WEIGHTS AND MEASURES then multiply by 8, cut off the right-hand figure, and you have the number of cubic inches. Divide by 2774 and you have the number of gallons. To find the bushels divide by 2150.4. Example.-How many gallons in a barrel, whose middle or bung diameter is 20 inches, and end diameter is 16 inches, and 30 inches in height? Solution.-20+16÷2-18 average diameter. 18X18X30X8=7776. 7776-2774-28 52-1109 gallons. NOTE. A barrel is estimated usually at 31 gallons. hogshead at 63 gallons. The To Find the Contents of a Watering-Trough Rule.-Multiply the height in feet by the length in feet, and the product by the width in feet, and divide the result by 4, and you will have the contents in barrels of 311⁄2 gallons each. Example.-What are the contents of a watering-trough 10 feet deep? feet long, 6 feet wide, and Solution.-4X10×6=240÷÷4=60 barrels. NOTE. For exact results multiply the length in inches by the height in inches, by the width in inches, and divide the result by 231, and you will have the contents in gallons. Rule for Measuring Hay Good timothy hay in the mow when thoroughly settled takes about 350 cu. ft. to make a ton. Partly settled or new hay takes from 400 to 500 cu. ft., while common meadow hay takes Hay stacked nearly twice the number of cu. ft. to a ton. takes probably 100 cu. ft. more than hay in the mow." .-How Example.- many tons in a mow 25 ft. long, 20 ft. wide and 14 ft. high? 25×20×14=7000 cu. ft. 7000-÷350-20 tons. * How to Estimate the Number of Tons in a Stack by one-half the height, and divide the product by 300. Example: How many tons of hay in a stack 20 feet long, 12 feet high, and 15 feet wide? Solution: 20×6×15÷300-6 tons. Ans. How to Estimate the Contents of a Round Stack Rule.-Multiply the square of the distance around the stack in yards by 4 times the height in yards, and point off two places from the right, and this will be the number of cubic yards in the stack, which divided by 20 will equal the number of tons. Example: How many tons of hay in a stack, distance around the bulge, 25 yards, and height, 9 yards? Solution: 25X25-625, then 625×36=22,500, pointing off two places makes 225, then 225÷2011 tons. Ans. For millet *Some authorities allow only 350 cubic feet for a ton of timothy Others allow 343 to 420. hay when thoroughly settled. The fact is, hay in stack or allow only 216 cubic feet to a ton. mow can only be approximately ascertained by measurement. BUILDERS' TABLES BUILDERS' ESTIMATING TABLES Quantity of material in every four lineal feet of exterior wall in a balloon frame building, height of wall being given: Size of Studs, Braces, of Rough of inch Tar in Paper in Lumber. Boarding sup. ft. sup. feet. Amount of lumber in rafters, collar-piece and boarding, and number of shingles to four lineal feet of roof, measured from eave to eave over ridge. Rafters 16-inch centers: Comparative Strength of Timber and Cast Iron Table showing the transverse strength of timber and of cast iron one foot long and one inch square. BUILDERS' TABLE OF BRICK REQUIRED Square feet of wall surface. (Allowing 7 Brick to Superficial Square Foot.) 4 inches 8 inches 12 inches 16 inches 20 inches 24 inches 600 4,500 9,000 13,500 700 5,250 10,500 800 6,000 900 1,000 18,000 22,500 27,000 15,750 21,000 26,250 31,500 12,000 18,000 24,000 30,000 36,000 6,750 13,500 20,250 27,000 33,750 40,500 7,500 15,000 22,500 30,000 37,500 45,000 Facts for Builders 100 square feet of surface, 4 inches to weather, requires about 1,000 shingles. 1,000 shingles require of shingle nails about 5 pounds. 70 yards of surface will require about 1,000 laths. 100 square yards of plaster will require 16 bu, sand, 8 bu. lime, 1 bu. hair. 1,000 laths will require of lath nails 11 pounds. 100 cubic feet of wall will require 1 cord stone, 3 bu. lime and 1 cubic yard of sand. One-fifth more siding is required than surface measure, to allow for lap. 1. A cord of stone, three bushels of lime and a cubic yard of sand will make 100 cubic feet of wall. 2. One cubic foot of stonework weighs from 130 to 175 pounds. Brickwork 3. Five courses of brick will make one foot in height on a chimney. 4. One cubic foot of brickwork, with common mortar, weighs from 100 to 110 pounds. 5. A cask of lime will make mortar sufficient for 1,000 bricks. For Plastering 6. Six bushels of lime, 40 cubic feet of sand* and 11⁄2 bushels of hair will plaster 100 square yards with two coats of mortar. *N. B. There are about 14 cubic feet in a bushel. Common Brick in a Wall or Building A brick is 8 inches long, 4 inches wide and 2 inches thick, and contains 64 cubic inches. Twenty-seven brick make one cubio foot of wall, without mortar, and it takes from 20 to 22 bricks, according to the amount of mortar used, to make a cubic foot of wall with mortar. Rule.-Multiply the length of the wall in feet by the height in feet, and that by its thickness in feet, and then multiply that result by 20, and the product will be the number of bricks in the wall. N. B. For a wall 8 inches thick multiply the length in feet by the height in feet and that result by 15, and the product will equal the number of bricks. When doors and windows occur in the wall multiply their height, width and thickness together and deduct the amount from the solid contents of the wall before multiplying by 20 or 15, as the case may be. Short Method of Estimating Stonework Rule.-Multiply the length in feet by the height in feet, and that by the thickness in feet, and divide this result by 22 and the quotient will be the number of perches of stone in the wall. N. B. In a perch of stone there are 244 cubic feet, but 24 cubic feet are generally allowed for the mortar and filling. How to Find the Number of Cord Stone to Build Cellar and Barn Walls Rule.—Multiply the length, height and thickness together in feet, and divide the result by 100. N. B.-There are 128 cubic feet in a cord, but the mortar and sand make * necessary to use but 100 cubic feet of stone. The Number of Bricks Required for a Building The average brick is eight inches long, four inches wide and two inches thick, or 64 (8×4×2) cubic inches; 1,728 cubic inches make one cubic foot, and 27 bricks make 1,728 (64×27) cubio inches. In laying bricks is allowed for mortar, or 4 out of every 27, leaving 22 actual bricks for each cubic foot. Therefore, multiply the dimensions-length, height and thickness-in feet and fraction of a foot, of the several brick walls, and the product by 22 and the result will be the number of bricks required. Multiply by 20 instead of 224 if the bricks are larger than the average above given. Allowance should be made for chimneys, projections for mantels and the like on the same basis. |