top and also at the bottom, add the two sums together, and divide by 2, which will give the mean width.

Capacity or Contents of a Granary, Bin, Crib or Wagon Multiply the three dimensions—the length, width and depthin feet (the inches, if any, being reduced to fractions of a foot), multiply the product by the decimal .803564, or deduct onefifth, which is sufficiently exact for ordinary purposes, and the result is the number of bushels. Where the wagon or crib flares considerably in length or width, it will be necessary to obtain a mean dimension. This is done by taking the longest and shortest measures, with one or more intermediate ones, and dividing the sum of all by the number taken. The quotient will be the mean dimension sought. The greater the flare the larger the number of intermediate dimensions that should be taken to insure accuracy. Corn in the ear, when first cribbed, is estimated at twice the bulk of shelled corn.

Capacity of Corn-Cribs Ten Feet High

26 28 30

Lgth. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26

Breadth in Ft.

135 149 162 175 189 202 216 243 270 297 324 351 378 405 3 158 173 189 205 221 236 258 284 315 347 378 410 451 473 180 198 216 234 252 270 288 324 360 396 432 468 504 540 4 203 223 243 263 283 304 324 365 405 446 448 527 567 608 225 248 270 292 315 337 360 405 450 495 540 585 630 675 5 248 272 297 322 347 371 396 446 495 545 594 644 693 743 270 297 324 351 378 405 432 486 540 594 648 702 756 810 6 293 322 351 380 410 439 468 527 585 644 702 761 819 878 315 347 378 409 441 472 504 567 630 693 756 819 882 945 7 338 371 405 439 473 506 540 608 675 743 810 878 945 1013 8 360 396 432 468 504 540 576 648 720 792 864 936 1008 1080 383 421 459 497 536 574 612 689 765 842 918 995 1071 1148 405 446 486 526 567 607 648 729 810 891 972 1053 1134 1215 10 450 495 540 585 539 675 720 810 900 990 1080 1170 1260 1350 11 495 545 594 643 693 742 792 891 990 1089 1188 1287 1386 1485 12 540 594 648 702 756 810 864 972 1080 1188 1296 1404 1512 1620

8

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Comparative Value of Good Hay and Other Food for Stock

Table Showing Amount of Hay or Its Equivalent Required Each Day for Every One Hundred Pounds

How to Tell the Age of Cattle

Age of Cattle. A cow's horn is generally supposed to furnish a correct indication of the age of the animal. This is not always true. However, for ordinary purposes, the following will be found to be approximately correct. At two years of age a circle of thick matter begins to form on the animal's horns, which becomes clearly defined at three years of age, when another circle or ring begins to form, and so on year after year. Its age then can be determined by counting the number of rings and adding two to their number. The rings on the bull's horns do not show themselves until he is five years old, so to the number of rings we must add five to arrive at his age. Unless the rings are clear and distinct, this rule will not apply. Besides, dealers sometimes file off some of the rings of old cattle to make them appear younger.

Age of Sheep and Goats. At one year old they have eight front teeth of uniform size. At two years of age the two middle ones are supplanted by two large ones. At three, a small tooth appears on each side. At four, there are six large teeth. At five, all the front teeth are large, and at six the whole begin to get large.

To Find the Weight of Live Stock by Measurement

The only instrument necessary is a measure with feet and inch marks upon it. The girth is the circumference of the animal just behind the shoulder blades. The length is the distance from the shoulder blades. The superficial feet are obtained by multiplying the girth and length. The following table contains the rule to ascertain the weight of the animal:

If less than one foot in girth, multiply superficial feet by eight.

If less than three and more than one, multiply superficial feet by eleven. If less than five and more than three, multiply superficial feet by sixteen. If less than seven and more than five, multiply superficial feet by twenty three.

If less than nine and more than seven, multiply superficial feet by thirtythree.

two.

If less than eleven and more than nine, multiply superficial feet by forty

EXAMPLE: Suppose the girth of a bullock to be six feet three inches length five feet six inches; the superficial area will then be thirty-four, and, in accordance with the preceding table, the weight will be seven hundred and eighty-two pounds.

EXAMPLE: Suppose a pig to measure in girth two feet, and length one foot and nine inches. There would then be 34 feet, which, multiplied by eleven, gives 384 pounds as the weight of the animal when dressed. In this way, the weight of the four quarters can be substantially ascertained during life.

Measurement of Land

If the field be a square or parallelogram, multiply the length in rods by the width in rods, and divide by 160, the number of square rods in an acre. If the field is triangular, multiply the length of the longest side in rods by the greatest width in rods, and divide half the product by 160. If the field be of irregular shape, divide it into triangles, and find the acreage of each triangle as above. All straight-sided fields can be thus measured. Where the sides are crooked and irregular, take the length in rods in a number of places at equal distances apart, add them, and divide by the number of measurements, which will give the mean length; proceed similarly with the width, multiply the mean length by the mean width, and divide by 160. Where the field is in a circle, find the diameter in rods, multiply the square of the diameter by 7.854, and divide by 160.

To Lay Out an Acre in Rectangular Form.-An acre of land contains 160 square rods, or 43,560 square feet. Hence, to lay out an acre at right angles (square corners), when one side is known, divide the units in the square contents by the units of

the same kind in the length of the known side. Thus: if the known side be 4 rods, divide 160 by 4, and the quotient, 40, will be the depth of the acre-plot. If the length of the known side be 90 feet, divide 43,560 by 90, and the quotient, 48, will be the depth of an acre-plot.

Either of the following measures include an acre plot:

Square Feet and Feet Square in Fractions of an Acre.

Amount of Barbed Wire Required for Fences

Estimated number of pounds of Barbed Wire required to fence space of distances mentioned, with one, two or three lines of wire, based upon each pound of wire measuring one rod (16 feet).

The following are minimum weights of certain articles of produce accord< ing to the laws of the United States:

SALT.-Weight per bushel as adopted by different States ranges from 50 to 80 pounds. Coarse salt in Pennsylvania is reckoned at 80 pounds, and in Illinois at 50 pounds per bushel. Fine salt in Pennsylvania is reckoned at 62 pounds, in Kentucky and Illinois at 55 pounds per bushel.

Area and Weight of Tile

The following table shows the area and the weight of the different sized tile: