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THE

AMERICAN ALMANAC

AND

REPOSITORY

OF

USEFUL KNOWLEDGE,

FOR THE YEAR

1861.

VOLUME XXXII.

FOURTH SERIES, VOLUME II.

BOSTON:

CROSBY, NICHOLS, LEE AND COMPANY.

LONDON:

TRÜBNER & CO., 60 PATERNOSTER Row.

PARIS: HECTOR BOSSANGE.

1861.

5062

A467

A5

1861

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1861, by
GEORGE P. SANGER,

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

University Press, Cambridge:
Printed by Welch, Bigelow, and Company.

PREFACE.

A 5 1861

THE THIRTY-SECOND volume of the American Almanac, being the Second volume of the Fourth Series, is now offered to the public. Unwearied pains has been taken to collect full, authentic, and varied information concerning the complex affairs of the general and State governments; and a mass of official documents and private correspondence has been digested relating to the government, finances, legislation, public institutions, internal improvements, and resources of the United States, and of the several States. It is hoped that the present volume will be found equal to its predecessors in fulness and accuracy, and that it will sustain the high character of the American Almanac as a trustworthy manual for reference and a full repository of useful knowledge.

The Astronomical Department has been prepared by Mr. George P. Bond, Director of the Observatory at Cambridge. There is an interesting paper upon Meteorology by Professor Lovering, and an elaborate and exceedingly valuable article upon Pleuro-Pneumonia by Dr. Wyman, giving the history, pathology, symptoms, and nature of that destructive disease.

In the Second Part of the volume will be found full lists of the Executive and Judiciary of the General Government, including the chief officers and clerks of the several Departments, and of the Court of Claims; of Collectors of Customs, of Postmasters in the principal places, of Army and Navy Pension Agents, and of the Indian Superintendents and Agents; of the Inspectors of Steamboats and their Districts; of the Army, and the various Military Departments and Posts under the new organization; of the Navy, with the new rates of pay, the public vessels, and the Marine Corps; of our Ministers and Consuls in Foreign Countries, and of Foreign Ministers and Consuls in the United States. These lists have been corrected from official sources to the latest dates possible for publication. Later changes are noted in the "Additions and Corrections," at the end of the volume. The titles, Commerce and Navigation, and Revenue and Expenditure, published each year in the Almanac, are full and complete abstracts of the public documents of the same name, and the tables connected therewith, and with the Post-Office, Mint, and Public Lands, show the receipts and expenditures of the Government under their several heads, the public debt, the imports, exports, tonnage, coinage, sales of land, and the operations of the Post-Office Department, for each year since the adoption of the Federal Constitution. The rates of postage are believed to be complete and corThe Titles and Abstracts of the Public Laws and Joint Resolutions have been carefully prepared, and are sufficiently full, except for professional use. Among those this year of special interest are the Acts for the

rect.

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