LOGS REDUCED TO ONE INCH BOARD MEASURE. Length in feet in top line. Diameter in inches in heavy column. Example: A log 18 ft. long and 24 in. in diameter at small end makes 464 sq. ft. Rule: For logs over 13 in. in diameter, subtract 60 from the square of diameter, multiply remainder by half the length in feet, and point off the right band figure. Result is the number of sq. ft. For small log table see page 416. 10 12 14 16 Diam 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 34 25 80 85 40 10 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 85 83 40 46 53 11 59 66 73 79 86 92 99 112 43 52 60 69 12 77 86 95 103 112 120 129 146 55 66 77 88 13 99 110 121 132 143 154 165 187 68 82 95 109 14 122 136 150 163 177 190 204 231 83 99 116 132 15 149 165 182 198 215 231 248 281 98 118 137 157 16 176 196 216 285 255 274 294 833 115 187 160 183 17 206 229 252 275 298 321 844 899 132 158 185 211 18 238 264 290 817 843 870 396 449 151 181 211 241 19 271 801 881 861 891 421 452 612 170 204 238 272 20 806 840 874 408 442 476 510 578 191 229 267 305 21 843 881 419 457 495 533 572 648 212 254 297 839 22 882 424 466 509 551 594 636 721 235 281 828 875 23 422 469 516 563 610 657 704 797 258 310 861 413 24 464 516 568 619 671 722 774 877 283 839 896 452 25 509 565 622 678 785 791 848 961 808 870 431 493 26 554 616 678 739 801 862 924 1047 835 401 468 535 27 602 669 786 803 870 987 1004 1187 862 434 507 579 28 652 724 796 869 941 1014 1086 1231 891 469 547 625 29 703 781 859 937 1015 1098 1172 1828 420 504 588 672 30 756 840 924 1008 1092 1176 1260 1428 451 541 631 721 3.1 811 901 991 1081 1171 1261 1852 1582 482 578 675 771 32 868 964 1060 1157 1258 1350 1446 1639 515 617 720 823 33 926 1029 1132 1235 1888 1441 1544 1749 548 658 767 877 34 986 1096 1206 1815 1425 1534 1644 1868 583 699 816 932 35 1049 1165 1282 1398 1515 1881 1748 1981 618 742 865 989 36 1112 1236 1360 1483 1607 1780 1854 2101 655 785 916 1047 37 1178 1309 1440 1571 1702 1833 1964 2225 692 830 969 1107 38 1246 1384 1822 1661 1799 1938 2076 2853 731 877 1023 1169 39 1815 1461 1607 1753 1899 2045 2192 2484 770 924 1078 1232 40 1386 1540 1694 1848 2002 3156 2310 2618 611 973 1185 1297 41 1459 1621 1783 1945 2107 2269 2432 2756 852 1022 1193 1363 42 1534 1704 1874 2045 2215 2386 2556 2897 895 1078 1252 1431 43 1610 1789 1968 2147 2326 2505 2684 8041 988 1126 1313 1501 44 1688 1876 2064 2251 2439 2626 2814 8189 983 1179 1876 1572 45 1769 1965 2162 2358 2555 2751 2948 8341 1028 1234 1439 16456 1850 2056 2262 2467 2678 2878 3084 3495 1075 1289 1504 171947 1934 2149 2364 2579 2794 3009|3224 3653 1122 1846 1571 1795 48 2020 2244 2468 2693 2917 8142 3366 8815 1171 1405 1689 1873 49 2107 2341 2575 2809 3043 3277 8512 8980 1220 1464 1708 1952 50 2196 2440 2684 2928 3172 3416 3660 4148 1871 1525 1779 2033 51 2287 2541 2795 3049 8303 3557 8812 4320 1822 1586 1851 2115 52 2380 2644 2908 3173 3487 8702 8966 4495 1375 1640 1924 2199 53 2474 2749 3024 3299 3574 8849 4124 4673 1428 1714 1999 2285 54 2570 2856 3142 3427 8718 3998 4284 4855 1483 1779 2076 2372 55 2669 2965 3262 8558 3855 4151 4448 5041 1538 1846 2153 2461 56 2768 3076 3384 3691 3999 4806 4614 5229 1595 1913 2232 2551 57 2870 3189 3508 3827 4146 4465 4784 5421 1652 1982 2313 2643 58 2974 3304 3634 39654295 4626 4956 5617 1711 2053 2395 273759 3079 3421 3763 4105 4447 4789 5132 5816 1770 2124 2476|2832| 60 | 3186 3540 3894 4248 4602 4956 5810 6018 Number of Shingles Required for a Roof Rule.-Multiply the length of the ridge pole by twice the length of one rafter, and, if the shingles are to be exposed 41⁄2 inches to the weather, multiply by 8, and if exposed 5 inches to the weather, multiply by 7%, and you have the number of shingles. NOTE.-Shingles are 16 inches long, and average about 4 inches wide. They are put up in bundles of 250 each. One bundle 16-inch shingles will cover 30 square feet. One bundle 18-inch shingles will cover 33 square feet. When laid 5 inches to the weather, 5 pounds 4-penny or 3% pounds 3-penny nails will lay 1,000 shingles. Slating to The thickness of slate ranges from of an inch, and their weight varies from 2.6 to 4.5 lbs. per square foot. The lap of slates varies from 2 to 4 inches. The standard is assumed to be 3 inches. Rule for computing the number of slates of a given size required per square.-Subtract 3 inches from the length of the slate, multiply the remainder by the width and divide by 2. Divide 14.400 by the number so found, and the result will be the number of slates required. Dimensions of Slates and Numbers Required to a Square 12X6 requires 533 to the square; 14X9 requires 291; 18X9 requires 213; 24x13 requires 105. Number of Laths for a Room Laths are 4 feet long and 11⁄2 inches wide, and 16 laths are generally estimated to the square yard. Rule. Find the number of square yards in the room and multiply by 16, and the result will equal the number of laths necessary to cover the room. To find the number of square yards in a ceiling or wall, multiply the length by the width or height (in feet) and divide the product by 9; the result will be the square yards. LARGE LIBRARIES The largest library in the world is the Bibliotheque National, in Paris, founded by Louis XIV. It contains over 3,000,000 volumes. The second largest library is that of the British Museum, which contains something over 2,000,000. The Public Library of New York in the third