ployment, 289; protection of
women, 318, 319; compressed air
work, 320; lead industry, 321;
prohibition of poisonous phos-
phorus, 325, 326; glass blowing,
326; anthrax, 336, 368; work-
men's compensation, 367, 368;
health insurance, 387; old age
insurance, 399, 400, 403; gov-
ernment employees' pensions,
404; government life insurance,
406; widows' and orphans' in-
surance, 407; unemployment in-
surance, 410; International As-
sociation for Labor Legislation,
420; representation of interests,
444, 445; superior council of la-
bor, 444. See also Lyons, Paris.
Freedom of speech, guaranteed by
constitution, 6, 97; in relation
to unionism, 115.
Fruit preserving industry, rest peri-
ods, 247.
Furniture making, minimum wage,
173, 190.
Garnishment, in relation to wage
exemption, 48, 81.
Garretson, A. B., on hours of rail-
road employees, 230.
Gas plants, hours of labor in, 200.
Geneva, industrial courts, 86, 87.
Georgia, contract labor law, 44;
wage exemption law, 47, 48;
wage assignment law, 50; pay-
ment of damages to injured em-
ployees, 58; wage preference, 61;
Sunday rest law, 202; hours of
labor for women, 215; hours of
labor in textile mills, 236; regu-
lation of private employment
offices, 268; child labor, 307, 313;
safety, 324.
German Law Protection Society,
82.
Germany, wage payment law, 53;
fines from employees, 59; agri-
cultural credit, 67; emigration
from, 72; legal aid societies, 83;
industrial courts, 86-88, 131, 445;
statistics of strikes and lockouts,
125; mediation and arbitration,
131; coal mine accidents, 234,
339; night work of women, 248;
one day of rest in seven, 254;
private employment offices, 269;
public employment offices, 278-
280; Union of German Employ-
ment Offices, 278; hotels for
itinerant workers, 286; regulari-
zation of municipal work, 289;
maternity insurance, 319; lead
poisoning, 321, 326; occupational
discases, 322, 368; prohibition of
poisonous phosphorus, 325; an-
thrax, 336, 368; William I's mes-
sage on social insurance, 356, 363,
387; social insurance, 362-368,
376-378, 383, 387-397, 400-402,
413; mutual trade associations,
366; unemployment insurance,
409, 410; International Associa-
tion for Labor Legislation, 420;
representation of interests, 444,
445. See also Alsace-Lorraine,
Berlin, Bismarck, Bödeker, Nur-
emburg, Prussia, Rhine territory.
Ghent, International Exposition,
address by Léon Bourgeois, 414;
system of unemployment insur-
ance, 410.
Gilds, in relation to collective bar-
gaining, 91, 92; compared with
trade unions, 92, 93; methods of
production, 357; early health in-
surance, 386.
Glass industry, hours of labor, 201;
night work of children, 251; safety
regulations, 326, 327.
Gloucester, N. J., ten-hour strikes,
Glucose industry, hours of labor,
Goldmark, Josephine, briefs sup-
porting labor legislation, 223,
Good Hope, Cape of, one day of
rest in seven, 254. See also South
Africa.
Good will, as intangible property, 8,
95.
Goole, England, decasualization of
dockers, 293.
Government, may use force, 10, 11,
20, 21; as employer, 13; branches
of, 18-24; as interfering in wage
bargain, 29. See also Public em-
ployment,
"Granger laws" for railroad regu- Greece, wage payment law, 52;
Granite cutting industry, hours of
labor, 204.
Gray, Judge, on night work for
women, 424.
