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California, Pacific railroad, 3, 344;
wage payment law, 53, 84, 85,
89; sanitary requirements for
labor camps, 55, 458; payment
of benefits to injured employees,
58; mechanics' liens and wage
preference, 61; opposes Chinese
immigration, 74, 75;

convict

one

labor, 79; legalizes strike and
boycott, 100, 106, 107; picketing
illegal, 100; conciliation and ar-
bitration, 133, 160; minimum
wage, 177, 178, 180, 189; child
labor, 206, 312; hours of labor
for women, 215, 218, 223, 224;
eight-hour day, 228, 229;
day of rest in seven, 254; vaca-
tions for public employees, 258;
regulation of private employ-
ment offices, 267, 268; public em-
ployment offices, 270, 460; ac-
cident reporting, 300; occupa-
tional disease reporting, 303, 304;
factory ventilation and sanita-
tion, 333, 336; seats for women,
334; workmen's compensation,
369, 381, 382; commission for
safety and workmen's compen-
sation, 433. See also Alameda,
Los Angeles, Sacramento, San
Francisco.

Calumet copper strike, 137.
Canada, head tax on Chinese, 70,
75, 76; excludes Japanese and
Hindus, 76; industrial disputes
investigation act, 127, 140, 141,
143, 147, 150, 159, 160; collec-
tive bargaining, 142, 156; ar-
bitration, 158; Bell Telephone
Co. industrial dispute, 217; one
day of rest in seven, 254; Trades
and Labour Congress, 268; em-
ployment offices, 268; prohibi-
tion of poisonous phosphorus,
325, 326; old age insurance, 399,
405; government life insurance,
406. See also New Brunswick,
Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec.
Canadians, French, in Massachu-
setts textile industry, 211.
Canal companies, charters granted
to, 92.

Canneries, hours of labor, 218,

224; enforcement of labor laws,
458.

Cardiff, Wales, decasualization of
ship-repairers, 293.
Carlyle, on cash nexus, 53.
Casual laborers, in Census, 62;
decasualization, 292, 293; ex-
cluded from workmen's com-
pensation_legislation, 379; in-
cluded in British health insurance
law, 389.

Cement industry, hours of labor,

200.

Chain industry, minimum wage, 175,
180, 191.

Chase, Justice, on slavery, 36.
Chauffeurs, examination and regis-
tration of, 323.

Chemical industry, hours of labor,
200, 201.

Chicago, cooperage industry and
convict labor, 78; Pullman strike,
134; milk wagon drivers' union,
258; private employment agen-
cies, 266.

Child labor, competitive character,
2, 68; in indentured service, 41;
in agriculture, 62; in relation to
compulsory arbitration,
157;
minimum wage, 178, 180, 184,
186, 189, 437; hours of labor, 204-
208, 211, 246, 248, 251, 252; in
relation to contract, 208; in re-
lation to interstate commerce,
208; age requirements, 305-310;
in relation to tenement house
manufacture, 336; safety regu-
lations, 437.

Child labor legislation, justified by
guardianship power of state, 12;
in relation to commerce and police
powers, 15; problems of enforce-
ment, 307-317; character, 416;
cumulative penalties, 455.
Chile, one day of rest in seven,
254.

Chinese, as strike breakers, 3; in

Canada, 70; in Australia, 173;
in relation to minimum wage, 190.
Chinese exclusion laws. See Orien-
tals, exclusion of.

Cigar Makers' Union, unemploy-
ment benefits, 409.
Cigarmaking, hours of labor, 204;
in tenement workshops, 337.

Citizenship stage of labor legisla-
tion, 26.

Civil War, mentioned, 3, 5, 26, 37,

205, 210, 229.

Class legislation, labor legislation
considered as, 27-30.

Class struggle in labor legislation,
26, 449, 464.

Civil service, in relation to adminis-
tration of labor laws, 450-454.
Clayton antitrust act, 96, 112.
Clerical employment, minimum
wage, 173; Saturday half-holiday,
252; social insurance, 388, 389.
Cleveland, O., conciliation court,
89; hours on street railroads, 234.
Cleveland, President, vetoes literacy
test, 76.

Closed shop, legality of demand, 98,
106, 113; in relation to damage
suits, 107; in New Zealand, 148,
in public employment, 165. See
also Collective bargaining, Open
shop, Trade unions, Union pref-

erence.

Clothing industry, minimum wage,
173-175, 190–192.
Coal mines. See Mining.
Coal screening laws, 53, 428.
Coke-works, hours of labor, 200.
Collective bargaining, in relation to
labor contract, 2; history, 91–
124; as restricting liberty, 91,
92;
as conspiracy, 91, 93-101;
by capital, 92, 93; by labor, 93-
124, 115-120; true kind of, 112,
119, 120; legal discrimination,
112-116; in relation to minimum
wage, 167, 169, 170; representa-
tion of interests, 447. See also
Closed shop, Open shop, Trade
unions, Union preference.
Colonial stage of labor legislation,
25, 26.

