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PREFACE.

It is the intention of the Hydrographic Office to publish, as soon as possible, a complete set of sailing directions for the Great Lakes.

At present the sailing directions will be published in parts, beginning with Lake Superior, the present work being the second.

This will be followed in turn by Lake Huron with the St. Clair and Detroit rivers, and Lake St. Clair; and finally by lakes Erie and Ontario, with the St. Lawrence River to Montreal.

At Montreal the work will connect with Hydrographic Office publication No. 100, thus giving complete sailing directions from Duluth, Minn., to the Atlantic Ocean.

The general description of Lake Michigan has been obtained from various encyclopædia, and the description of the coast and harbors chiefly from the annual reports and bulletins of the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, from the charts published by the Hydrographic Office, the United States Engineers, and from special maps and letters from Major J. F. Gregory, and Captain W. L. Marshall, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army.

The lighthouses, lightvessels, ranges, beacons, buoys, and daymarks are described from the publications of the U. S. Lighthouse Board.

Through Lieutenant G. P. Blow, U. S. Navy, in charge of the branch Hydrographic Office, Chicago, Ill., and through the courtesy of local authorities much valuable data has been procured.

It must be remembered that the first issue of such a work can not be complete and the Office must depend upon the cooperation of those who dwell near the lakes, as well as of those who navigate them, for prompt information concerning any errors or omissions, and such cooperation is earnestly requested.

The articles appended to this work are such as may be of interest and value to the mariner.

"The Rules of the Road for the Lakes, etc., of the United States." "Signals: Weather, Storm, and Temperature, with Diagrams, United States and Canada."

"Brief Rules for the Use of Oil," with diagrams.

"Anchoring and Riding out Gales in Deep Water."

"Currents of Lake Michigan," with map, United States Weather Bureau. Miscellaneous matter.

The thanks of the Office are due, for valuable information furnished in response to its circular letter, to

Martin J. Russell, Collector of Customs, Chicago, Ill.;

Samuel G. Artingstall, City Engineer, Chicago, Ill.;

F. B. Higgie, Secretary of the Shipmasters' Association, Chicago, Ill.; R. Forsyth, 2d Vice President Illinois Steel Co., South Chicago, Ill.; J. S. Dunham, President Dunham Towing and Wrecking Co., Chicago, Ill.;

James Pickands, President Minnesota Steamship Co., Cleveland, Ohio; H. F. Loftus, Master Str. "Manhattan," Interocean S. S. Co., Windsor Park, P. O., Ill. ;

Geo. P. Hummer, Manager, West Michigan Furniture Co., Holland, Mich.;

Charles Morton, Keeper U. S. Life Saving Station, Holland, Mich. ; W. B. O. Sands, President Pentwater Bedstead Co., Pentwater, Mich.; Dr. Wm. M. Farr, Mayor of Kenosha, Wis. ;

H. S. Van Ingen, Superintendent Pennsylvania Coal Co., Chicago, Ill.; G. B. Parks, Special Deputy Collector of Customs, Grand Haven, Mich. ; J. E. Hamilton, Mayor of Two Rivers, Wis.;

G. Biedermann, Mayor of Port Washington, Wis. ;

James McCarthy, Harbormaster, Port Washington, Wis. ;

Frank Geele, Mayor of Sheboygan, Wis.;

;

John McSweeney, Secretary Shipmasters' Association, Milwaukee, Wis.
August Ro-s, Collector of Customs, Milwaukee, Wis., and
Captain A. B. Davis, U. S. Revenue Cutter "Andrew Johnson."

This work has been prepared by Lieutenant D. H. Mahan, U. S. Navy, in charge of the Division of Sailing Directions; assisted by Ensign James H. Reid, U. S. Navy.

The charts and illustrations were prepared by Mr. G. W. Littlehales, in charge of the Division of Chart Construction of this Office, and printed under his direction.

C. D. SIGSBEE,

Commander, U. S. Navy, Hydrographer.

U. S. HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE,

WASHINGTON, D. C., December 1, 1894.

NOTE.

The bearings, courses, and trend of the land are true, and given in points and degrees.

The directions of the winds, the points from which they blow; the directions of the currents, the points toward which they set.

Distances are expressed in nautical miles (the corresponding statute miles follow in parenthesis).

It is well to remember that on Hydrographic Office charts bearings and courses are true; distances are given in nautical miles.

On U. S. Engineer charts bearings and courses are true; distances are given in statute miles.

On British Admiralty charts bearings and courses are magnetic; distances are given in nautical miles.

(VII)

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