,

*Anhalt-Cothen,

do.

Do.

do.

*Anhalt-Dessau,

*Austria, Empire,

*Bavaria, Kingdom,

Absolute monarchy, except Hungary, &c.
Limited sovereignty;-two chambers,
Limited monarchy;

do.

Belgium, do.

do.

*Baden, Grand Duchy,

*Bremen, Free City, *Brunswick, Duchy,

Church, States of, Popedom, Cracow, Republic, †Denmark, Kingdom, France, do. *Frankfort, Free City, Great Britain, Kingdom, Greece, do.

*Hamburg, Free City,

*Hanover, Kingdom,

*Hesse-Cassel, Electorate,

Do

Republic;-senate and convention,
Limited sovereignty;- -one chamber,
Absolute elective sovereignty,

Senate and chamber of representatives,
Absolute monarchy;- with prov. states,
Limited monarchy;-two chambers,
Republic;-senate and legislative body,
Limited monarchy; - lords and commons,
Limited monarchy,

do.

Republic;-senate and common council,
Limited monarchy;· -two chambers,
Limited sovereignty;-one chamber,
*Hesse-Darmstadt, G. Duchy, Limited sovereignty-two chambers,
*Hesse-Homburg, Landg'v'te Absolute sovereignty,
*Hohenzollern-Hechingen Pr. Limited; -one chamber,
*Hohenzol.-Sigmaringen, do. Do.
Holland, with Luxemburg,
Ionian Islands, Republic,
*Lichtenstein, Principality,
*Lippe-Detmold, do.
*Lubec, Free City,
Lucca, Duchy,
*Mecklen.-Schweren, G. Du.
*Mecklenburg-Strelitz, do.
Modena and Massa, Duchy,
Monaco, Principality,
*Nassau, Duchy,

Limited monarchy;-two chambers,
Under Brit. protec.;-council and chamb.
Limited monarchy, with one chamber,

*Reus, Principalities of
Russia, Empire,
San Marino, Republic,
Sardinia, Kingdom,
*Saxony, do.
*Saxe-Altenburg, Duchy,
*Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, do.
*Saxe-Mein.-Hildburg., do.
*Saxe-Wiemar-Eisenach,do.

*Schwartzburg, Principal. of
*Schauenburg-Lippe, Prin.
Sicilies, The Two, Kingdom.
Spain,
do.
Sweden and Norway, do.
Switzerland, Republic,
$Turkey, Empire,

Tuscany, Grand Duchy, *Waldeck, Principality,

*Wurtemburg, Kingdom,

91

59,762 202,125 33,600,000 56,000 116,700 25,300,000 10,206 810,000

85,300

Republic;-senate and common council,
Limited sovereignty, with one chamber,
Limited monarchy, with one chamber,

Do.

Absolute sovereignty,

Do.

Limited sovereignty ;-
Absolute sovereignty,

Do.

Limited monarchy;-one chamber of rep.
Absolute monarchy;-provincial states,
Limited sovereignty;-one chamber,
Absolute monarchy,

Senate and council of ancients,
Absolute monarchy,

Limited monarchy;-two chambers,
Limited monarchy;-one chamber,

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.
Do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

Limited monarchy, with a council,
Limited monarchy, with a legislature,
Lim. monarchy, with a diet and storthing,
Confederation of republics; - a diet,
Absolute monarchy,

Absolute sovereignty,

Limited sovereignty;-one chamber,
Limited monarchy;-two chambers,

Total,

*Member of the Confederation of Germany.

.588 83,400

2,041,809 51,100,000

21

28,830 4,500,000

7,500

5,705 1,680,000

491

113,700

790

132,000

880

146,400

1,403

243,000

756

118,500

205 26,000

41,521 7,650,000 176,480 11,963,000 284,530 4,150,000 17,208 2,116,000 183,140 12,000,000 8,302 1,330,000 455 56,000 7,568 1,610,000 3,708,871 233,884,800

†The Continental part, 21,472 sq. miles, 2,040,000 inhabitants; the Islands, 38,290 sq. miles, 57,400 inhabitants.

Including the governments of Perm, Viatka, Kazan, Simbirsk, Penza, Saratof, Astrachan, and part of Orenburg: - also Poland, with 47,670 sq. miles, and 4,100,000 inhabitants. § Including Wallachia, Moldavia, and Servia.

GREAT BRITAIN.

THE ROYAL FAMILY.

The Queen. Alexandrina Victoria, born May 24, 1819; married Feb. 10, 1840, to Prince Albert Francis Augustus Charles Emanuel, of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, born Aug. 26, 1819.

Princess Royal. Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa, born Nov. 21, 1840. Prince of Wales. Albert Edward, born Nov. 9, 1841.

Princess Royal. Alice Maud Mary, born April 25, 1843.

A Royal Prince, Alfred Ernest Albert, born August 6, 1844.

The Queen Dowager. Adelaide Amelia Louisa Teresa Caroline, widow of King William IV., sister of the reigning Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, born August 13, 1792.

Her Majesty's Mother. Victoria Maria Louisa, Princess Dowager of Leiningen, Duchess of Kent, born Aug. 17, 1786.

Royal Princes and Princesses.

Ernest Augustus, (King of Hanover,) Duke of Cumberland, born June 5, 1771, married May 29, 1815, to Frederica Carolina Sophia, daughter of the Duke of Mecklenburgh-Strelitz, and widow of Frederic William, Prince of Solms-Braunfels, born March 2, 1778. Issue, George Frederic, born May 27, 1819.

Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge, born Feb. 24, 1774, married May 7, 1818, to Augusta Wilhelmina Louisa, daughter of the Landgrave of Hesse, born July 25, 1797. Issue, George William, born March 26, 1819; Augusta Caroline, July 19, 1822; Mary Adelaide, Nov. 27, 1833. Mary, Duchess of Gloucester, born April 25, 1776. Sophia, born Nov. 3, 1777.