Great Britain, fair wage clauses in
contracts, 13; slave trade abol-
ished, 36; tool exemption laws,
49; wage payment laws, 53;
fines as deductions from wages,
58, 59; landlord and tenant law,
66; emigration from, 72; history
of collective bargaining, 93-95,
103, 122-124, 142; statistics of
strikes and lockouts, 125; history
of voluntary arbitration, 127-
131; board of trade, 128-131,
174, 186, 187, 192, 195, 280-282,
292; history of wage determina-
tion, 141, 142; public employ-
ment, 161; minimum wage, 172,
174-176, 180, 186, 187, 190-196;
National Anti-Sweating League,
174; coal mine accidents, 234,
339; night work of women, 248;
Saturday half-holiday, 252; pub-
lic employment offices, 279-283;
public work for unemployed, 285,
286, 289, 290; apprentices sent
to colonies, 305; children's em-
ployment certificates, 311; lead
poisoning, 321, 322, 333, 368;
prohibition of poisonous phos-
phorus, 325, 368; anthrax, 336,
368; exchequer court, 359; em-
ployers' liability, 359, 362; work-
men's compensation, 367, 368;
health insurance, 388-390, 392,
396; friendly societies, 392; ma-
ternity insurance, 393; old age
insurance, 399; old age pensions,
403, 404; government life in-
surance, 406; unemployment in-
surance, 410-414; trade union-
ists, 419; International Asso-
ciation for Labor Legislation,
420; industrial council, 445. See
also Goole, Ireland, Liverpool,
London, Macclesfield, Manches-
ter, Parliament, Scotland, Sun-
derland, Swansea, Wales.
Great Falls, Mont., municipal em-
ployment office, 270.
Great Lakes, unemployment on, 287.
emigration from, 72.
Greeley, Horace, on child labor
legislation, 205, 206.
Greenbackism, development of, 26.
Guardianship of state, how devel-
oped, 11, 12; differs from police
power, 14.
Habeas corpus, writ of, guaranteed
by constitution, 6, 21.
Hair goods industry, anthrax in,
303.
Hamilton, Alexander, indorses child
labor, 305.
Hawaiian Islands, contract labor,
42, 43; regular wage payment
law, 51; labor camps, 55; fines
from employees, 59; examination
and registration of horseshoers,
323; workmen's compensation,
369.
Head tax on immigrants, as prop-
erty qualification, 70.
Health, protected by immigration
legislation, 69; justifies regulation
of women's wages, 198; effect of
long hours, 201, 202; in relation
to women's work, 212, 214, 217,
218, 221-224, 317-319; a social
question, 295-297; protected by
internal revenue taxation, 326;
in relation to tenement house
manufacture, 336-338;
acter of legislation, 416.
Health insurance, in relation to oc-
cupational disease, 325, 380; his-
tory, 385-393; standards, 394-
397.
Heating, in factories, 332.
Herbergen, hotels for itinerant
workers, 286.
Herzegovina. See Bosnia.
Higgins, Justice, on minimum wage,
155, 156.
Holland. See Netherlands.
Hollow - ware industry, minimum
wage, 175.
Homestead laws, character, 3, 26;
purpose, 48, 49.
Homeworkers, included in health in-
surance, 388, 389. See also Tene-
ment house manufacture.
Hoquiam, Wash., municipal em-
ployment office, 270.
Horseshoers, examination and regis-
tration of, 323.
"Hotel Liberty," Seattle, 286.
Hotels, workers in, 54; child labor,
307.
Hours of labor, how regulated, 15;
early strikes, 26, 209, 210; legis-
lation on, 27, 204-260; statis-
tics, 200, 201; for men, 200-
202, 225-248, 252, 254, 258, 424,
425; for women, 202-204, 208-
224, 246-252, 255, 256, 259, 424,
428, 429, 437; in relation to
efficiency, 202, 203; in relation
to trade unions, 204; for children,
204-208, 211, 246, 248, 251, 252,
437; administration of laws regu-
lating, 216-220; constitutional-
ity, 220-246; character of legis-
lation on, 416.
Humanitarian stage of labor legis-
lation, 26.
Humidity, in factories, 332.
Hungary, night work for women,
248; workmen's compensation,
367; health insurance, 387, 389;
maternity insurance, 393; In-
ternational Association for Labor
Legislation, 420.
Ice industry, hours of labor, 200.
Iceland, health insurance, 387.
Idaho, wage exemption law, 48;
mechanics' liens and wage pref-
erence, 61; state loans to farmers,
67; conciliation and arbitration,
132; hours of labor for women,
215; employment offices, 269,
270; "right to work," 288;
women forbidden to work in
saloons, 318; no provision for
seats for salesgirls, 334.
