invaders if the Danish language can survive so vigorously as it has, why should its folk-lore have perished? The expression is as common as Wick as a scoperil. Is it impossible to believe that the one is as Danish as the other? W. R. N. BARON. "DEAL FAITHFULLY WITH "REBUKE."-E. T. Raymond, in his Disraeli: The Alien Patriot,' at p. 252, writes: With the Liberal and Radical reformers he dealt faithfully.' This phrase seems to be in continual use, and to have lost its earlier implication. Originally it would seem to have started from a combination of three Biblical texts, viz.: (1) Proverbs xxvii. 6, 7, Open rebuke is better than secret love. Faithful are the wounds of a friend; but the kisses of an enemy are deceitful.” (2) Ephesians iv. 15, " Speaking the truth in love." (3) John iii. 5, Beloved, thou doest faithfully whatsoever thou doest to the brethren and to strangers." "" This last text merely means that Gaius had acted honestly, as the context proves (and cf. 2 Kings xii. 15, xxii. 7; 2 Chron. xix. 9, xxxiv. 12). However misapplied by the originator, probably a Puritan, the phrase implied the criticism of a professed friend, and not of a declared enemy. In its present sense it is merely journalese; and is not, I think, to be found in the N. E. D.' JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. THE NATION'S MEMORIAL TO NELSON: THE ALTO RELIEVO OF NELSON'S DEATH (see cxlvii. 241). The following is an interesting addition to the subject of Mr. Carew's work, a description of which is given at the foregoing refer ence: "On Monday, when the mould from Mr. Carew's design of the death of Nelson, which is to occupy the principal face of the base of the column in Trafalgar Square, was completed, the molten bronze was most successfully applied to the various apertures, and in a few minutes the various portions of the principal figure of the composition were faithfully secured in enduring bronze. The chief portion of the metal consisted of guns taken from the enemy's ships by Nelson himself. The base relief is 14 feet square, and is cast in three pieces, the greatest, the one now alluded to, being perhaps the largest sculptural bronze ever cast in this country (C.O. 59/13, Sept. 12, 1849). E. H. FAIRBROTHER. Readers' Queries. SIR ROLAND DE COYKIN.-In Harleian MS. 5858 at the British Museum, under Names of Gentry in all Countyes and blazon, Fo. 1. Cornwall and Devon," there appears "Reynold de Coykin: bendways de vj gu. et erm:' (Vide An Armoury of the Western Counties, 1838,' p. 54.) I suggest that the Christian name Reynold is a misreading of "Roland." A knight of the latter name came into prominence in Cornwall from 1303-1318 as the second husband of the widow of a Daubeny. In virtue of his wife's dower he held the Lordship of half the Manor of Fawton. The other half of the Manor had descended from the Suleny family to the Welyngtons. In the following extracts from Records (d) and (g) it will be seen that 'Reginald occurs twice apparently in error for "Roland." (a) In 1303. Hundred of West Wivelshire, Cornwall. John de Wylinton and Roland de Koykyn hold quarter part of one fee in Faweton. (Feudal Aids,' vol. i. p. 200). (b) In 1304 Nicholas de Trenoda died holding a ferling of land of Roland de Coykin as of his Manor of Fowyton. (Calen dar of Inquisitions, vol. iv. p. 204). (c) In 1308, Henry de Bodrigan died holding a rent in Tregensteg of Sir Roland de Coykin as of his Manor of Fowyton and a rent in Carburra of Henry de Welynton as of his Manor of Fowyton. (Calendar of Inquisitions, vol v. p. 65). (d) 21 Dec. 1308, Roland de Quekyn, miles, presented John, dictus Chyvaler, for ordination. Coykyn held to the end of his life of the inheritance of Ralph Daubeny. (Abbreviatio Rot. Orig. vol. i. p. 246, 12 Edward II). (g) In 1346. Hundred of West Wivelshire, Cornwall. Ralph Welinton and William Daubeny hold a quarter part of one fee in Fawinton, which John Welinton and Reginald de Quynquyns formerly held. (Feudal Aids,' vol. i. p. 213). (h) In 1324 an Inquisition about Nicholas de Trenoda, mentioning Roland de Coykin, was taken. Apparently it is only a confirmation and repetition of the Inquisition of 1304. (Calendar of Inquisitions, vol. vi. p. 345). In Lord Hylton's History of the Parish of Kilmersdon a pedigree of Daubeny is given, according to which, Joan, widow of Elias Daubeny, received her dower in 1305 and married secondly Roland de Cumbar (sic) before 8 April, 1309. Where is the authority for this? Ralph Daubeny, son of Elias and Joan, was born on 3 March, 1305; so Elias Daubeny died not earlier than 1 June, 1304. Is the entry in Feudal Aids of 1303 wrongly dated? Is it not more probable that Roland de Coykin married the widow of Philip Daubeny, who died in 1294, elder brother of Elias Daubeny? What more is known of the Coykin family? Bushire, Persian Gulf. F. B. PRIDEAUX. INSCRIPTION ON BRASS BOWL.