EAST SHORE.

As far north as Frankfort, with the exception of such shoals as are formed off the entrance of the harbors by the action of the rivers or during gales, there are no dangers. From there north the following

dangerous shoals are found along the coast:

Platte River Point Shoal.-This is a dangerous rocky spit.

Pyramid Point, a 13-foot patch one mile north.

Good Harbor Bay Shoals.-There are several dangerous shoals here. Carp River Shoals.-Four miles NE. of the dock at Carp River landing are two 12-foot spots.

Off Lighthouse Point and in the entrance of Grand Traverse Bay are several shoals close to shore.

Fishermans Island.-To the NE. is a 10-foot shoal.

South Manitou Island.-A rock lies SSW. distant 2 miles having 17 feet over it.

South Fox Island.-There are two shoal spots south of this island with 12 feet least water. One 3 miles, the other 63 miles distant. This

latter is buoyed.

Most of the dangers in the lake lie in the NE. section, near the entrance. The following are the principal ones:

Ile aux Galets, with surrounding shoals.

Garden Island and Shoals.

Hog Island.

Hog Island Reef, about 3 miles S. by E. from Hog Island.

Hat Island and Reef.-A rock liesmile south from the south end

of the island.

Squaw Island and Shoal.

Whiskey Island and Shoal.

Trout Island, with an 18-foot spot 2 miles W. by N. therefrom.
High Island, with a rock off NE. end.

Gull Island and Reef.-This reef, a rock awash, is about 4 miles SSE. from Gull Island.

Lansing Shoal, and

Grays Reef are grouped together with extensive shoals about them. To the northward and eastward of these are:

Waugoshance Island and Shoal,

Vienna Shoal,

Rose Shoal, really two shoals,

White Shoal, and

Simmons Reef. All marked by lights or buoys.

NORTH SHORE.

The principal dangers on this shore beginning east are:

St. Helena Island, a reef extending mile SE. from the SE. point.

St. Helena Shoal, 1 miles west of the NW. end of the island.
Manitou Paymen Shoal,

Pelkie Reef, and

Potter Reef. Besides many rocks and shoals just off shore.

WEST SHORE.

There are no great dangers between Chicago and Racine, but off the latter port is

Racine Reef, and north of it, all along the coast, are detached spots, as follows:

Shoal SE. of Milwaukee Light,

Whitefish Point Shoal,

A Dangerous Shoal, North of Cave Point,

Bailey Harbor Shoal,

Cana Island,

North Bay Shoals,

Rowley Bay Shoals,

Spider Island and Shoals,

Outer Shoal, and

Gravel Island.

About the entrance of Porte des Morts are several islands and shoals, as follows:

Nine Foot Shoal on the south side,

Pilot Island, north side,

Plum Island, and

Detroit Island, with outlying shoals.

North of this a chain of islands and shoals extends to the northward and eastward.

The principal are:

Washington Island,

Rock Island. These two are connected by a reef.

Fishermans Reef, with another to the southward.

Two Patches, 10 and 16 feet respectively, between Rock Island and St. Martin Island and Shoal,

Little Gull Island,

Gull Island,

Gravelly Island,

Gravelly Island Shoal,

Poverty Island,

Poverty Island Shoal,

Summer Island, shoals all around and connecting it with the mainland, Little Summer Island-shoals all around and connecting it with the mainland, and

Rocky Island.

GREEN BAY.

Big Bay de Noquette and Little Bay de Noquette are full of shoals, and south of Peninsula Point, which separates them, are the following dangers: Peninsula Point Shoal,

Eleven Foot Shoal,

Sixteen Foot Shoal,

Corona Shoal, and
Drisco Shoal.

Near the center of Green Bay are the following dangers :

Whaleback Shoal,

Chambers Island, and

Green Island, with the shoals about them.

On the west shore of Green Bay there are dangerous shoals near the entrance to Cedar River, and also the following to the southward: Menomonee Shoal, south of Menomonee Harbor.

Peshtigo Shoal,

Pansaukee Shoal,

Little Tail Point Shoal,

Long Tail Shoal, and almost continuous flats down the coast and across the south end of the bay, extending out at least 3 miles.