Illinois, railroad employees' law, 45;
mechanics' liens and wage pref-
erence, 61; convict labor, 79;
picketing illegal, 110; concilia-
tion and arbitration, 132; hours
of labor in coal mines, 203; child
labor, 206-208, 312; hours of la-
bor for women, 213, 216, 222-224,
424, 428, 429; supreme court,
223, 333; eight-hour law, 229;
public employment offices, 270,
272-274, 293; occupational dis-
ease commission, 302, 341; oc-
cupational disease reporting, 303;
women forbidden to work in
mines, 318; lead poisoning, 322;
examination and registration of
horseshoers, 323; safety regula-
tions for mines, 324, 340; safety
regulations for factories, 329;
standards of humidity, 332; fac-
tory ventilation, 332, 333; tene-
ment house manufacture, 337;
workmen's compensation, 369;
agencies dealing with labor, 433;
decentralized administration of
labor law, chart, 435; industrial
commission bill, 436.
Immigration, in relation to com-
petition, 2, 69-77; protective
legislation on, 69, 70; increase in,
71; change in race composition,
71, 72, 343; proportion of skilled
to unskilled workers, 73; legal
aid, 85; American compared with
Australian, 144; supplies cheap
labor, 170.
Immigration Commission, 72, 421;
studies wages, 169.
Imprisonment for debt, 26, 31, 47.
Indentured service, characteristics,
3, 36, 41, 54; abolition demanded,
26; a form of induced immigra-
tion, 70.
India, night work of women, 249;
one day of rest in seven, 254.
Indiana, wage exemption law, 48;
wage assignment, 50; anti-truck
law, 56; deductions from wages
for benefits, 57; payment of bene-
fits to injured employees, 58;
fines from employees, 59; wage
preference, 61; state loans to
farmers, 67; convict labor, 79;
picketing lawful, 110; concilia-
tion and arbitration, 132; mini-
mum wage commission, 177;
hours of labor for children, 206,
207; women's daily hours unre-
stricted, 211, 216; night work of
women, 249; public employment
offices, 270; women forbidden to
work in mines, 318; safety regu-
lations for mines, 324; tenement
house manufacture, 337, 458;
railroad commission, 348, 349;
workmen's compensation, 369;
commission for safety and work-
men's compensation, 433.
Individualism, in constitutions, 19.
Induced immigration, as unfree
status, 3; laws against, 70-74;
effects, 73.
Industrial Commission, investigates
labor conditions, 421.
Industrial commissions, origin, 430-
433; functions, 436-438; meth-
ods, 439-443; compared with
legislative, 439; use cumulative
penalties, 455, 456.
Industrial congresses, investigate
labor conditions, 419.
Industrial courts, purpose, 86; his-
tory, 86, 87; methods, 87, 88,
167; imitated in England, 128.
Industrial education, effect on com-
petition, 68; Wisconsin regula-
tions, 438.
Industrial Relations Commission,
mentioned, 421.
Industry, character of modern, 1,
50, 295, 296.
Initiative and referendum, child
labor law enacted by, 308.
Injunctions against striking, 106;
in Clayton antitrust act, 112;
waning power of, 120.
Inspection, of child labor, 313-317;
of mines, 340; of railroads, 346;
old theory of, 349, 350; new
methods, 351-353, 457-462; par-
tisanship in appointments, 450-
452.
Insurance, in relation to work ac-
cidents, 31; in relation to em-
ployers' liability, 33; furnished
by corporations, 58; principle of,
354; in relation to workmen's
compensation, 365-367, 382-385;
in administration of labor legis-
lation, 462-464; voluntary life,
406, 407. See also Social insur-
ance, Workmen's compensation.
International Association for Labor
Legislation, investigates continu-
ous industries, 201; treaty on
night work for women, 248, 249;
advocates Saturday half-holiday,
253; obtains prohibition of poi-
sonous phosphorus, 325; how
organized, 419–421.
International Conference on Un-
employment, recommendations,
290.
International Workingmen's Asso-
ciation, 26, 419.
Interstate commerce, in relation to
convict labor, 78-80; in relation
to child labor, 208; in relation
to workmen's compensation, 370.
Interstate commerce commission,
134, 135, 433, 440; in relation
to railroad employees, 232, 344.
345; place in governmental sys-
tem, 448.
Interurban railroads, safety regu-
lations, 346.
Invalidity insurance.
insurance.
Investigation, in relation to admin-
istration, 23, 24, 415, 416; in
relation to judiciary, 27, 422-
430; in voluntary arbitration,
126; compulsory, 126, 127; in
relation to executive, 419-422;
in relation to industrial commis-
sions, 430-464; procedure, 439,
440; character, 443.
