T. A. Trollope in his 'What I Remember ' was much puzzled by the use of the aboveterm-easily explainable. I understand that a similar game is much played by the Peruvian Indians, and spreads through the South American republics of Spanish origin. WILLIAM MERCER. that he owed servile customs, &c. ('Cartu- is flanked by a lofty wall on one side towards lary of the Monastery of Ramsey,' bk. i. the goals. I have seen it practised in Siena, p. 425). And in the year 1315 William and played in a place called the "Sferisterio " Hadeshaw, Hamo Mundi, and John de Flore at Rome. held 1 knights' fees in Great and Little Walsingham and Berston (Norfolk), of the honour and castle of Clare (Inquisition taken on the death of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, 8 Edw. II.). Three hundred years later the name appeared at St. John's Stiffkey, Norfolk. In the Hundred Roll of Edward I. a Henry Mundi, son of Simon Mundi, was living at Barnwell by Cambridge; his grandfather was named Ralph, who had not apparently adopted a surname. And in the year 1307 William Mundy and his wife Amicia, in consideration of ten silver marks, granted to John of Cambridge 34 acres of land in Cambridge (Feet of Fines, Cambridge, 35 Edward I.). From these last probably de- Life and Trial of Eugene Aram. scended Mundys afterwards living at Hitchin and at High Wycombe. MONEDÉE. [PROF. G. C. MOORE SMITH refers the querist to the N.E.D., s. Balloon,' where one or two sixteenth- and seventeenth-century quotations concerning the game will be found.] Notes on Books. 64 By Eric R.. Watson, LL.B. (Hodge & Co.) BULWER, in his Preface to the 1840 edition of Eugene Aram,' says that this trial, "take it altogether, is, perhaps, the most remarkable in the register of English crime," and he describes Eugene Aram as a person who, till the detection of the crime for which he was sentenced," was "A of the mildest character, and most unexceptionable morals." He further adds that "his guilt or innocence was the matter of strong contest and in the Preface to the edition of 1851 says: SIR ROSS DON(N)ELLY (11 S. viii. 390, 473).-None of your correspondents appear to have noticed a pamphlet of 1807-to be found in the British Museum-giving correct account of the trial at large between Ross Donnelly....plt., and Sir H. Popham.' The point at issue was the correct division of the prize-money obtained on Sir Home Popham's naval expeditions. BRADSTON. SAMBEL (SUMBEL): WELLS (11 S. viii. 408, 476). One of Mrs. Wells's escapades is narrated in Fanny Burney's Diary under the date 22 June, 1792. M. H. DODDS. THOMAS BURBIDGE AND OTHER POETS (11 S. viii. 428, 470).-The following is from theSedbergh School Register, 1546-1909': "Shirt, Theodore, entered August, 1825, age 17; born at Stourbridge; left December, 1827; St. John's Coll., Cambridge; migrated therce to St. Peter's and Christ's Coll.; B.A., Sen. Opt., 1832; M.A. 1835. Curate of Sherborne, Warwickshire; of Rainhill, near Prescot. Afterwards lived at Leamington with no fixed Cure. Died c. 1886." C. W. RUSTON-HARRISON. "BALLONI (11 S. viii. 468).-By this is probably meant the game of pallone, quite common to-day in Italy. It consists of a spherical-shaped elastic ball of rubber, nearly the size of a football, and is driven by opposing sides, whose hands are encased in sharp-pointed wooden gloves, somewhat in the manner and according to the rules governing modern lawn tennis. The court "On going with maturer judgment over all the evidence on which Aram was condemned, I have convinced myself, that though an accomplice in the robbery of Clarke, he was free both from the premeditated design and the actual deed of murder." Bulwer's novel Eugene Aram,' which was published in 1831, went through twenty English editions. Mr. Watson was therefore well advised in including this trial in the Notable English Trials Series." The trial of Eugene Aram took place at York on 3 Aug., 1759, and he was hanged on 6 Aug. and gibbeted on 7 Aug., and until Bulwer's novel appeared no one for many years had seriously called in question the justice of the sentence. Mr. Watson has had great difficulties to contend with, as there is no full report of the trial anywhere to be found. The opening speech for the Crown by Mr. Fletcher Norton, K.C., has not been preserved, and although we can formi an opinion on the evidence he relied upon as confirming the evidence of the approver Houseman, we should like now to see the exact way in which the counsel for the Crown shaped his case. summing up of the judge, Mr. Justice Noel, who has been, as we think, most unfairly attacked. Mr. Watson states truly that "all contemporary reports, in vehement contrast to later writers, attest Noel's impartiality. judge's summing up to the jury in the most fair and candid manner,' observes the York Pamphlet [published in August, 1759], they, after a very short consultation, brought him in guilty of