ture upon topics connected with the schools. Two agents were thus employed during the year. Provision is made by law for the education and training of young men to be principal teachers in the high schools in the Commonwealth, by establishing 48 State scholarships in the colleges of the State, and paying $100 annually to each. These scholarships are now filled, and their establishment has given a quickening impulse to the schools throughout the State. The report of the Secretary (23d report of the Board) gives some facts concerning the educational condition of the laborers employed in manufacturing corporations; and also statistics of the punitive and reformatory institutions of Massachusetts, showing the connection between ignorance and crime.

Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind. - -Samuel G. Howe, Director. The number of blind persons connected with the institution September 30, 1858, was 114; received up to Sept. 30, 1859, 28; discharged, 19; leaving, Sept. 30, 1859, 123. Of these 94 are resident in the institution and make up the household, and 29 are connected with the work department. These 29 are all adults; they do not reside in the building, but come daily to the shops to their work. About one quarter part of the pupils are beneficiaries from the other New England States; the rest are beneficiaries of Massachusetts. Young blind persons of good moral character can be admitted to the school on paying $200 per annum, which covers all expenses except for clothing. Indigent blind persons, of suitable age and character, belonging to Massachusetts, can be admitted gratuitously upon application to the Governor for a warrant. An obligation is required from some responsible person that the pupil shall be removed without expense to the institution, whenever it may be desirable to discharge him. Indigent blind persons residing in other New England States should apply to the Secretary of State in their own State. The usual period of tuition is from five to seven years. The State makes an annual grant to this institution of $12,000.

The

State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester. — Merrick Bemis, M. D., Superintendent. Hospital was opened for patients January 18, 1833. Since that time there have been admitted 5,976 patients (2,933 males and 3,043 females). Number of patients, October 1st, 1858, 301,-141 males, 160 females; admitted during the year, 200, 106 males, 94 females; under treatment during the year, 501, -247 males, 254 females; discharged, 184, -95 males, 89 females; remaining in the Hospital, September 30th, 1859, 317, — 152 males, 165 females. Of those admitted during the year, 134 (69 males, 65 females) were committed by the courts, and 20 (16 males, 4 females) by overseers of the poor. 71 foreigners (i. e. persons having no legal residence or settlement in the State), of whom 36 were males and 35 females, were admitted. 87 foreigners (41 males, 46 females) remained in the Hospital at the end of the year. Of the 184 patients discharged, 89 were recovered, 52 improved, 13 not improved, and 30 died. Supposed cause of insanity of some of those admitted since the opening of the Hospital:- ill health, 715; intemperance, 494; domestic affliction, 395; epilepsy, 127; puerperal, 141; jealousy, 40; masturbation, 270; hard labor, 79; religious excitement, 291; Millerism 10; spiritualism, 25; fear of poverty, 41. Since the opening of the Hospital, 669-349 males, 320 females have died. The principal diseases have been :- Marasmus, 96; consumption, 87; exhaustion, 73; epilepsy, 67; palsy, 33; apoplexy, 24; old age, 25; suicide, 22. The occupations of some of those admitted were as follows:- Housekeepers, 1,001; farmers, 459; laborers, 350; seamstresses, 317; shoemakers, 203; housemaids, 133; operatives in mill, 187; merchants, 113; sailors, 101; blacksmiths, 31; teachers, 52; clergymen, 19. Their ages were under 15, 53; between 15 and 20, 414; between 20 and 30, 1,700; between 30 and 40, 1,591; between 40 and 50, 999; between 50 and 60, 718; between 60 and 70, 345; between 70 and 80, 107; over 80, 23. 2,852 were unmarried, 2,531 were married, 144 were widowers, and 369 widows. 3,166 were insane less than one year before their admission, 638 more than one year and less than two years; 48 had been insane for more than thirty years. The Hospital is full with 276 patients, but by crowding can accommodate 306. There is a small farm connected with the Hospital, which gives the patients opportunities for recreation and labor. Steam is used for warming the building, and ventilation is forced by mechanical power. The plan adopted has been in operation three years, and has accomplished its work in the most thorough and successful

manner at a reasonable expense. The Hospital has been comfortably warmed in cold weather, been made cool in warm weather, and ventilated at all times. The receipts for the year were $60,451.23; expenditures $ 60,220.02.

