California, Pacific railroad, 3, 344; wage payment law, 53, 84, 85, 89; sanitary requirements for labor camps, 55, 458; payment of benefits to injured employees, 58; mechanics' liens and wage preference, 61; opposes Chinese immigration, 74, 75;
labor, 79; legalizes strike and boycott, 100, 106, 107; picketing illegal, 100; conciliation and ar- bitration, 133, 160; minimum wage, 177, 178, 180, 189; child labor, 206, 312; hours of labor for women, 215, 218, 223, 224; eight-hour day, 228, 229; day of rest in seven, 254; vaca- tions for public employees, 258; regulation of private employ- ment offices, 267, 268; public em- ployment offices, 270, 460; ac- cident reporting, 300; occupa- tional disease reporting, 303, 304; factory ventilation and sanita- tion, 333, 336; seats for women, 334; workmen's compensation, 369, 381, 382; commission for safety and workmen's compen- sation, 433. See also Alameda, Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Francisco.
Calumet copper strike, 137. Canada, head tax on Chinese, 70, 75, 76; excludes Japanese and Hindus, 76; industrial disputes investigation act, 127, 140, 141, 143, 147, 150, 159, 160; collec- tive bargaining, 142, 156; ar- bitration, 158; Bell Telephone Co. industrial dispute, 217; one day of rest in seven, 254; Trades and Labour Congress, 268; em- ployment offices, 268; prohibi- tion of poisonous phosphorus, 325, 326; old age insurance, 399, 405; government life insurance, 406. See also New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec. Canadians, French, in Massachu- setts textile industry, 211. Canal companies, charters granted to, 92.
Canneries, hours of labor, 218,
224; enforcement of labor laws, 458.
Cardiff, Wales, decasualization of ship-repairers, 293. Carlyle, on cash nexus, 53. Casual laborers, in Census, 62; decasualization, 292, 293; ex- cluded from workmen's com- pensation_legislation, 379; in- cluded in British health insurance law, 389.
Cement industry, hours of labor,
Chain industry, minimum wage, 175, 180, 191.
Chase, Justice, on slavery, 36. Chauffeurs, examination and regis- tration of, 323.
Chemical industry, hours of labor, 200, 201.
Chicago, cooperage industry and convict labor, 78; Pullman strike, 134; milk wagon drivers' union, 258; private employment agen- cies, 266.
Child labor, competitive character, 2, 68; in indentured service, 41; in agriculture, 62; in relation to compulsory arbitration, 157; minimum wage, 178, 180, 184, 186, 189, 437; hours of labor, 204- 208, 211, 246, 248, 251, 252; in relation to contract, 208; in re- lation to interstate commerce, 208; age requirements, 305-310; in relation to tenement house manufacture, 336; safety regu- lations, 437.
Child labor legislation, justified by guardianship power of state, 12; in relation to commerce and police powers, 15; problems of enforce- ment, 307-317; character, 416; cumulative penalties, 455. Chile, one day of rest in seven, 254.
Chinese, as strike breakers, 3; in
Canada, 70; in Australia, 173; in relation to minimum wage, 190. Chinese exclusion laws. See Orien- tals, exclusion of.
Cigar Makers' Union, unemploy- ment benefits, 409. Cigarmaking, hours of labor, 204; in tenement workshops, 337.
Citizenship stage of labor legisla- tion, 26.
Civil War, mentioned, 3, 5, 26, 37,
Class legislation, labor legislation considered as, 27-30.
Class struggle in labor legislation, 26, 449, 464.
Civil service, in relation to adminis- tration of labor laws, 450-454. Clayton antitrust act, 96, 112. Clerical employment, minimum wage, 173; Saturday half-holiday, 252; social insurance, 388, 389. Cleveland, O., conciliation court, 89; hours on street railroads, 234. Cleveland, President, vetoes literacy test, 76.
Closed shop, legality of demand, 98, 106, 113; in relation to damage suits, 107; in New Zealand, 148, in public employment, 165. See also Collective bargaining, Open shop, Trade unions, Union pref-
Clothing industry, minimum wage, 173-175, 190–192. Coal mines. See Mining. Coal screening laws, 53, 428. Coke-works, hours of labor, 200. Collective bargaining, in relation to labor contract, 2; history, 91– 124; as restricting liberty, 91, 92; as conspiracy, 91, 93-101; by capital, 92, 93; by labor, 93- 124, 115-120; true kind of, 112, 119, 120; legal discrimination, 112-116; in relation to minimum wage, 167, 169, 170; representa- tion of interests, 447. See also Closed shop, Open shop, Trade unions, Union preference. Colonial stage of labor legislation, 25, 26.
Colorado, anti-truck laws, 55, 56; payment of benefits to injured employees, 58; mechanics' liens and wage preference, 61; picket- ing illegal, 110; compulsory ar- bitration, 127, 140, 143, 160; coal strike, 137; minimum wage, 183, 187, 189; child labor, 206, 309, 312; hours of labor for women, 215; hours of labor for miners, 240, 241, 423, 424; reg-
ulation of private employment offices, 267, 460; public employ- ment offices, 270; women forbid- den to work in mines, 318; safety regulations, 324, 334; workmen's compensation, 369, 376; indus- trial commission, 436; cumulative penalty provisions, 456. Commerce, regulated by govern- ment, 15.
