KING. See MONARCHY.

KING, RUFUS, remarks on the insurrection in
Massachusetts, 94, 99. Views of the operation
of treaties on the states under the Confederation,
99. Views as to salaries, 99. Remarks on
the settlement of public accounts, 99. Remarks
on the negotiations with Spain, 101, 102, 103.
Discusses the vote of the states required to sus-
pend the use of the Mississippi, 103. A delegate
to the Federal Convention from Massachusetts,
106. Attends the Federal Convention, 123.
Objects to the yeas and nays, 124. Remarks on
the nature of state sovereignty, under the Con-
stitution, 212. Wishes the state governments
preserved, but made subordinate, 269. His great
anxiety for an harmonious adoption of a Con-
stitution, 266. Views on the compromise be-
tween the large and small states, 514. Views as
to an election of President, 336, 362, 515. Views
as to reëligibility and tenure of the President,
336, 342. Is opposed to the impeachment of the
President by the legislature, 341. Objects to an
executive council, 523. Contends for a propor-
tionate representation in the Senate, 138, 266,
312. Objects to contribution being the sole rule
of representation, 134, 178. Opposes the rep-
resentation being fixed by the Constitution, 280.
Admits that slaves should be considered in ap-
portioning representation as well as taxation,
290. Thinks the question, as to representation,
is more between the Northern and Southern than
the small and large states, 290. Does not like
numbers alone to be the rule of representation,
especially if the blacks are included, 300, 304.
Opposes the rule of representation being absolute-
ly fixed by the Constitution, 304. Thinks ex-
ports should be taxed, if slaves are represented,
392. Opposes the exclusive right of the House in
regard to money bills, 188. Objects to an election
of representatives by the state legislatures, 224.
Objects to the payment of the representatives by
the states, 227. Views as to the ineligibility of
members of Congress, 229, 231, 505, 506. Ob-
jects to a landed qualification for members of
Congress, 371. Does not think annual meetings
of Congress will be necessary, 383.
Congress should have the right to alter the state
regulations, relative to members of Congress,
402. Prefers allowing a quorum in Congress to
be fixed by law, 405, 406. Thinks the states
should not tax exports without the assent of
Congress, 486. Thinks the states should not be
prevented from encouraging their manufactures,
487. Objects to union of judiciary with the
executive in revising the laws, 151, 165. Favors
the establishment of inferior national tribunals,
115. Views in regard to punishment of treason,
449, 450, 549. Proposes a prohibition on the
states, in regard to laws affecting contracts, 485.
Views as to treaties, 524, 526. Remarks on the
provision in regard to the militia, 464. Desires
a permanent seat of government, 409. Remarks
on the assumption of the state debts, 441. Ob-
jects to an exemption of slaves from duty, 460,
478. His remarks on slavery, 391. Proposes the
assent of the states to purchases of places therein,
511. Thinks a power in Congress to create cor-
porations unnecessary, 544. Views on the mode
of ratification of the Constitution, 158, 355, 499,
500. Prefers to submit the Constitution to the
Congress of the Confederation, but not to require
their assent to it, 533, 540. Signs the Constitution,
564. Course in the Convention of Massachusetts,
called to ratify the Constitution, 572.

Thinks

KNOWLTON, LUKE, charged with intrigues
with British about Vermont, 7, 8. His arrest
directed by Congress, 8, 31.

492, 550, 563.

LAND, tax upon, discussed, 34, 37, 40, 67. Mode
of valuation discussed in Congress, 21, 24, 43,
45, 77, 78. Qualification in, proposed for mem-
bers of Congress, 370. Qualifications in, pro-
posed for electors of representatives, 385.
LANDS, PUBLIC, the influence of the question
of ceding the public lands on the politics of the
Confederation, 111. Proposal to derive a revenue
from them, 39, 59, 63. Proposal to adopt a sys-
tem in regard to, 83. Proposal to give army cer-
tificates for, 90. Discussion on the cession of
them renewed, 87, 91, 92. Power of Congress in
regard to, under the Constitution, 439, 441, 493,

496.