State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton. - George C. S. Choate, M. D., Superintendent. This Hospital was opened for patients, and the first patient was admitted, April 7, 1854. The grounds contain nearly 134 acres, and the buildings are intended to accommodate 250 patients. Number of patients, September 30, 1858, 301 (156 males and 145 females); admitted ́during the year, 231 (122 males and 109 females); under treatment during the year, 532 (278 males, 254 females); discharged, 149 (84 males and 65 females); died, 42 (29 males and 13 females). Remaining, September 30, 1859, 341 (165 males and 176 females). Of the 767 discharged during the six years, 432 (238 males and 294 females) were recovered, 107 (49 males and 58 females) were improved, and 228 (160 males and 118 females) were unimproved. Of the 1,343 patients admitted, the character of the insanity of 654 (332 males and 322 females) was mania; of 158 (72 males and 86 females) was melancholia; of 143 (75 males and 63 females) was monomania; of 388 (207 males and 381 females) was dementia. Of the 1,343, 697 were supported by the State, 309 by towns, and 337 by friends. Restraint by mechanical apparatus is rarely resorted to, and the aim is to dispense, as far as possible, with physical force. Receipts for support of patients, $ 63,666.41; payments for supplies, fuel, labor, &c., $61,451.71.

State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton. - William H. Prince, M. D., Superintendent. The first patient was admitted to this Hospital August 16, 1858. The grounds contain 175 acres, and the buildings are constructed to accommodate 250 patients, and are arranged for twelve classes of each sex. There is a centre building four stories high, and, with its extension in the rear, 190 feet deep; and a range of wings on each side, three stories high, giving a front line of 512 feet. The stories are all twelve feet high. It is heated and ventilated by means of steam. Sept. 30, 1858, there were in the institution 220 patients (93 males, 127 females); admitted during the year, 93 (45 males, 48 females); whole number under treatment, 313 (138 males, 175 females); discharged during the year, 61 (33 males, 28 females); died, 19 (7 males, 12 females). Remaining, Sept. 30, 1859, 233 (98 males, 135 females). Of those discharged, 18 males and 15 females were recovered; 9 males and 9 females were improved, and 6 males and 4 females were not improved. The receipts for the year were $ 47,576.61; expenditures, $ 46,145.39.

Besides the State hospitals at Worcester, Taunton, and Northampton, and the arrangements for the care of the insane at the almshouses, jails, &c., there are municipal and private establishments, as the city hospital at South Boston, the McLean Asylum at Somerville, and the institution at Pepperell.

State Prison. Gideon Haynes, Warden. The number of prisoners, October 1st, 1858, was 483; 163 were received during the year ending 30th September, 1859, and 155 were discharged. Number of prisoners, 30th September, 1859, 491. Of those discharged, 138 were from expiration and 8 from remission of sentence, 8 died, and 1 escaped. Of those in prison, 344 were committed for offences against property, and 140 for offences against the person, including larceny from the person, robbery, and perjury. 169 are natives of Massachusetts, 141 of other States, 181 are foreigners. There are 45 second-comers, 19 thirdcomers, and 2 are fifth-comers. Average daily number of convicts for the year, 495. Of those in prison, 57 are between 16 and 20 years of age; 155 from 20 to 25; 115 from 25 to 30; 99 from 30 to 40; 43 from 40 to 50; 17 from 50 to 60; 3 from 60 to 70; 2 from 70 to 80. 103 were sentenced for 2 years or less; 90 for 3, or more than 2; 105 for 5, or more than 3; 127 for 10, or more than 5; 20 for 15, or more than 10; 9 for 20, or more than 15; 1 for 30; and 36 for life. 377 convicts are employed, for contractors, in some mechanical employment, and the rest (or such as are not infirm or sick, or in close confinement) are engaged on work for prison account. $100 are appropriated each year to purchase books for the prison library, which now numbers 1,000 volumes. The ordinary expenses were $ 87,821.88 and the receipts $78,647.91; deficit, $9,173.97. Provision is made by statute that a record shall be kept of the conduct of each convict, and for every month that the convict observes the rules of the prison and is not subjected to punishment there shall be a deduction from

the term of his sentence as follows: if the sentence is for less than three years, one day for each month of good conduct; if it is for three years or more and less than seven years, two days for each month; if for seven years or more, and less than ten years, four days; if for ten years or more, then five days for each month of such good conduct. The Warden submits the record and the scale of deduction once in three months to the Governor and Council.