murder.' Again, we have no full report of the 6 On the We cannot consider that Bulwer's opinion and that of the unnamed lawyers he refers to (formed seventy-two years after the trial) are of much value, as we do not know what materials 'they had before them when they formed their opinion on the case. Mr. Watson has given in Appendix I. a list of the " Original Documents in the Record Office in the matter of R. v. Aram, Houseman, and Terry,' and in Appendix II. "Extracts from the Contemporary Press, 1744-5 [the date of the murder] to 1759," and we cannot speak too highly of his industry and research. Having carefully read this book, we are satisfied that Mr. Watson has covered the whole ground, and that it is impossible to add to the materials which he has with so much labour collected. We may state at once that we concur entirely in the conclusion to which Mr. Watson has come, namely, that Eugene Aram was fairly. tried according to the law as it existed in 1759, that the evidence clearly established his guilt, and that it is idle for any one now to say that he was innocent of the murder. In 1744 there lived at Knaresborough Eugene Aram and Richard Houseman. Houseman was a flax-dresser, described as a big, broad-shouldered, square man. They were about forty years of age. There also lived there Daniel Clark, a shoemaker, about twenty-three years of age, who was a thin, pale-looking man, and was about 5 ft. 6 in. or 5ft. 8 in. high. Clark was generally deemed to be a person who had obtained a considerable quantity of plate and jewellery from various tradespeople dishonestly, and he was also in possession of a large sum of money. These three persons were intimate friends. Clark left Aram's house with Aram and Houseman, and a strange man, about 11 P.M. on the night of 7 Feb., 1744/5. Tuton or Tutin, a mason, saw Clark join Aram and Houseman about 2 or 3 A.M. on the morning of 8 Feb., when he lost sight of them. These three persons Aram, Houseman, and Clark-went to a cave, known as "St. Robert's Cave,' a little way out of Knaresborough. At that cave Clark was robbed and murdered, his clothes were taken away and destroyed to prevent the identification of the body in case it should be found, and there the body remained buried until August, 1758. On 8 Feb., when Clark was missing, every effort was made to trace him, but in vain. Aram, who had been in needy circumstances before the murder, was after the murder in possession of a considerable sum of money-about 1051.-and part of Clark's property was found buried in his garden. 66 A skeleton was dug up near Knaresborough in August, 1758, and it was at once assumed that it was Clark's skeleton. A coroner's inquest was held, and the jury so found. Houseman, however, appears to have imprudently stated, when requested to take up one of the bones: This is no more Dan Clark's bone than it is mine." On 15 or 16 Aug. Houseman said something which led to the belief that the body of Clark might be found in St. Robert's Cave, and on 17 Aug. search was made, and it was there found. He was arrested for the murder, and Aram was subsequently arrested at Lynn, in Norfolk, where he was an usher in a school. His wife and children remained at Knaresborough, where he had left them without means of support. A fresh inquest was held on Clark's body, and a verdict of wilful murder returned against Houseman and Aram. Aram on his arrest at first asserted that he did not know Knaresborough, and that he did not know Clark, but he afterwards admitted that these were lies. Still, many innocent men lie on being arrested. Mr. Watson points out that Aram's own admission brings him to the cave on the fatal night. "He can't tell what to say, whether Clark was murdered or not " (a singular frame of mind), only he was told that Clark had gone off. The trial of Eugene Aram, Houseman, and Terry (the third was also in custody, charged with the murder) ought to have taken place in theordinary course at the Spring Assizes of 1759, but at the instance of the Crown the trial was. postponed to the next assizes, to be held in August. In June Houseman, in order to savehis neck, offered to give evidence against Aram, which offer was accepted by the Crown, and the following is what took place at the cave, according to his statement to the magistrate : Aram and Daniel Clark] to a place called Saint "He [Houseman] went with them [Eugenenear Grimble Bridge, where Robert's Cave, Aram and Clark stopt a little, and in their way thither stopt a while at the Grimble Bridge, and there he saw Aram stricke him several times over the breast and head, saw him fall as if he was dead, and he, this examinant, came away and left them together, but wether [sic] Aram used any weapon or not to kill him with he can't tell, nor does he know what he did with the body afterwards, but believes Aram left it at the cave's mouth, for this examinant seeing Aram do this, to