LANGDON, JOHN, attends the Federal Conven-
tion, 351. Thinks the ballot in Congress for the
President should be joint, 472. Thinks mem-
bers of Congress should be paid out of the
national treasury, 425. Objects to a constitu-
tional provision, requiring a property qualification
for members of Congress, 373. Objects to the
seat of government being at any state capital, 374.
Opposes the power in Congress to emit bills of
credit, 435. Approves of the power vested in
Congress, to subdue rebellions, 438. Does not
distrust Congress on the subject of standing
armies, 443. Does not distrust Congress on the
subject of the militia, 444, 465. Objects to tax-
ation being proportioned to representation before
a census, 451, 453. Wishes the states prohibited
from taxing exports, 454. Thinks Congress
should have the right to tax slaves, 460, 478.
Approves of a negative in Congress on state
laws, 469. Views as to regulating commerce
between the states, 503, 548. Views as to im-
posing conditions when admitting new states,
492, 493. Signs the Constitution, 564.
LANSING, JOHN, attends the Federal Conven-
tion, 106, 144. Opposes going into a committee
of the whole, 191. Objects to the propositions
of Mr. Randolph, as amended and adopted, 193.
Thinks the Convention limited to the amend-
ment of the Confederation, 193, 214. Proposes
that the power of legislation be vested in the
Congress, 214. Opposes the negative of Con-
gress on the state laws, 215. Proposes an equal
vote of the states in the House of Representa-
tives, 249. Wishes some plan for compromise
on the question of representation, 273.
LAWS. See ACTS.

LAW OF NATIONS, not sufficiently protected
under the Confederation, 127. Congress to legis-
late on offences against, 130, 378, 561.
LAURENS, HENRY, notifies his intention to
return, 1.

His

LEE, ARTHUR, opposition to Robert Morris, 62, 80.
States his objections to a general system of tax-
ation, 34, 38, 56. Suggests that a general rev-
enue system should be framed by the states, 38.
Views on a system of permanent revenue, 41,
42. Communicates a letter, relative to an over-
ture from Canada, 45. Remarks on the export
of tobacco, by authority of Congress, 48.
views on a mode of valuation of lands, 48.
Urges a limitation of the impost, 49. Proposes
to take, by military force, goods seized while
under passport, 50. Proposes to appropriate the
impost to pay the army first, 52, 53. Remarks
on the original and subsequent holders of loan
certificates, 54. Proposes measures against the
refugees, 58. Opposes an abatement in the
proportion of certain states, 58. Remarks on
the conduct of the commissioners at Paris, 69,

73, 74, 75. Remarks on the proportion of free-
men to slaves in fixing the contributions of the
states, 79. Calls for a report from the superin-
tendent of finance, 80. Advocates a suspension
of hostilities, 80. Proposes an indemnity to the
officers of the army, 88. Proposes a statue of
Gen. Washington, 88.

LEE, RICHARD H., views in regard to the Fed-
eral Constitution, 118, 566, 568, 570.

LEE, WILLIAM, sends proposal of Austria for
commercial treaty, 52.
LEGISLATURE.
TUTION; STATES.

LETTERS, written by Mr. Madison prior to the
Convention of 1787, 106 to 108. Written after
the adjournment of the Federal Convention, 566
to 576.

LEVYING WAR, evidence of, in cases of treason,
130, 379, 448, 563.

LIGHTHOUSES, states to levy duties to erect
them, 548.

LIMITATION, relative to the continuance of the
revenue laws, 462. On the suspension of the
writ of habeas corpus, 484, 561.

LINCOLN, GEN., course in Convention of Massa-
chusetts to ratify Federal Constitution, 572.
LIPPENCOT, Congress discuss the matter of, 2.
His punishment demanded by Congress, 3.
LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R., his wish to resign
as secretary of foreign affairs, 9, 90. Agrees to
continue, 9, 16. Disapproves the secret article
about Florida, 67. Report on Carleton's refusal
to suspend hostilities, 80. Prepares a proclama-
tion on the cessation of hostilities, 84. Inade-
quacy of his salary, 9, 89, 90.

LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM, attends the Federal
Convention, 155. Reports provisions relative to
the public debt and militia, 451. Reports pro-
visions relative to slaves, navigation, and capita-
tion taxes, 470. Thinks the public creditors
should be put in the same state under the Con-
stitution as under the Confederation, 476.

OANS, additional one from France, 76, 88. From
the Dutch, 11. Congress apply for more from
France, 11. Proposal to apply for further, abroad,
22, 23, 26. Propriety of disclosing their amount,
42. State of those with France, 76, 82. Amount
of, in 1783, 82. To be made by Congress under
the Constitution, 130, 378.

LORDS, HOUSE OF, impossible in America, 148,
235, 237. Considered a noble institution, 203.
Senate should be like it, 166. Not a model for
the Senate, 188, 235. Its negative on the Com-
mons, 263, 416.

LOWELL, Mr., appointed judge of Court of Ap-
peals, 11.

LUZERNE, vote of thanks to, 20. Remarks on
conduct of American commissioners at Paris
towards France, 65, 66, 76.
LYCIAN LEAGUE, 264.

M.

M'CLURG, JAMES, attends the Federal Conven-
tion, 123. Proposes the executive term to be
during good behavior, 325. Desires some spe-
cific provision relative to the exercise of execu-
tive powers by the President, 344.
M'DOUGAL, GEN., a deputy from the army to
Congress, 21, 23.

M'HENRY, JAMES, views on terms of cession of
public lands by Virginia, 92. Attends the Fed-
eral Convention, 124. Remarks on the subter-
fuges adopted to avoid the provision in regard to
money bills, 420. Proposes to raise taxes by
requisitions, 453. Desires a prohibition in regard
to attainders and ex post facto laws, 462. Desires

41.

sion of Vermont and the cession of public lands,
85,92. Votes for Mr. Bland as president of Con-
gress, 1. Opposes a partial exchange of prison-
ers, 1. Urges more formality and certainty in
the directions of Congress to the executive de-
partments, 4. Opposes a reduction of the salaries
of ministers plenipotentiary, 5. Advocates an
exchange of Cornwallis for Col. H. Laurens, 6.
Proposes a plan for adjusting the allowances to
the states that redeem paper money beyond their
quotas, 8. Resolution of, relative to Paul Jones,
10. His views on the right of Congress to use
coercive measures towards Vermont, 12. His
views on fixing a rate of depreciation of paper
money, 14. His views on reciprocity in the
treaty between British and Americans in each
country, 19. Endeavors to obtain stipulations
for a reciprocal trade with Britain and the West
Indies, 19. Opposes an alteration by Congress
in regard to the Convention about consuls with
France, 20. Views on a valuation of lands as
the basis of taxation, 21, 25, 43, 46, 47, 51. Op-
poses distrust towards France, 22, 23. Urges an
application to France for further loans, 23. Sug-
gests funding the debt to army, 23. Appointed
to confer with the superintendent of finance on
a plan for settling the arrears of the army, 24.
Intimates that Congress should not solicit Mr.
Morris to continue in office, 29. Urges the estab-
lishment of general revenue system, 34, 35, 39.
Suggests the establishment by Congress of an
impost on trade, and qualified poll and land tax,
38. Urges the question of a valuation of land
being considered with that of general revenue,
Advocates a commutation of half pay, 45.
Considers au impost the only practicable tax, 55,
56. Explains the powers of Congress under the
Confederation, 55. His plan for abating the pro-
portions of certain states funding their expenses,
and establishing a system of public lands, 59, 60,
77, 78. Remarks on the conduct of the Ameri-
can commissioners at Paris, 71, 74. Remarks on
the proportion of freemen to slaves in fixing the
contributions of states, 79. Desires information
in regard to the department of finance, 80, 91.
Disapproves of a proposed convention of the
Eastern States, 81. On the committee to organ-
ize a peace establishment, 82. Endeavors to
reduce the apportionment of Georgia, 82. Op.
poses a premature system in regard to the public
lands, 83. Recommends circumspection in re-
gard to commercial treaties, 85. Opposes a hasty
ratification of provisional articles, 85. Proposes
a commission to adjust the debts of the states,
86. Draws the address to states, 88. Urges a
provision for Canadian refugees, 89. Becomes a
member of the House of Delegates of Virginia,
112. Appointed a delegate to the convention at
Annapolis, 113, 114. Draws act of Virginia ap-
pointing delegates to the Federal Convention,
117. Remarks on the insurrection in Massa-
chusetts, and on raising troops by Congress, 95.
Remarks in Congress on the plan of the Federal
Convention, 96. Remarks on the operation of
treaties on the states, 99. Communicates to Mr.
Randolph his view of a new Federal Constitu-
tion, 107, 121. Sentiments on the effect of the
American revolution in Europe, 575. Remarks
on ancient confederacies, 109. Remarks on the
colonies before the revolution, 110. His wish to
remedy the evils of the Confederation, 113. Pre-
pares to take reports of debates in the Federal
Convention, 121. Attends the Federal Conven-