Commerce court, 135.
Commerce power, how used, 15; indefinite character, 16. Commission plan as applied to safety, 330, 351-353, 433, 436; place in governmental system, 448. See also Industrial com- missions, Railroad commission laws.
Commutation of service, 37. Company houses, as medium of payment, 55.
Company stores, in relation to peon- age, 39; character of legislation on, 55, 56, 416. Competition, in relation to labor legislation, 2, 68-80, 445; of women and children, 2, 68, 170; of immigrants, 2, 69-77, 170; of convicts, 2, 77-80; in relation to doctrine of conspiracy, 99; in relation to minimum wage, 170, 171.
Compressed air work, health regu-
lations for, 303, 320, 322, 335, 341, 342; included under work- men's compensation, 368, 380, 381. Comstock silver mines, conditions in, 235.
Conciliation, defined, 125, 126;
board of mediation and, 136, 137. Conciliation act of 1867 (England), 88; of 1896 (England), 128. Confectionery industry, minimum wage, 175, 182, 195; rest periods, 247.
Congress, in relation to constitu- tion, 6, 22, 23; in relation to police power, 17; in relation to thirteenth amendment, 38; in relation to contract labor laws, 44, 71, 79, 80; treatment of sea- men, 44, 45, 343, 344: railway- men, 45, 344, 345, 348; literacy
test, 76, 77; postal employees, 162; minimum wage bills, 178; hours of labor, 226, 238-240; Poisonous phosphorus prohibi- tion, 296, 326; child labor bill, 317; establishes Bureau of Mines, 340; health and safety legislation, 349; workmen's compensation, 369, 370; represented on Indus- trial Commission, 421; organized labor and capital in, 451. See also Legislative. Connecticut, anti-truck law, 56; fines from employees, 59; wage preference, 61; decisions on strikes, 105; conciliation and ar- bitration, 131, 133; minimum wage commission, 177; child labor, 205, 206, 306, 308; hours of labor for women, 215, 252; night work of women, 249, 250; one day of rest in seven, 254; public employment offices, 270; occupational disease reporting, 303, 304; women forbidden to work in saloons, 318; childbirth protection of women, 319; health and safety, 323, 342, 433; fac- tory lighting, 331; tenement house manufacture, 337; work- men's compensation, 369, 433. Conspiracy, collective bargaining treated as, 91, 93-101, 158; com- mon law doctrine, 97; modifica- tions, 98-101; not affected by Clayton antitrust act, 112; in England, 122. See also Collec- tive bargaining, Trade unions. Constitution, guarantees natural rights, 6; in relation to Congress, 6, 22, 23; thirteenth amendment, 3, 4, 32, 37, 38, 70, 103, 158; fourteenth amendment, 6, 7, 22, 38, 222, 223, 253, 256, 272, 370. See also State constitutions. Constitutionality of laws, how de- termined, 19, 24, 25, 27, 416, 422-430, 456-458; of labor laws, 30, 31, 51, 53; of compulsory arbitration laws, 158; of mini- mum wage laws, 196-199; of laws regulating hours of labor, 220-225, 237-245, 253, 256-258; of laws relating to employment offices, 268, 272; of laws requir-
ing examination and registration of workers, 323; of workmen's compensation laws, 368-371. Consumers' League, obtains half- holiday for salesgirls, 252; in- vestigates labor conditions, 419; publishes L. D. Brandeis' brief in Mueller v. Oregon, 426. Contagious disease, as reason for excluding immigrants, 69; as reason for exclusion from certain occupations, 323.
Continuous industries, hours of la- bor, 225, 231, 253, 255, 258. Contract, in relation to intangi- ble property, I, 95; interference with, 6, 31, 51, 52, 221-224, 237, 246; development, 36; croppers', 64, 65; in relation to labor dis- putes, 109.
Contract labor, servile characteris- tics, 36; in relation to peonage,
Contract labor, alien. See Induced immigration.
Contractors' liens, 60, 61; for gov- ernment supplies, 226, 228. Contributory negligence, 13, 14, 230, 360, 361, 372; in relation to child labor legislation, 309. See also Employers' liability, Work- men's compensation.
Convict labor, in relation to labor contract, 2; numbers involved, 77; industries affected, 77-79; in relation to interstate com- merce, 78-80; legislation on, 79, 80. Copenhagen, employment office, 279. Corporations, own towns, 56; fur- nish insurance, 58; historical de- velopment, 93; have legal per- sonality, 98; distinguished from trade unions, 116, 117. Court procedure, in administration of workmen's compensation laws, 381.
Courts. See Damage suits, Ju- diciary.
Craft gilds. See Gilds. Crédit Foncier, system of agricul- tural credit, 67. Criminals, forbidden to enter United States, 69.
Croppers, agricultural labor-ten- ants, 63-66.