which he declares he was in no way abetting or privy to, nor knew of his design to kill him at all; [then ?] did this examinant make the best of his way from him least [sic] he might share the same fate, and got to the Bridgeend, and then lookt back, and saw him coming from the cave side, which is in a private rock adjoining the river, and he could discern some. bundle in his hand, but does not know what it was: On which this informant [sic] made the best of his way to the town without joining Aram again or seeing him again till next day, and from that time till this he never had any private dis-course with him.” 66 At the Assizes in August no evidence was. offered against Houseman, and he was acquitted, and he thereupon gave his evidence against Aram. Again, to quote from Mr. Watson's book, we have no very full account of the flaxdresser's [Houseman's] evidence, but of the manner in which he gave it there is a most complete concurrence of contemporary opinion.' "Houseman's evidence," says the press of that day, was delivered with all the anxiety, diffidence, and embarrassment of conscious guilt, solicitous. to accuse the partner of his iniquity no farther than consisted with keeping the curtain drawn between. the Court and him." Clark's skull was produced in court, so that the jury could see the fracture at the back of it.. Aram's defence, which he had nearly a year toprepare, comes to nothing, if Houseman was. believed by the jury, nearly the whole of it consisting of a number of instances where skeletons. have been found in strange places, and in which there was no suggestion of foul play, and he further suggested that the body dug up at the cave may not have been Clark's body. The editor of The Annual Register' for 1759, which was published early in the following year, gives an account of the trial, and says "Aram's sentence was a just one,' and in that opinion all persons who carefully study Mr. Watson's book will, we firmly believe, agree. We place no reliance on the supposed confession after his conviction. The book contains two portraits of Eugene Aram and a photograph of the cave. There is also a photograph of the transcript of the second examination of Aram in the Record Office, showing numerous alterations in it while he was under examination by the magistrate. There is also a photograph of part of the left parietal bone of Clark, showing the fracture, which was evidently caused by a blow from some blunt instrument. We wish we had space to quote as a specimen of Mr. Watson's critical acumen his exposure, on p. 4 of his book, of the gross and absurd blunders of some previous writers. We think it fair to give him the highest praise for the way in which he has dealt with this difficult subject, and he frankly acknowledges the help he has received from various correspondents of N. & Q., without whose "assistance this monograph would not have been undertaken." Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 1914. (Harrison & Sons.) an Baroness Furnivall, carried the Barony by marriage in 1406 to the Talbot family. The Barony of Latymer, created in 1431, had been, since the death of the fourth Lord Latymer in 1577, in abeyance, which was terminated by the summoning to Parlia ment of Francis Burdett Thomas Money-Coutts, one of the coheirs, now Lord Latymer. "The title must not be confused with that of the earlier barony of Latimer created in 1299, which passed from the Latimer family through the Nevills to the Willoughbys, and is now vested apparently in Lord Willoughby de Broke." We find 'Burke' handy of reference, as one is able at once to establish the exact relationship between members of the same families. Then there is the unique feature of indicating, by an ingenious system of numbering, the exact rank or precedence of every one, titled or untitled; while the full genealogical account of the families treated of is most valuable. Notices to Correspondents. ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers' at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answer MR. ASHWORTH P. BURKE, who edits Burke' jointly with Sir Bernard, opens his preface by noting a curious coincidence which forms historical record: "The senior coheir general of the Royal Stuarts, Maria Theresa, Queen Consort of Ludwig III., ascended the throne of Bavaria in the same week that Prince Ernest Augustus, only surviving son of the Duke of Cumberland, heiring queries, or making notes with regard to previous male of our sovereigns of the house of Guelph, became Reigning Duke of Brunswick, having by a happy marriage with the German Emperor's daughter ended a long-standing feud." The few Peerages created during the year have been mainly in connexion with judicial changes. The Lord Chief Justice was created Viscount Alverstone on his retirement; Mr. Justice Parker was appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, and a Peer for life