largest library in the world. It contains 1,984,653 volumes and printed pamphlets. The Library of Congress is the fourth largest library in the world. It contains about 1,891,800 printed books and pamphlets. The Imperial Library of Russia, established by Peter the Great, is the fifth among the world's great libraries. It contains about 1,300,000 volumes and 27,000 manuscripts. It attained a place in the front rank of European libraries by the acquisition of the celebrated Zaluski collection. Count Zaluski had collected about 260,000 volumes and 10,000 manuscripts. On the suppression of the Jesuit order in Russia the collection of the books in their possession was taken in charge by Prince Italinski and, among other libraries, the Prince transferred the Zaluski collection from the Jesuit College at Warsaw to St. Petersburg. The most important of the manuscripts in this library is the "Codex Sinaiticus" of the Greek Bible, brought from the convent of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai by Professor Tischendorf in 1859. WHAT CONSTITUTES A DAY? The word day is used in several different senses. A solar, astronomical, or apparent day is the interval between the time the sun's coming to the meridian and returning to it again. A siderial day is the interval between the time of a star's coming to the meridian and again returning to it on the immediate subsequent night, or, in other words, is the time occupied by a revolution of the earth on its axis. A day, in law, includes the whole 24 hours from midnight to midnight. In reckoning periods of time from a certain event, the day on which the event occurred is excluded. On the other hand, if it be required to prove survival for a certain number of days, it will suffice if the person be alive for any portion, however small, of the last day. While an obligation to pay on a certain day would therefore be theoretically discharged by payment before midnight, the law requires that reasonable hours be observed-for example, if the payment (as a bill) is at a bank or place of business, it must be within banking or business hours. Generally in the United States, a bill or note becoming due on a Sunday or a holiday, is payable on the first business day thereafter. 1 RULES FOR PAINTING Usually one-fourth of a pound of paint is allowed for each square yard for the first coat, and one-sixth of a pound for each additional coat. One pound of stopping should be allowed for every 20 square yards. A gallon of tar and 1 pound of pitch will cover about 12 square yards the first coat, and 17 yards each additional coat. Priming consists of white lead and linseed oil. Knotting consists of red lead and size. Putty consists of Spanish whiting and linseed oil. White Paint.-Twenty-eight pounds white lead, 6 pints linseed oil, 2 pints turpentine and 1 pound litharge, will cover about 108 square yards. Black Paint.-Twenty-eight pounds black paint, 10 pints lin. seed oil, 2 pints turpentine, and 1 pound litharge, will cover about 160 square yards. Distemper.-One hundred and twelve pounds whiting, 28 pounds dry white lead, and 7 pounds glue, mixed with boiling water. With ordinary paints, new wood and iron work require fous coats, including the priming coat, but exclusive of any flatting coats. Old paint requires two coats for inside and three for outside work. The following are the superficial yards which a fixed amount of material will cover in each coat, arrived at from actual measurement of work done with materials issued from store. 2 pints spirits of turpentine. *Or oz, burnt white vitriol, and 1 oz. of litharge. For outside work, when exposed to the sun, more turpentine should be used to prevent the paint from blistering, and only boiled linseed oil should be used. For inside work raw linseed may be used, but the less oil the less gloss. For the flatting coat, the color being ground in oil, only turps is added. For colored paints, the last two coats have the color added to the composition in the proportion of 1 to 2 pounds for every 10 yards of surface to be painted; and the quantity of white lead is reduced in proportion. TO MIX INKS OR PAINTS FOR TINTS A larger quantity of the first-named color must always be used. Dark green and purple make bottle green. White and medium yellow make buff tint. Red, black and blue make dark brown. Bronze blue, lemon yellow and black make dark green. White, lake and lemon yellow make flesh tint. Lemon yellow and bronze blue make grass green. White and purple make lavender tint. Red, black and medium yellow make maroon. Lake and purple make magenta. Medium yellow and purple make olive green. Medium yellow and red make orange. White, ultramarine blue and black make pearl tint. White and lake make pink. Ultramarine blue and lake make purple. Orange, lake and purple make russet., Medium yellow, red and white make sienna. White and ultramarine blue make sky blue. Ultramarine blue, black and white make slate. Vermilion and black make Turkey red. White, yellow, red and black make umber. How to Mix Paints of Simple Colors to Produce Various Tints Buff.-White lead and yellow ocher. Chestnut.-Light red and black. Cream Color.-Same as for buff, but with more white. Chocolate.-Black, with Spanish brown, or Venetian red. Drab.-White lead, burnt umber, and a little yellow ocher (warm); white lead, raw umber, and a little black (cool). |