tion, 123. Thinks the powers of the national
government should not be too much limited, 161,
251. Wishes to protect the minority from op-
pression by the majority, 162. His general views
of a national as compared with a federal govern-
ment, 206, 256. His objections to Mr. Patterson's
plan, 206. Effect of a breach of compact by a
member of the Confederacy, 206, 356. Remarks
on the violations of the Articles of Confederation
by the states, 207. His views of the defects of
the Confederation, 207. Remarks on the effect
of a mere confederacy on the small states, 210.
Remarks on the scheme for equalizing the states,
211. Remarks on the danger of encroachments
by the states and national government on each
other, 221, 250, 257. His general views as to the
ends to be sought in forming a Constitution, 242,
250. Fears more from the power of the states
than of the general government, 257. Opposes a
committee to prepare plan of compromise be-
tween the large and small states, relative to rep-
resentation, 273, 275. His course towards the
small states complained of, 278. Objects to dis-
tinctions between the new and old states, 299,
492. Urges the importance of preserving the
mutual independence of the great departments
of the government, 345, 347. Thinks the pre-
ponderance of the legislature is chiefly to be
guarded against, 345, 347. His views on the
general power of the President, 141, 164. Op-
poses removal of the President by Congress, on
application of the states, 148. Opposes an abso-
lute negative in the executive, 152, 164. Wishes
judiciary united with the executive to revise the
laws, 164, 314, 346, 428, 431, 537. Urges the ne
cessity of making the executive and legislature
independent of each other, 326. Views on the
impeachment of the President, 341, 528, 529, 542.
Views on the election of President, 337, 363, 364,
365, 508, 513, 514, 515, 519, 521. Thinks the bal-
lot in Congress for a President should be joint,
472. Desires a provision to prevent the Presi-
dent from appointing to offices not previously
created by law, 474. Suggests the exercise by
a council of the executive powers during a va-
cancy, 480. Objects to an equal suffrage being
allowed to all the states, 135, 250, 265. Thinks
Senate and judiciary should not be chosen im-
mediately by the people, 137. Opposes a division
of the Union into senatorial districts, 138. Thinks
judiciary should be appointed by the Senate, 156,
188. Advocates a small Senate, 167. Advocates
a proportional representation in the Senate, 167,
265, 267, 275, 313. Objects to an election of sena-
tors by the state legislatures, 169. Suggests a
negative on state laws being given to the Senate,
173. Advocates seven years as the senatorial
term, 186. Does not object to nine years for the
senatorial term, 243. Desires to give firmness
and stability to the Senate, 187. Objects to the
payment of the senators by the states, 246. Ad-
vocates ineligibility of senators to national offices
for one year after their term, 247. Objects to an
equality of suffrage in the Senate, 265, 275. Ap-
proves of voting in the Senate per capita, 312.
Wishes the provision for supplying vacancies in
the Senate made more distinct, 395. Urges some
other rule of representation than contribution
alone, 134. Urges an equitable ratio of represen-
tation, but different from that of the Confedera-
tion, 134, 270. Urges that slaves should be
considered in apportioning representation, 289.
Considers the number of inhabitants the best
rule of representation, and, in general, the best
criterion of property, 299. Thinks the opposing

interests of the Convention are those of the
northern and southern, rather than the large and
small states, 306. Thinks the rule fixing a rep-
resentative for every forty thousand inhabitants
should not be made perpetual, 392 Urges a re-
duction of the ratio of representation in the
House, 530. Urges the election of the represent-
atives by the people, 137. Advocates triennial
election of representatives, 183, 225. In favor of
fixing the compensation of the representatives,