as Lord Parker of Waddington; and Lord Justice Hamilton was appointed a Lord of Appeal, and a Peer for life as Lord Sumner. Lord Dunedin was also appointed a Lord of Appeal, but, as he was already a Peer, the appointment did not entail a new creation. Besides these, the new peers include Sir George Kemp, created, Lord Rochdale and Sir George Clarke, expert in military organizations, sometime Governor of Victoria, and afterwards of Bengal, created Lord Sydenham of Combe. But perhaps of more interest has been the restoration of two ancient Peerage titles. The senior of these, the Barony of Furnivall, created in 1295, was merged for nearly two centuries in the Earldom of Shrewsbury, and afterwards, for another century, in the Dukedom of Norfolk, until it fell into abeyance at the death of the ninth Duke in 1777. The abeyance has been terminated by the Crown in favour of one of the coheirs, the only child of the late Lord Petre. This young lady, now Baroness Furnivall, is the first to be known by that title since Maud Nevill, in her own right entries in the paper, contributors are requested to MAJOR LESLIE and NANKING.-Forwarded. SIR WILLIAM BULL and MR. ALECK ABRAHAMS. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 10, 1914. CONTENTS.-No. 211. NOTES:- Adjectives from French Place Names, 21-in topographical literature, local journals, QUERIES:- Sir John Steuart, Bart., 26 -"Trod," "Trode," Past Tense of "Tread" - -Trilby - Micah, Admonition, Argent, as Female Names-King's Lynn as a Spa, 27-John Thurtell's Family: "Widows' men," "Dead men's cloathes "-The Iden Brass at PenshurstGeorge Cotterell, Banker, Naples-Mediæval Bell-Over Kennett, Lancashire, 28-Harriet Wilkes: Mrs. RoughWays of being Lost: Hindu Reference Sought-Curious Names on a Coffin Plate-Parishes in Two or More Counties Dover seen from Calais - Prior Family of Tewkesbury Cromwell's Illegitimate Daughter, Mrs. Hartop: Thomas Philpot-Moule, 29-"Rawhead" and "Bloody-Bones"-Biographical Information WantedMarsack-Brutton, 30. REPLIES:- Pirates: Capt. Woodes Rogers, 30-The Wearing of Swords-Groom of the Stole-Glasgow Cross and Defoe's 'Tour'-John Strout (Stroude), DevonPepys Query, 32-Norborne-Dramatic Criticism-Moira Jewel, 33-"The honours three "-Burlesques of Mystery Plays-Uncollected Kipling Items, 34-Upright Stones in Open Churchyards, 35-Thomas Hudson, Portrait Painter-"Man is immortal till his work is done," 36— The Legend of St. Christopher: Painting at Ampthill Dr. W. Dick- Military: Coloured Print Wanted Musarum Delicia,' 37- Heart Burial in Niches in Church Walls-Spong-Matthew Parker's Ordination Governor Walker, 38-Aphra Behn's Comedies, 39. NOTES ON BOOKS :-Samplers and Tapestry Em broideries '-Reviews and Magazines. Booksellers' Catalogues. Notices to Correspondents. Notes. ADJECTIVES FROM FRENCH PLACE NAMES. "BIZONTINS (c'est ainsi que s'appellent les habitants de Besançon)," quoth not so long ago a correspondent of L'Intermédiaire, the French N. & Q.' If it be not absurd for a Frenchman to remind others of a curiosity of their language, one may, perhaps, be excused for laying before readers of N. & Q.' a few such adjectival forms collected during several months' gleaning among the antiquarian and bibliographical journals of our neighbours across Channel. and provincial biographical repertoria; some are entered under the place-name itself in Larousse. A great number would appear, nevertheless, to have a more vigorous existence than one would suppose is the lot of such a term as Mancunian," if not of "Glaswegian." 66 Here are a few: arrageois (Arras), blésois (Blois), briochois (Saint-Brieuc), quercynois (Le Quercy), graylois (Gray), biterrois (Béziers), dôlois (Dôle), sammiellois (SaintMihiel), stéphanois (Saint-Étienne). Is a native of one of the numerous Saint-Sulpice villages adjectivally one with the sons of the erstwhile famous seminary? What is an inhabitant of Dol-de-Bretagne ? Franche-Comté gives "franc-comtois " and "comtois "; the Comtat-Venaissin, comtadin." I have found sévrois (Sèvres) and “vivarois " (Viviers). 66 66 Ending in ien: calésien, languédocien, and angoumoisien, from provinces; there may also be mentioned morlaisien (Morlaix), cadurcien (Cahors: why not "caoursin"?), petrocorien (Périgueux), cotentin (Coutances and Le Cotentin), melgorien (Melgueil), vellavien (Le Velay), ternésien (Ternois), and savoisien. Montpelliérain is clumsy, but correct. According to Littré, Foix gives foxien," but one may find fuxéen the antiquarian journal of the Ariége. A native of Auch is "auscitain." 