—I have recently been shown a brass bowl, dating, I should say, from the seventeenth century, and measuring 16in. in diameter across the top. It narrows to 11in. across the bottom, the centre of which is embossed and considerably raised. Inside the bowl, round this embossed and ornamented centre, runs the following inscription in raised capital letters : CIFTS OF DRESSES TO CHURCHES.In The Romance of Edinburgh Streets,' by Mary D. Steuart, it is recorded on p. 3 that in 1437 James I of Scotland left his six-year-old son, Prince James, in Edinburgh Castle, while he and the Queen and Court went to spend Christmas at the Black Friars' monastery at Perth. There the King was murdered, and the young James II became a prisoner in Edinburgh Castle, while the Queen Mother, Joan of Beaufort, remained powerless at Stirling. But she was a woman of resource. She begged Chancellor Creichton to let her spend a few days with her son, and finally as a last request besought the Chancellor to permit her to remove her rich dresses, stored in the Castle in two great arks or coffers, in order to present them to the White Kirk of Brechin, whither she was going on a pilgrimage. Creichton granted such a reasonable request, and ordered extra mules to take them down to Leith. (One of the "arks" contained the young King James II). Would readers of N. & Q.' kindly furnish other historical instances of dresses presented to kirks or churches in Christendom? G. W. H. EDWARD MOXON: REGULATION OF BOOK PRICES.-In July, 1850, 1,200 booksellers within twelve miles of the London General Post Office, under pressure from the great wholesale houses, formed an assobooks below a certain price--an agreement ciation and signed an agreement not to sell almost immediately broken. In 1852 a second attempt was made to fix the selling price of books. Certain booksellers (Times, Association or refused to join it. 14 April, 1852) either withdrew from the Among them were Charles Knight, Bentley, Orr, Chapman, and Moxon. When the Commission, which was asked to consider the prob AMANTES ALLIGET HIC AURAS SI QUIS lem of retail price fixing by the publishers OBJURGAT AMANTES ET VETET ASSIDUAS CUR- The inscription being circular can, of course, be started at any point; but the above reading seems alone to fit the metrical arrangement of the words. It will be noticed that the hexameter contains a false quantity, "quis" being, of course, short. Can any of your readers explain (1) the origin and meaning of the inscription, (2) the use to which the bowl may have been put? It bears no indication of any ecclesiastical purpose. C. M. P. (consisting of Lord Campbell, Dean Milman, Edward Moxon came to London in 1818 from Yorkshire; he entered the service of Messrs. Longman and Co. in 1821. Can "SEVINGTON "A HAMPSHIRE PUZ ZLE.—On 3 June, 1777, Sir Francis Mannock, seventh baronet, made his will as of Sevington, county Southampton. He died childless. On 7 Oct, 1786, his brother Sir George, ninth baronet, made his will, and therein left the reversion of the Servington [sic] estate, Hampshire," to Mr. Thomas Talbot, of Little Ormond Street, S. George, Middlesex. Elsewhere this estate is called "Levington." The mother of Sir Francis and Sir George was Frances, daughter and heiress of George Yate, of North Waltham, Hampshire. Is "Sevington near N. Walsham? It cannot be Steventon. Please reply by postcard direct to C. PARTRIDGE, F.S.A. Stowmarket, Suffolk. RMS ON AN Still, in my experience, such names above AR Decimus are very uncommon. It might be of interest to collect instances of other such names above ten. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. LAMBERT AND THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION.-In interesting myself in local history I have run against a problem. Major-General John Lambert was apparently responsible for devising the Instrument of Government. When the American Colon ies drew up their constitution, their scheme was almost identical with Lambert's Instrument. Can any reader furnish a connecting link? The authorities consulted hesitate to make a definite pronouncement and for want of clear evidence suggest that similar circumstances led the Anglo-Saxon mind towards a similar solution: rather than that there was any conscious imitation of the English model. Has a Life of John Lambert ever been published? ITALIAN DOWER CHEST.-This has also been described as a Cardinal's robe-chest. It is in walnut; date c. 1500; arms without tinctures: A bend, thereon three fleurs-de-lis. The arms are situated beneath a central lock in front of the chest, and at one end of the chest is carved a patriarchal cross arising from undecipherable initials. Any information would be welcomed. H. R. PоPHAM BAKER. HEATHCOTE, V.C.-Can any reader tell me if a Captain or Major Heathcote of the 60th Rifles was awarded the V.C. during the Indian Mutiny, and give me any other information about him? JOHN H. RUSSELL. "MOGILA APUD SAXONES": CROME. -A German was professor of botany at Mogila apud Saxones. Where is that? His name is given as "Crome." Is anything known about him? W. B. GROVE. THE HE AMBIBARATI.