184, 227, 426. Objects to the payment of the
representatives by the states, 227. Desires to
limit the inelegibility of representatives to offices
established or augmented during their term, 230,
231. Objects to a landed qualification for mem-
bers of Congress, 371. Objects to fixing the time
for the meeting of Congress, 383, 384. Opposes
a freehold qualification for electors of representa-
tives, 387. Prefers the term "inhabitant," in-
stead of "resident," as a qualification for repre-
sentatives, 389, 390. Objects to a very long term
of citizenship being required for members of
Congress, 398, 411, 413. Objects to the legisla-
ture being allowed to fix the qualifications, pay,
or privileges, of its members, 404, 510. Proposes
a provision to compel the attendance of members
of Congress, 406. Objects to the expulsion of a
member of Congress by less than two thirds, 407.
Doubts whether there can be a specific enumera-
tion of the powers of Congress, 139. Doubts the
propriety of using force against a state, 141, 171.
Advocates a negative of Congress on the state
laws, 171, 173, 251, 321, 539. Opposes exclusive
right of House in regard to money bills, 188.
Does not consider the origination of money bills
by the House as important, 274. Objects to the
exclusive power of the representatives over money
bills, 394, 396, 417. His remarks on the negative
of each House on the other, 382. Views on the
prohibition of a tax on exports, 432, 455, 456.
Thinks it better to prohibit bills of credit as a
legal tender, than their emission by Congress,
434. Wishes to cut off all pretext of a paper
currency, 435. Thinks that Congress should de-
fine the offences which it is authorized to punish.
437. Proposes to vest Congress with power in
regard to the public lands, territories, Indians, a
seat of government, incorporations, copyrights,
patents, a university, and arsenals, 439, 440, 543,
544. Thinks Congress should have the regula-
tion of the militia, 444, 464, 465, 466. His views
on the definition and punishment of treason, 447,
448, 549. Desires a provision for the debts and
engagements of the Confederation, 463. Views
on the provisions in regard to slaves, 477, 478
Views on a prohibition of the states in regard to
laws affecting contracts, 485. Urges a prohibi-
tion on the states to lay embargoes or taxes on
imports or exports, 485, 486. Desires a provision
to give effect to the judgments of one state in
another, 488, 504. Views as to a navigation act,
490. Thinks that no provision should be made
to affect the claims of the United States and the
individual states in regard to territory and the
public lands, 496. Views on the regulation of
commerce between the states, 502, 548. Advo
cates inferior national tribunals, 159. Oproses
either diminution or increase in the compensa-
tion of the judges during their term, 330, 482.
Prefers the appointment of the judges by the
President, with the assent of the Senate, 349.
Thinks the jurisdiction of the judiciary should
be limited to cases of a judicial nature, and not
extend to all arising under the Constitution, 483.
His views on the mode of making and ratifying
treaties, 469, 470, 524, 527. Wishes a permanent
seat of government, 409. Views as to the mode
of amending the Constitution, 531, 551.
on the mode of ratifying the Constitution, 49,
499, 500. Prefers a ratification of the Constitu-
tion by conventions, instead of the legislatures
of the states, 355. Urges ratification of the
Constitution by conventions of the people, 157.
Signs the Constitution, 565.
MAJORITY, a quorum of each House, 130, 378,
405, 432, 559. Tendencies of, to oppress the
minority, 162. Of the people should prevail
under the general government, 262.
MALPRACTICE, by the President, 149, 190, 339,
370, 376, 528. By the heads of departments,

446.

Views

MANUFACTURES, superintendence of, 446. En
couragement of, 486.

MARBOIS, BARBÉ, 38. His intercepted letter,