66 in It is peculiar that a man of Bourges should be " berruyer," whilst he of Berry is "berrichon." Beauceron (Le Beauce), percheron (Le Perche), and sainton (Saintes) are, perhaps, more familiar. In ais are sénonais (Sens), montalbanais (Montauban), ossalais (Ossau), mortainais (Mortagne), and gévaudanais (Le Gévaudan). In -eau : manceau (Le Mans), tourangeau (Tours and La Touraine). In at rouergat (Le Rouergue) follows the well-known " auvergnat." Messin is from Metz; brestois from Brest; but bressan from Bresse. Quite well known are albigeois, angevin, artésien, bordelais, bourguignon, breton, Delphinal" may be found, from Dauchartrain, gascon, limousin, marseillais, phiné, but Larousse gives dauphinois"; 66 also rémois, normand, poitevin, provençal, &c., but others there are which one may suppose not all Frenchmen can have met with. One would hardly doubt the correct morvandel." A man of Rhodez appears to be rhuténois. The French language leaves a native of Troyes indistinguishable from a Trojan. 66 Probably the French place-names of Belgium yield some interesting adjectival forms: a man of Roulers is "rollarien." Readers of N. & Q.' will, no doubt, be able to add to the above, which, with " turquenois (Tourcoing) and "verviétois exhaust the writer's notebook. It is something to come across such forms as "briochois or "fuxéen" in cold print; the more so if actually used, and not merely preserved in a dictionary or word-museum. I note the recent publication of "Essai historique sur Tréguier, par un Trécorrois." SICILE. ROBERT BARON, AUTHOR OF 'MIRZA, A TRAGEDIE.' (See ante, p. 1.) FROM the names alone previously given one might have surmised that Baron had come from Norwich. Do the names also indicate that he had not yet definitely joined either political camp, but counted his friends in both? The only indication of political opinions which I have noticed in The Cyprian Academy' shows the author as rather a Royalist than a Parliamentarian. Flaminius, after landing at Dover, admired the beauty of the island, "He resided in the Metropolitan City Paris, till Cynthia had 6. times repaired her wained hornes; then Paris the durty Theater of all Nations, being plagued with an almost generall infection, or invalitude, Flaminius with his cousin German, the Duke of Luynes, (the powerfull Favourite of the crown of France,) retired to his Tusculanium [sic] at Poysey, a prety gentle place, scituated upon the River Sequana, some 15. miles distant from Paris, at the foot of the great Forrest of St. German the French King at this time had his residence at his standing house within a mile of Possy [=Poissy]." Perhaps Baron had himself been driven from the unhealthy conditions of Paris to a retreat at Poissy. The Cyprian Academy' is chiefly notorious, however, for its plagiarisms from Milton's Minor Poems' of 1645, which were first exposed in print by Warton, and were given still more fully (as the 'D.N.B.' says) in the booksellers' edition of Milton of 1801, vol. vi. pp. 401-8. Mr. Knight, who considers successful plagiarism to be Baron's chief title to distinction, would have done well to remember, as Langbaine did, that "which was then fluorishing, enioying a wel setled and a happy peace under an unusurped Governe-The Cyprian Academy' was the work of ment"-Cyp. Acad.,' Part II. p. 2. a boy of 17. He seems to me to credit The Cyprian Academy' is a romance in Baron also with a cunning which he did not prose and verse, which embodies in it two possess when he says that "with so much dramatic pieces: Deorum Dona,' a masque; judgment did he steal that his thefts passed and Gripus and Hegio,' a pastoral in three unrecognized for more than a century after acts. These are said by Fleay*-I do not his death." What is really striking is the know on what ground-to have been insouciance with which he steals, not merely written, but not acted," at Cambridge. from Milton, but from Shakespeare, Suckling, It certainly seems likely that they were com- Lovelace, Carew, and others. Milton at the posed before the narrative in which they moment may have been the least known, The romance shows the effect of but no reader of the time could have failed Sidney's Arcadia' on an imitative boy. to notice the bold borrowings from other Its language, however, while it has many poets. Langbaine himself had detected touches of old-fashioned euphuism, is dis-obligations to Waller and to Webster's tinguished by a recourse to the most absurd Duchess of Malfy': excusable," he says, Latin expressions,† which suggests a study only on the account of the Author's Youth." 'Biogr. History,' sub 'Baron, R.' are set. # + Take, for example: 66 66 A Miltonic reminiscence which has not been noticed occurs at part ii. p. 32, a 66 Now, now we Symbolize in egritude [we are sick promentory or starry pointed Piramid" alike].-I. 34. let their coynesse set an edge on us. ('Ep. on Shakespeare'); another at part i. And cuspidat our animosities [sharpen our courage].Sol. Music,' line 7). Suckling's Ballad p. 20, "from 's Saphire colour'd throne " -1.52. Great Troy-novant polyanthropicall [populous of a Wedding-Day' has led to two lines London].-II. 3. A sleeke stone to repumicate her linnen.-I. 11. (part iii. p. 72):— Her round small feet beneath her roab doe run |