State Reform School, Westborough.-Joseph A. Allen, Superintendent. Boys in the school, Oct. 1st, 1858, 557; received since, 251; discharged during the year, 303; remaining, September 30th, 1859, 505. Of the 2,607 committed to the school since it was opened, 4 were six years of age, 13 were 7, 66 were 8, 135 were 9, 235 were 10, 280 were 11, 347 were 12, 394 were 13, 436 were 14, 520 were 15, 120 were 16, 40 were 17 and over, and the ages of 12 were unknown. 905 were committed for larceny, 1,115 for stubbornness, 113 as idle and disorderly, 145 for vagrancy, 34 for shopbreaking and stealing, 16 for assault, 24 as runaways, 27 for shopbreaking, with intent to steal, 13 as common drunkards, 59 for malicious mischief, 10 for burglary, 4 for robbery, 4 for forgery, and 4 for arson. 1,850 were committed during minority, 4 for 10 years, 1 for 9 years, 9 for 8 years, 6 for 7 years, 41 for 6 years, 82 for 5 years, and the remainder for shorter periods. 2,073 were born in the United States, and 534 in foreign countries. All the boys are employed during a portion of the day at some mechanical, agricultural, or domestic labor. They do the washing, ironing, and cooking, and make and mend their own clothes. Each day, 4 hours are devoted to school, 6 to labor, 84 to sleep, and 54 to recreation and miscellaneous duties. 180 acres of land were originally purchased, and since that time an adjoining farm has been added. The school can accommodate 600 inmates. The expenses of the institution for the year were $47,578.63. The principal building was destroyed by fire, set by one of the pupils, in August, 1859. The Legislature have since provided for rebuilding at Westborough on the family plan.

Nautical Branch of the State Reform School. This is vested in a board of five Trustees, three being appointed by the Governor, and one each by the Boston Board of Trade, and the Boston Marine Society. The Trustees have the control of the school-ship and the other vessels procured for the Institution, and the direction of the school. A school ship, "The Massachusetts," has been purchased. She was dedicated June 5th, 1860, and 58 boys have since been transferred to her. They are instructed in navigation, and are sent to sea when proper opportunities offer. The ship will accommodate 200 boys, but only 150 can by law be put on board her.

State Industrial School for Girls, Lancaster. - Bradford K. Peirce, Superintendent. This School, formerly known as the "State Reform School for Girls," was inaugurated August 27, 1856. There are three buildings, each fitted to accommodate a separate family of 30 pupils, or 90 pupils in all. The object of the School is "for the instruction, employment, and reformation of exposed, helpless, evil-disposed, and vicious girls." Such girls, over 7 and under 16 years of age, upon complaint before the Judge of Probate, or a Commissioner appointed for the purpose, and notice to the parent or guardian, may be sent thither; and, in all cases, they are to be committed until they are 18 years of age, unless sooner discharged by the trustees, or bound out as apprentices. Up to Sept. 30, 1859, the date of the fourth report, 161 children were admitted, 113 of whom were American, 30 Irish, 9 English, 3 each Scotch and German, and 1 each Italian, French, and Spanish. Of 116 one or both parents are dead, or have separated, 44 have been indentured, and 2 escaped. The Trustees speak encouragingly of the influence of the school upon the inmates, and "that most of these girls will be saved from probable or inevitable ruin, and become useful members of society."

School for Idiotic and Feeble-minded Youth, South Boston. This school has been in operation since 1848, under the gratuitous and effective general superintendence of Dr. Samuel G. Howe. The resident Superintendent is Alexander McDonald. October 1, 1858, there were in the school 50 State pupils, and 13 private pupils. During the year there were admitted 25 (15 State beneficiaries and 10 private pupils); 21 pupils were discharged; leav ing Sept. 30, 1859, 67, of whom 45 were supported entirely by the State, 4 partially by other States, and 18 by friends. "Of those in the school (Dec. 1856), 8 do not make known their wants; 3 do not feed themselves; 12 do not, and 11 can partially dress themselves; 7 are

speechless; 2 can pronounce a few words; 31 form sentences; 18 know the names of sev eral colors; 12 know their letters; 11 read words of two or three letters; 11 read understandingly; 21 count ten; 9 perform examples in mental arithmetic, and 5 in written; 8 have a general knowledge of geography; 10 can knit; 6 can do plain sewing; 7 sing well, and keep good time." The only treatment is kindness. Great attention is paid to cleanliness, and regularity of habits. There has been since 1848 a private establishment for the instruction of this class at Barre, in Worcester Co.

Pauperism in the Year 1859. -There were three State Almshouses opened for the reception of State paupers in 1854; one at Bridgewater, one at Monson, and one at Tewksbury. At Bridgewater, Oct. 1, 1858, there were 525 inmates; admitted since, including 52 born in the house, 1,243; and 1,094 were discharged and indentured, 178 died; leaving, Sept. 30. 1859, 494 (109 men, 171 women, 117 boys under 15 years of age, and 97 girls). Average number through the year, 604. Average cost per week of each inmate, $1.124. A school is kept for each sex. Admissions to the hospital during the year, 1,224.

At Monson, Oct.1, 1858, there were 565 inmates; admitted since, 1,378, including 19 born in the institution; discharged, deserted, and indentured, 1,403; died, 45; in all, 1,943; leaving Sept. 30, 1859, 495 (49 men, 68 women, 237 boys under 15 years of age, and 141 girls). Average number through the year, 581; average cost of support, 95 cents a week. The expenditures for the year were $ 32.137,66. The schools had an average of 340 scholNumber of admissions to the hospital, 703.

ars.

