better protection of female passengers; to increase and regulate the pay of the Navy; for carrying to the coast of Africa Negroes captured on board Slavers; to aid in establishing a telegraph line between the Atlantic and Pacific States; concerning divorces in the District of Columbia; giving judicial powers to ministers and consuls of the United States, in certain foreign countries; relating to the redemption of Treasury-notes, and the Public printing. Tables of the Fineness, Weight, and Value of foreign gold and silver coins; of the prices of certain articles of commerce in New York for forty years; of Railroads in this country, and of the surveyed routes to the Pacific; of Telegraphs and Submarine Telegraphs; of Colleges and Professional Schools in the United States; of the Population of the several States at the decennial periods, including the census of 1860; of the Debts, Property, and Expenses of the States; and of the Times of the State Elections and the Meetings of the State Legislatures, are given. The alphabetical arrangement of the Individual States, for obvious reasons substituted for the geographical, has been continued in this volume. The information concerning the Individual States is as full as in former years. It is believed that nowhere else can be found collected such full details respecting the Executive and Judiciary, the finances, schools, charitable institutions, and pauperism and crime, of the several States. Should any one note inaccuracies or deficiencies therein, he is urgently requested to correct them. The European part of the work, revised from the best authority to the latest dates, gives the several States of Europe, with their form of government, the name, title, and date of accession of the reigning sovereigns, the area and population of the several countries. It also gives the Royal Family, the Ministry, and the Judiciary of England, and the Ministry of France. The table of the population of the British Colonies was made up at the Colonial Office. The Obituary Notices and Chronicle of Events have been prepared with care. The space is so limited, that many names and events which otherwise would be given are necessarily omitted. The thanks of the Editor are particularly due to the Heads of Departments at Washington, and to his many contributors and correspondents, to whom the work is indebted for a great part of its value. A continuance of their favors is respectfully solicited. A work embracing such a multitude of facts must necessarily contain errors; persons who may detect any are earnestly requested to communicate them to the Editor. It is particularly desirable that these communications should not be anonymous. It is frequently a source of regret to the Editor, that he cannot suitably acknowledge the valuable hints and assistance of anonymous correspondents. It is a matter of some public interest, that a periodical which circulates so widely, both in Europe and America, and which is so universally trusted as a manual for reference, should be rendered as accurate as possible; and this end can be obtained only by the co-operation of many individuals. Communications should be addressed to the Editor of the American Almanac," Boston. Boston, Mass., January, 1861. Abstracts of Public Laws PAGE Agricultural Society, U. S., act to incor- American Obituary 418 Divorces in District of Columbia Eclipses in 1861 ...... PAGE 166, 377 .................... 32-35 416 158 Elections, State, time of................ 238 ......... Appropriations, U. S., for 1860, 1861 Army Officers, Pay of................. ......... ... ...... 156 European States ........ 144, 148 ............. 381 419 Events, Chronicle of, in 1859 and 1860.. 403 ........... 190 185 187 179 140 Federal Representative Population.. 242, 243 Arsenals in the United States.. ....... California California Gold...................... Capitals of States... Carriers, Letters, &c... Finances of the States. See States.. 240, 241 189 Florida. 378, 382 Flowering of Fruit-trees in 1860.. 134 ..... 263 110 198 115 Foreign Goods imported in 1858-59, 180-184 160, 163, 253 Foreign Ministers, &c. in U. S.......... 148 .......... .......... .... Census of U. States (Seventh) Circuit Courts of United States. ........... 399 ..... 204 Cities, Principal, Population of some. 245, Clerks of Circuit & District Courts of U.S. 418 ........................ ..... Coinage of Mint since 1792........... 218 Imports, Value of, in 1858-59... Colleges in United States................................... 232 Imports free of Duty. .......... 42-57 419 268 180-184 184 179 190 272 180-184 Debts of the States...................................... 240, 241 Land-Office, Registers, Receivers, &c. ... 123 Delaware. 228 116 Latitude and Longitude of Observatories 35, 36 Laws, Titles and Abstracts of Public .... ..... 115 156 Presidents of the U. S.. Letters, by Sea-going Vessels ....... 202, 205 Prisons, &c. See States. Letters, Registration of..... Letters, Return of undelivered.. Lighthouse Board Maine... Mail Service, Foreign... Marine Corps. ........ ... 156 232-235 Public Lands, Grants for Railroads...... 230 ........ 286 Railroads, Grants of Public Lands in aid of 230 Marine, Commercial, of the U. S........ 191 Receivers and Registers of Land-Office .. 123 Mars and Venus, Discs of.. Massachusetts ... ............ ................... Medical Schools in United States ....... 237 of....... Military Commands and Posts...... 129, 130 Rhode Island.. Ministers of U. S. in Foreign Countries.. Mint, Officers of, Coinage, &c. Naval Officers......................... 123 Smithsonian Institution.... Observatories, Latitude and Longitude of 35, 36 Tides, Height of Greatest, in 1860.. Ohio. Oregon. Overland Mail Route. Pacific Overland Route. 338 Titles and Abstracts of Public Laws. 356 134 Sovereigns of Europe 160 State Department... 116 136 State Elections, &c.... 238 127 State Finances, Debts, &c. 240, 241 134 Steamboat Inspectors 127 378 Supreme Court, U. S..... 138 419 Surplus Revenue, Division among States, 415 124 230 156 189 188-191 190 187, 188 116 Population of Chief Cities in U. S... 245, 418 Vessels and Tonnage from 1815-1859........ 191 Postmasters in Chief Towns and Cities... 118 Vote at Presidential Election of 1860. 416, 417 ................. 379 Post-Office, Distributing Offices.... 118-121 West Indian Governments... 161, 202 Vessels of War in U. S. Navy 126 369 117 377 246 Tonnage, Comp. View of, for 45 Years Pension Agents, Army and Navy.... 126, 127 Treaties in Eastern Countries, Act con- |