-This people lived Valence. Have they left any trace of their on the right bank of the Rhone, near name in the locality? W. B. GROVE. THE STUART ROSE.-Miss Strickland, in her Lives of the Queens of England,' says: Henry of Lancaster caused the Myosotis arvensis, forget-me-not, to be an historical flower, like the subsequent fatal flowers, the roses of York and Lancaster and Stuart. What was the Stuart rose, and what circumstances are alluded to in this case? QUILL. PORTRAIT OF SIR EDWARD HALES, KNT. & BART., 1576-1654.-A portrait PERCY HULBURD. BERKSHIRE VILLAGE FEASTS.-Be- MR. Replies. BRADSHAWE THE REGICIDE (cl. 225, 283, 320, 351, 430, 462). R. ANDREW'S note suggests that he has ment that, according to tradition, Brad- :- My brother Henry must heir the land, Earwaker remarks that this tradition will "round MR. ANDREW gives inscriptions Surely the mother of the President was a It does not seem likely that Bradshawe was certainly born at Wibersley. R. S. B. At cl. 431 above Sir Thomas May is Eltham, 1625-55. (I hope soon to be able this head. This is now done so that as little to return it to the parish to which it be- mutilation as possible shall take place. If longed.) In the cess made from year to the calvarium in this head has been removed, year various persons are named as paying there may be remnants of sutures round the for the Great Park as tenants of the King. incision. This would strongly point to the After 1648, the Great Park disappears from embalming of the head. When Cromwell's the rate book, and there is no ownership victim's coffin was opened, the head was mentioned. This looks as if Bradshaw not found stitched to the body, and the stitchonly was given the house and land, but was ing covered with a black ribbon, thus coralso exempted from local rating or, quite roborating the brutal statement of the surpossibly, as if the inhabitants of Eltham geon who did it, that he "had sewn on the were afraid to ask him for the money. In head of a goose. "" The same procedure the same lists are the ratings for "the appears to have been followed in the case King's woods." After 1648 the same entry of the Duke of Monmouth. I believe there occurs, but in that year it is written with is, or was, a picture of him after execution a caret after King's" and above is writ- which shows the encircling ribbon. ten late." A little further on the entry appears as "The State, their tennants or possessors of the late King's woods." On the last page is the entry of the first mention of cricket in Kent, 1654, when sundry naughty boys were fined for playing cricket on the Lord's day." 1. As to the circular incision: If this is an incision only, it may have been made by the embalmer to drain off the fluids of the tissues. If the top of the skull has been removed then the incision is that which was made for this purpose. The only difference between that and the modern method is that the incision, in the old method, goes right through the scalp and the saw follows it, while in the modern method the incision is from side to side rather far back, and the tissues of the scalp being severed the bone is cut in exactly the same line as in The interesting account of the seventeenth century method of embalming given by MR. MUDDIMAN is practically the same as that in the eighteenth century English version of Dionis's Surgery.' Another most important point is this, is there any evidence of the presence of pitch or tar on the head? Most of these post mortem fragments of judicial dismember ment were more or less boiled, or at any rate dipped, in boiling tar or pitch. Possibly the embalming process in which the preservatives used would have produced a tanning of the tissues, made this unneccessary: state this without seeing the relic) the brain I think that in this case (and again, I was removed. Brain tissue is among the first to become thoroughly disintegrated, and so requires removal. Though here, there are many exceptions known to pathologists. Cromwell died, according to the then nomenclature, of a quartan ague. At any rate he died of a fever. Now fevers are apt to leave the body in an easily decomposable state. This would account for the continued fermentation of the tissues even after evisceration and embalming, and explain the early burial. But the embalming was evidently very well done, as MR. MUDDIMAN points out in quoting from the account of an eye-witness of the post mortem execution. The remains of Ireton and Bradshaw seem to have been not embalmed, as they were much more decayed. The question of decay is a complicated one, but it may be shortly summed up into two categories: (1) The nature of the disease causing death, and the age and physical constitution of the indiv idual; (2) The nature of the soil and of the coverings of the corpse. Those interested in these post mortem matters will find much of interest in Orfila's |