On the east shore of Green Bay the principal dangers are:

Snake Island and the shoals between Little Sturgeon Bay and Sturgeon Bay,

Offlying Spots between this latter bay and Egg Harbor,

Hat Island Shoal,

Hat Island,

Strawberry Islands and Shoals,

Horseshoe Island,

Horseshoe Reefs,

Sister Shoals, and

Sister Islands, besides some shoal spots near shore.

CHAPTER II.

SAILING DIRECTIONS FROM THE STRAITS OF MACKINAC TO THE PRINCIPAL PORTS IN LAKE MICHIGAN.

Directions for entering harbors will be found under the head of each harbor, where will also be found a description of the harbor lights, fog signals, buoys, etc.

A description of the coast about any port will be found under the heads, "CHICAGO TO

In case of deep-draft vessels (20 feet or over) it is best not to pass close to Waugoshance point on account of several 20-foot spots about there, but to keep to the northward of Rose shoal and then bear up for the southern ports. This course is described under the head of "CHICAGO TO THE STRAITS OF MACKINAC AND MACKINAC CITY."

SAILING DIRECTIONS.

(17) miles, until Waugoshance From this point courses can be

From a point N. 20° W. from Mackinac City light and distant 11⁄2 (18) miles steer W. S. (S. 87° 11′ W.), 14 light bears on port beam, distant mile. shaped to any port on Lake Michigan.

Caution. The eastern end of Rose shoal is unmarked.

To Traverse City.-From the point of departure off Waugoshance light, steer SW. S. (S. 39° 22′ W.), 7 (8) miles, until Ile aux Galets bears SE. about 24 (21) miles, when head SSW. (S. 22° 30′ W.) for 38% (441) miles until North Port Point bears NW., 13 (13) miles, when head S. by W. (S. 11° 15′ W.) for the dock at Traverse City, distant 21 (241) miles.

To Little Traverse. From the point given off Ile aux Galets head S. by E.E. (S. 14° 04′ E.), 9 (10) miles, to a point 13 (1) miles off Middle Village, from which point skirt the coast, keeping at least one mile off shore, to the harbor 12 (14) miles distant. A course can be made inside of Ile aux Galets, but no change should be made to the southward until well clear of Vienna shoal on the course SW. S. (S. 39° 22′ W.). Then by bringing Waugoshance light astern and heading S. & W. (8° 26' W.) until Ile aux Galets light bears abeam, all dangers will be cleared. FROM THE ENTRANCE OF LAKE MICHIGAN TO PORTS ON THE EAST AND SOUTH SHORES.

From the point of departure off Waugoshance light, head SW. & S. (S. 39° 22′ W.), 851 (98) miles, until Point Betsey light bears east, distant 4 (41) miles, then head as follows:

For ports to the southward: From the point off Point Betsey head S. by W. W. (S. 16° 52′ W.), 38 (44ğ) miles, until Big Point Sable light bears abeam, distant 4 (43) miles, then head as follows:

For ports to the southward of Pentwater (except St. Joseph and Michigan City): From the point off Big Sable head S. 4 E. (S. 2° 49′ E.), 251⁄2 (291) miles, until Little. Point Sable light bears abeam, distant 13 (2) miles, then head as follows:

light, head SW. & S. mile east of Vienna

To Chicago.-From the point off Waugoshance (S. 36° 33′ W.), 85 (98) miles, keeping at least Shoal buoy. With North Manitou open on starboard bow keep well clear of Pyramid and Sleeping Bear points.

When Point Betsey bears east, distant 4 (41) miles, head S. by W. 1/4 W. (S. 16° 52′ W.), 176 (2021) miles, which will carry to a point 13 (21) miles east from Chicago Pierhead light, from which run into the harbor. To Calumet (South Chicago).-Steer as if for Chicago until off Point Betsey, when head S. by W. W. (S. 15° 28′ W.), 1823 (210) miles, keeping well clear of the dangerous reefs and shoals south of Chicago, to a point 13 (1) miles off the entrance, when head into the harbor.