ishes "Hiawatha" March 21, 1855, and writes “ My Lost Youth" nine days later; "Hiawatha" is published November 10, 1855, and the first edition of 5,000 copies is sold in advance (Longfellow kept the copyright of his books in his own hands); over 11,000 copies of "Hiawatha " were sold in England during the first month; in the autumn and winter of 1855-56 Longfellow entertains Ole Bull, Thackeray, and T. B. Reed; be begins "The Courtship of Miles Standish" December 2, 1856; by March 31, 1857, the sales of his books in America had reached the following aggregates : "Voices of the Night," 43,550 copies; "Ballads," etc., 40,470; "The Spanish Student," 38,400; "The Belfry of Bruges," 38,300; Evangeline," 38,550; "Hiawatha," Hiawatha," 50,000; "Outre Mer," 7,500; "Hyperion," 14,550; "Kavanagh," 10,500.

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In December, 1857, Longfellow unites with Lowell, Motley, Emerson, Holmes, Cabot, and Underwood in establishing the Atlantic Monthly; he finishes "Sandalphon " January 18, 1858, and publishes it soon afterward; "The Courtship of Miles Standish" is finished March 22, 1858, and is published in the following October, reaching a sale of 25,000 copies during its first week, while 10,000 copies are sold in London the first day after its appearance; in the summer of 1859 Longfellow receives the degree of LL.D. from Harvard ; on April 6, 1860, he visits the spire of the Old North Church in Boston, and on the 19th he writes" Paul Revere's Ride;" during the following October he assists in entertaining the Prince of Wales; in November he sits for Darley's famous picture, " Washington Irving and his Friends," and writes "The Saga of King Olaf;" on July 9, 1861, Mrs. Longfellow's dress catches fire, and she dies the next day from the burns and the shock; Longfellow is so affected that, during the remaining twenty-one years of his life, he can never write or speak of his loss; but after his death his beautiful sonnet on his wife's death entitled "The Cross of Snow," written in

1879, is found among his papers; Longfellow himself was severely burned while trying to save his wife; late in 1861 he seeks relief from his sorrow by taking up his translation of Dante, begun and laid aside years before; for a time he translates a canto a day; in June, 1862, with a party of friends, he visits Niagara, stopping two days at Trenton Falls; from Niagara the party go to Montreal by way of the Thousand Islands and the Rapids, and thence home by way of Burlington; in October, 1862, with Fields, he visits the old Red Horse Tavern in Sudbury, Mass., and begins the "Tales of a Wayside Inn; "he finishes the first draft of his Dante translation April 16, 1863, having written "a canto a day for thirtyfour days in succession," and begins making notes for the same; the "Tales of a Wayside Inn" (first called “The Sudbury Tales") is published November 25, 1863 (in the "Tales" the poet is T. W. Parsons; the Sicilian, Luigi Monti; the theologian, Professor Treadwell; and the student, Henry Ware Wales. Of these, the first three used to spend their summers at the Inn); early in 1864 Longfellow revises "Hyperion" for a new edition, and writes several of his "Birds of Passage; " on May 23d he attends the funeral of Hawthorne, and soon afterward writes his poem on Hawthorne; the first volume of the Dante translation appears in February, 1865, and a special copy is forwarded to the Italian Minister in time for the sexcentennial anniversary ceremonies in honor of the Italian poet; all three volumes of the Dante translation are very carefully scrutinized by Lowell and Charles Eliot Norton, both meeting Longfellow one evening a week, as "The Dante Club," and going very carefully over every word and construction; in November, 1865, Longfellow gives a dinner to Mr. Burlingame, our Minister to China, in honor of the reception of a Chinese fan, on which some "celestial" poet had written "The Psalm of Life" in Chinese characters; Longfellow completes the long labor" of the notes to Dante and the revision January

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1, 1867; his sixtieth

birthday, February 27, 1867, is celebrated with a poetical tribute from Lowell; early in the following May Longfellow sails on his fourth and last visit to Europe, in company with his second son, his son's bride, Longfellow's three young daughters, his two sisters, a brother, and Mr. "Tom" Appleton; the party visit the Lake district and go thence to Cambridge, where Longfellow receives the degree of LL.D.; thence to London, where the poet is overwhelmed with public and private honors by many eminent people, including Gladstone, Dean Stanley, and the Prince of Wales and Queen Victoria, on both of whom he calls by special invitation; Longfellow also revisits Dickens at Gad's Hill, and spends two days with Tennyson on the Isle of Wight; the party go thence to the Continent and up the Rhine to Switzerland, where they spend the summer; they spend the autumn in Paris and the winter in Rome and Naples; returning in the spring of 1869 by way of Munich and Nuremberg, they stop briefly in England and Scotland, and at Oxford Longfellow receives the degree of D.C.L.; he returns to Cambridge September 1, 1869.

The death of Hawthorne, Felton, and Sumner, and the absence of Aggassiz and Lowell sadden the poet's latest years, though he still keeps up his companionship with Norton, Holmes, and Emerson, and entertains many noted Europeans at Craigie House; in January, 1870, he begins the second series of "Tales of a Wayside Inn," and in the following May he prepares a supplement to his "Poets and Poetry of Europe,” adding several new translations of his own; in November, 1870, he takes up his long contemplated" divine tragedy of" Christus," which is published in December, 1871; late in 1871 he writes "Judas Maccabeus" on a theme contemplated for twenty years but treated in twelve days; early in 1872 he writes "Michael Angelo" in sixteen days, but this poem is not published till after his death; in the spring of 1872 he publishes "Three Books of Song," being the second part of "Tales of a Wayside Inn," "Judas Maccabeus," and

'

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"A Handful of Translations;" in the autumn of 1872 the "Christus" appears, making, with the notes, interludes, etc., a large volume; after its appearance "The Golden Legend is withdrawn as a separate work; on his sixty-sixth birthday, February 27, 1873, Longfellow publishes the third “ day" of theTales of a Wayside Inn," and soon afterward republishes it in a small volume with several lyrics, under the title "Aftermath;" he completes "The Hanging of the Crane" January 4, 1874, and Robert Bonner pays him $3,000 for the use of the poem in the New York Ledger; in 1875 "The Hanging of the Crane " is published in a volume with several other poems, under the title " Pandora's Box;" this volume contained, also, "Morituri Salutamus," written at the request of the poet's class of 1825 and delivered at the Bowdoin Commencement of 1875; in August, 1877, he receives from the Harpers $1,000 for "Keramos," which is published in 1878, with Longfellow's tributes to Lowell, Tennyson, Whittier, and others, in a volume called " Keramos; "' he continues to pass his summers at Nahant, with always a week at his boyhood home in Portland; in 1879, on his seventy-second birthday, he is presented by the school-children of Cambridge with a chair made from the wood of the "spreading chestnut-tree under which the village smithy" formerly stood; late in the same year he writes his poem on Burns, which appears in 1880 with seventeen other short poems in a thin volume called "Ultima Thule;" in 1880 the poet's birthday is widely celebrated by the school-children throughout the country; he writes his sonnet "My Books," December 26, 1882, and in the following January the poem "Mad River" and the sonnet "Possibilities; on March 15, 1882, he writes his last lines, being the closing stanza of "The Bells of San Blas ; " he dies at his Cambridge home, March 24, 1882.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CRITICISM ON LONGFELLOW.

Whipple, E. P., “American Literature." Boston, 1887, 72, 37. Whipple, E. P., "Essays and Reviews." Boston, 1873, Osgood, 1: 58–68. Kennedy, W. S.," H. W. Longfellow." Cambridge, 1882, King, v. index. Stedman, E. C., "Poets of America." Boston, 1885, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 80-225.

Taylor, B., "Essays and Notes." New York, 1880, Putnam, 296–298. Gilfillan, G., "Literary Portraits.” Edinburgh, 1852, Hogg, 2: 254–256. Poe, E. A., "Works." New York, 1855, 3: 292-374.

Henley, W. E., "Views and Reviews." New York, 1890, Scribner. Lang, A., "Letters on Literature." New York, 1892, 37-47.

Underwood, F. H., "H. W. Longfellow." Boston, 1882, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., v. index.

Fiske, J., "The Unseen World.” Boston, 1876, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 237-265.

Longfellow, S., "Final Memorials of H. W. Longfellow." Boston, 1876, Ticknor, v. index.

Longfellow, S., "Life, Letters, and Journal of H. W. Longfellow." Boston, 1886, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 2 volumes, v. index. Robertson, E. H., "Life of H. W. Longfellow" (Great Writers Series). London, 1887, W. Scott, v. index.

Rossetti, W. M., "Lives of Famous Poets." London, 1878, Moxon, 383-391.

Saunders, F., "Character Studies." New York, 1894, Whittaker,

113-130.

Scudder, H. E., "Men and Letters." Boston, 1889, Houghton, Mifflin

& Co., 23-70.

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Mitford, M. R., Recollections of a Literary Life." New York, 1851, Harper, 61-71.

Parton, J., "Some Noted Princes." New York, 1885, Crowell, 289–296 Stoddard, R. H., "Poets' Homes." Boston, 1871, Lothrop, 1-18. Devey, J., "Modern English Poets." London, 1873, Moxon, 360–368. Haweis, H. R., “Poets in the Pulpit.” London, 1883, Sampson, Low & Co., I-32.

Matthews, Brander, "Introduction to American Literature." New York, 1896, American Book Company, 124-137. Whitman, W.,

Essays from the Critic." Boston, 1892. Whittier, J. G., "Prose Works." Boston, 1889, Houghton, Mifflin &

Co., 3: 365-374.

Lowell, J. R., "Poetical Works." Boston, 1890, Houghton, Mifflin &

Co., 142.