At Tewksbury, October 1, 1858, there were 822 inmates; admitted during the year, 2.204; including 58 born in the house, and 131 transient; discharged, deserted, or indentured, 2,222; died, 169; in all, 2,391; leaving, Sept. 30, 1859, 635. Average number of inmates during the year was 779. Average cost of support about 95 cents each per week. The school connected with this house averaged during the year 200 children daily as pupils. Admissions to the hospital during the year, 1,327.

In the three institutions there were, Sept. 30, 1858, 1,912 inmates; admitted during the year, 4,825, including those born in the buildings; discharged, deserted, or indentured, 4,719 died, 492.

There is a State Hospital at Rainsford Island, Boston Harbor, in which there were 633 pauper inmates during the year ending Sept. 30, 1859. The greatest number at any time was 220, the least 127 Weekly average, 171. Cost of each patient per week, $2,49. 1,284 paupers were sent out of the State during the year ending Sept. 30, 1859, at an expense of $7,432.85. 7.052 alien passengers, who gave bonds, or paid their commutation, amounting to $14,638.50, arrived in Boston by sea during the year.

In addition to the above expenditures by the State for State Paupers, the individual towns in their corporate capacity support the town paupers, and relieve the poor. The statistics for the year ending Sept. 30, 1859, are as follows: Persons relieved or supported as paupers, 31,400, of which only 11,732 had a legal settlement in the State. Number of almshouses, 222; acres of land appurtenant to almshouses, 21,601; value of almshouse establishments, $1,300,671; persons relieved in almshouses, 10,369; average cost per week, $1.47; paupers in almshouses unable to work, 1,930; estimated value of pauper labor in almshouses, $21,030; paupers made so by intemperance in themselves or others, 17,809. Number aided and supported out of almshouses, 21.954; average weekly cost, $1.04. Insane relieved and supported, 816; idiots, 326. Paupers by reason of insanity or idiocy, 1,063. Foreign paupers that have come into the State during the year, 345. Expense of supporting and relieving paupers, $522,313. 1,392 indigent children under 14 years of age (733 boys and 570 girls, sex of the rest not stated) were supported at the public charge in 1859.

Jails and Houses of Correction for the year ending Sept. 30, 1859. - Whole number committed, including 143 debtors, 13,466. There were 10,829 males; 2,668 females; 4,132 minors; 524 colored; 3,493 not able to read or write; 24 insane when committed; 3,185 natives of Massachusetts; 2,038 natives of other States; 9.324 foreigners; number of persons committed as witnesses, 776; number that had been addicted to intemperance, 8,081. Of the persons committed to jail for crime or for examination, 3,195 were discharged on expi.

ration of sentence, 1,312 on payment of fine and costs, 3,415 as poor convicts unable to pay fine and costs, 136 by discharge by overseers; remaining in confinement, Sept. 30, 1859, 1,778. Estimated value of labor in the Jails and Houses of Correction, $ 59,903. Expenses of both, $216,253. There were also 58 insane or idiotic persons confined in the Jails, and Houses of Correction during the year, 36 of whom were supported by public expense, and 22 by friends or guardians. Only 4 were employed.

Criminal Statistics for the Year 1859.

Before Justices of the Peace and Police Courts, there were in 1857, 8,705 complaints. In 5,325 cases there were convictions; 1,907 were discharged, and 1,322 were held to a higher court. Offences. Assault, 2,116; drunkenness, 2,541; violation of the liquor law, 1,413; larceny, 884; total costs, $64,749; fines received, $6,208.

Births, Marriages, and Deaths, for the Year ending December 31, 1858.— Seventeenth Registration Report. The number of births during that period was 34,491; 17,453 males and 16,840 females, the sex of 198 not given. Of these births, 15,051 were of foreign parentage, 16,283 of American, 1,916 mixed American and foreign, and the parentage of 1,241 was not stated. The number of marriages was 10,527; in 6,019 the parties were Americans, in 3,299 they were foreigners, and in 875 one party was an American and the other a foreigner. The number of deaths was 20,776, -10,384 males and 10,392 females. Their average age was about 27 years.

State Valuation. The decennial valuation of the property of the State has been made during the autumn of 1860, by a Committee of the Legislature designated for that purpose. The result shows 297,224 ratable polls, and a valuation of $897,795,326. In 1850, there were 245,142 polls, and the valuation was $ 537,936,995.

Amendments of the Constitution. An amendment of the Constitution in regard to the mode of filling any vacancy in the Senate, and another in reference to filling any vacancy in the Council, were ratified by the people, May 7, 1860.

Capital, Lansing. Area, 56,243 sq. m. Population, 1860, 754,291.

Government for the Year 1861.