Dallas, Tex., hours on street rail- roads, 234. Damage suits, in relation to closed shop strikes, 107; influence on trade unionism, 120-122; in English trade union law, 123, 124. Dayton, Judge, decision on United Mine Workers, 103. Debt, imprisonment for. See Im- prisonment for debt. Declaration of Independence, equal- ity clause, 5, 6. Delaware, railroad employees' law, 45; wage preference, 61; hours of labor for women, 215, 216, 252; child labor, 309; seats for women, 335; enforcement of labor laws, 458.
Democracy, in relation to represen-
tation of interests, 188. Denmark, legal aid, 83; mediation and arbitration, 131; night work of women, 248; one day of rest in seven, 254; employment offices 279, 443, 450; prohibition of poisonous phosphorus, 325; work- men's compensation, 367; health insurance, 387; old age pensions, 403; unemployment insurance, 410; International Association for Labor Legislation, 420. See also Copenhagen.
Detroit, Mich., hours on street rail- roads, 234; Employers' Associa- tion, 310.
Development act of 1909 (England), 289, 290.
Dickson, William B., on hours of steel workers, 202. Diminishing returns, law of, in re- lation to industrial fatigue, 202, 203.
Discharge, employers' right to, 112- 115.
District of Columbia, wage exemp- tion law, 48; proposed minimum wage law, 178; child labor, 206, 309; hours of labor for women, 215; hours of labor on public works, 226; hours of labor for
railwaymen, 231; regulation of employment offices, 267; licens- ing of plumbers, 323; of station- ary engineers, 324. See also Washington, D. Č.
Dockers, minimum wage, 182; de- casualization, 292, 293.
Domestic service, characteristics, 54; excluded from hour legisla- tion, 212, 224; from child labor legislation, 308; from workmen's compensation legislation, 379. Dover, N. H., agitation for shorter hours, 209.
Dredging, hours of labor, 227. Dressing-1ooms, legislation provid- ing, 334, 335, 341.
Due process of law, guaranteed by constitution, 6; meaning of, 9- 34; in relation to investigation, 439, 443, 446.
Duluth, Minn., regularization of public work, 287.
Dust, as cause of occupational dis- ease, 303.
Eastern Labor Clearing House, 275° Education, in relation to labor con- tract, 2; in relation to taxation, II; demand for, 26; in relation to padrone system, 47; in relation to competition, 68; in relation to child labor, 312-317. See also Industrial education, Vocational guidance.
Education (choice of employment) act, 1910 (England), 281, 282. Efficiency, how affected by mini-
mum wage, 195, 196; by hours of labor, 202, 203. Eight-hour day, in Australasia, 144; in United States, 200; in con- tinuous industries, 201, 203; for children, 206–208; in public em- ployment, 226-228, 237; early agitation for, 229; in mines and smelters, 230, 235; for railroad employees, 231; in factories and workshops, 236; constitution- ality, 237-243, 423, 424. Electrical industry, accidents in, 300, 301; examinations and li censes, 323.
Elevator operators, examination and registration of, 323. Embroidery industry, minimum
Emergency work, as relief for un- employment, 284-286. Eminent domain, defined, 12, 13; differs from police power, 14. Employer and employee law, 31, 32, 36. Employers' advances, 39, 43. Employers' associations, as controll- ing legislature, 24; deal with wage bargain, 93, 118; check abuses of trade unionism, 118, 120; in English law, 122-124; employ- ment offices of, 265, 266, 278; in relation to representation of in- terests, 442-445. Employers' liability laws, 31, 358- 362; in relation to payment of benefits, 58; in relation to safety, 327, 358; character of, 417. See also Assumption of risk, Con- tributory negligence, Fellow ser- vant rule.
Employment, methods of finding, 264-284; regularization of, 290- 294.
Employment agencies, misrepre- sentation by, 39, 266. Employment certificates for work- ing children, 307, 311-317. Employment offices, in relation to padrone system, 47; private, 265- 269, 435; state and municipal, 270-276; federal activities, 277, 278; national systems, 278-283, 293, 294; for juveniles, 281, 282; licenses for, 458; in rela- tion to unemployment insurance, 413.
Enforcement of labor laws. See
Labor legislation, Enforcement. Engineers, hours of labor, 231. England. See Great Britain. Epileptics, forbidden to enter
United States, 69.
Equality, in relation to labor con-
tract, 9; before the law, 28-34. Erdman act, working of, 133-135. Europe, humanitarian movement in, 26; war in, 279, 283. Everett, Wash., municipal employ- ment office, 270.
Florida, vagrancy law, 39, 40; con- tract labor law, 44; payment of benefits to injured employees, 58; no limitation of women's hours, 211, 216; child labor, 309, 313. France, abolishes colonial slavery, 37; wage payment law, 52, 53; anti-truck law, 56; fines from em- ployees, 59; wage preference, 61; agricultural credit, 67; industrial courts, 86-88, 445; strikes and lockouts, 125, 161, 162; media- tion and arbitration, 131; public employment, 161, 163, 164; co- operative contracts, 166; coal mine accidents, 234, 235, 339; night work of women, 248, 249; one day of rest in seven, 254; employment offices, 269; public employment as relief for unem-
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