Iowa, law relating to insurance
benefits and employers' liability,
33; wage exemption law, 48; wage
payment law, 52; anti-truck law,
56; deductions from wages for
benefits, 57; payment of bene-
fits to injured employees, 58;
wage preference, 61; state loans
to farmers, 67; convict labor, 79;
conciliation and arbitration, 133;
child labor, 206, 309, 311; no
limitation of women's hours, 211,
216; public employment offices,
270; accident reporting, 300;
women forbidden to work in
saloons, 318; safety regulations
for mines, 324; workmen's com-
pensation, 369; commission for
safety and workmen's compensa-
tion, 433.
Ireland, land system, 67, 68; land
commission, 68; emigration from,
72; statistics of strikes and lock-
outs, 125; employment offices, 282.
Irish textile workers in Massa-
chusetts, 271.
Iron industry, hours of labor, 201;
unemployment insurance, 411.
Italians, padrone system among, 46.
Italy, agricultural credits, 67; emi-
gration from, 72; industrial courts
86, 445; statistics of strikes and
lockouts, 125; mediation and ar-
bitration, 131; cooperative con-
tracts, 166; night work of women,
248; one day of rest in seven,
254; prohibition of poisonous
phosphorus, 325; anthrax, 336;
workmen's compensation, 367;
maternity insurance, 393; old age
insurance, 399; government em-
ployees' pensions, 404; govern-
ment life insurance, 406; unem-
ployment insurance, 410; Inter-
national Association for Labor
Legislation, 420; representation
of interests, 444, 445; superior
council of labor, 444.
Japan, coal mine accidents, 234, 339;
workmen's compensation, 367.
Japanese, exclusion of. See Orien-
tals, exclusion of.
Judiciary, in relation to police pow-
er, 17; in relation to legislative,
18-20; interprets laws and con-
stitutions, 19, 20; authority, 22,
23; guided by opinions, 23, 25,
28; changing opinions on labor,
25-28; in relation to investiga-
tion, 27, 422-430; considers
labor legislation class legislation,
29; uses theory of reasonable
classification, 30, 31; enforces
laws on deductions from wages,
57, 58; defines “cropper," 64; in
relation to agricultural labor law,
67, 68; in relation to contract
labor law, 71-73; inadequacy to
secure laborers' rights, 80, 81;
treatment of collective bargain-
ing, 93-115. See also Constitu-
tionality.
Jury trial. See Trial by jury.
Kansas, constitution, 6; railway
employees' law, 45; wage pref-
erence, 61; minimum wage, 188,
189; hours of labor for children,
206; hours of labor for women,
216, 218; eight-hour day, 228,
237, 238; employment agencies,
266, 270; child labor regulation,
305; workmen's compensation,
369.
Kansas City, Mo., municipal legal
aid bureau, 83; municipal em-
ployment office, 270.
Kentucky, abolishes imprisonment
for debt, 47; anti-truck law, 56;
child labor, 206, 309, 313; hours
of labor for women, 215; public
employment offices, 270; safety
regulations for mines, 324; seats
for women, 334, 335; work-
men's compensation, 370; com-
mission for safety and workmen's
compensation, 433.
Kettle, Sir Rupert, on voluntary
arbitration, 127.
King, as parens patriæ, 11, 12.
Knights of Labor, oppose contract
labor, 71; indorse eight-hour
movement, 229; oppose child
labor, 306; investigate labor
conditions, 419.
Labor contract, characteristics, I,
2, 4, 116; in relation to politics,
4, 5; in relation to liberty and
property, 7-10; in relation to
equality, 9; restrictions on, 27;
specific performance, 32; in re-
lation to industrial courts, 87.
Labor exchanges act of 1909 (Eng-
land), 279-283.
Labor legislation, relation to labor
contract, 2, 10; relation to tax-
ing power, 11, 15; relation to
police power, 13-18; stages, 25-
28; considered as class legisla-
tion, 28-30; aims at equality,
36; relation to agriculture, 62,
65-68; relation to competition,
68-80; exemptions from, 216,
217, 224, 307, 308; enforcement,
298, 299, 415, 417-419, 454-462;
solidarism in, 463, 464. See also
Administration, Constitutional-
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