Colorado, anti-truck laws, 55, 56;
payment of benefits to injured
employees, 58; mechanics' liens
and wage preference, 61; picket-
ing illegal, 110; compulsory ar-
bitration, 127, 140, 143, 160;
coal strike, 137; minimum wage,
183, 187, 189; child labor, 206,
309, 312; hours of labor for
women, 215; hours of labor for
miners, 240, 241, 423, 424; reg-

ulation of private employment
offices, 267, 460; public employ-
ment offices, 270; women forbid-
den to work in mines, 318; safety
regulations, 324, 334; workmen's
compensation, 369, 376; indus-
trial commission, 436; cumulative
penalty provisions, 456.
Commerce, regulated by govern-
ment, 15.

Commerce court, 135.

Commerce power, how used, 15;
indefinite character, 16.
Commission plan as applied to
safety, 330, 351-353, 433, 436;
place in governmental system,
448. See also Industrial com-
missions, Railroad commission
laws.

Commutation of service, 37.
Company houses, as medium of
payment, 55.

Company stores, in relation to peon-
age, 39; character of legislation
on, 55, 56, 416.
Competition, in relation to labor
legislation, 2, 68-80, 445; of
women and children, 2, 68, 170;
of immigrants, 2, 69-77, 170; of
convicts, 2, 77-80; in relation to
doctrine of conspiracy, 99; in
relation to minimum wage, 170,
171.

Compressed air work, health regu-

lations for, 303, 320, 322, 335,
341, 342; included under work-
men's compensation, 368, 380,
381.
Comstock silver mines, conditions
in, 235.

Conciliation, defined, 125, 126;

board of mediation and, 136, 137.
Conciliation act of 1867 (England),
88; of 1896 (England), 128.
Confectionery industry, minimum
wage, 175, 182, 195; rest periods,
247.

Congress, in relation to constitu-
tion, 6, 22, 23; in relation to
police power, 17; in relation to
thirteenth amendment, 38; in
relation to contract labor laws,
44, 71, 79, 80; treatment of sea-
men, 44, 45, 343, 344: railway-
men, 45, 344, 345, 348; literacy

test, 76, 77; postal employees,
162; minimum wage bills, 178;
hours of labor, 226, 238-240;
Poisonous phosphorus prohibi-
tion, 296, 326; child labor bill,
317; establishes Bureau of Mines,
340; health and safety legislation,
349; workmen's compensation,
369, 370; represented on Indus-
trial Commission, 421; organized
labor and capital in, 451. See
also Legislative.
Connecticut, anti-truck law, 56;
fines from employees, 59; wage
preference, 61; decisions on
strikes, 105; conciliation and ar-
bitration, 131, 133; minimum
wage commission, 177; child
labor, 205, 206, 306, 308; hours
of labor for women, 215, 252;
night work of women, 249, 250;
one day of rest in seven, 254;
public employment offices, 270;
occupational disease reporting,
303, 304; women forbidden to
work in saloons, 318; childbirth
protection of women, 319; health
and safety, 323, 342, 433; fac-
tory lighting, 331; tenement
house manufacture, 337; work-
men's compensation, 369, 433.
Conspiracy, collective bargaining
treated as, 91, 93-101, 158; com-
mon law doctrine, 97; modifica-
tions, 98-101; not affected by
Clayton antitrust act, 112; in
England, 122. See also Collec-
tive bargaining, Trade unions.
Constitution, guarantees natural
rights, 6; in relation to Congress,
6, 22, 23; thirteenth amendment,
3, 4, 32, 37, 38, 70, 103, 158;
fourteenth amendment, 6, 7, 22,
38, 222, 223, 253, 256, 272, 370.
See also State constitutions.
Constitutionality of laws, how de-
termined, 19, 24, 25, 27, 416,
422-430, 456-458; of labor laws,
30, 31, 51, 53; of compulsory
arbitration laws, 158; of mini-
mum wage laws, 196-199; of
laws regulating hours of labor,
220-225, 237-245, 253, 256-258;
of laws relating to employment
offices, 268, 272; of laws requir-

ing examination and registration
of workers, 323; of workmen's
compensation laws, 368-371.
Consumers' League, obtains half-
holiday for salesgirls, 252; in-
vestigates labor conditions, 419;
publishes L. D. Brandeis' brief
in Mueller v. Oregon, 426.
Contagious disease, as reason for
excluding immigrants, 69; as
reason for exclusion from certain
occupations, 323.

Continuous industries, hours of la-
bor, 225, 231, 253, 255, 258.
Contract, in relation to intangi-
ble property, I, 95; interference
with, 6, 31, 51, 52, 221-224, 237,
246; development, 36; croppers',
64, 65; in relation to labor dis-
putes, 109.

Contract labor, servile characteris-
tics, 36; in relation to peonage,

42.

Contract labor, alien. See Induced
immigration.

Contractors' liens, 60, 61; for gov-
ernment supplies, 226, 228.
Contributory negligence, 13, 14,
230, 360, 361, 372; in relation to
child labor legislation, 309. See
also Employers' liability, Work-
men's compensation.

Convict labor, in relation to labor
contract, 2; numbers involved,
77; industries affected, 77-79;
in relation to interstate com-
merce, 78-80; legislation on, 79,
80.
Copenhagen, employment office,
279.
Corporations, own towns, 56; fur-
nish insurance, 58; historical de-
velopment, 93; have legal per-
sonality, 98; distinguished from
trade unions, 116, 117.
Court procedure, in administration
of workmen's compensation laws,
381.

Courts. See Damage suits, Ju-
diciary.

Craft gilds. See Gilds.
Crédit Foncier, system of agricul-
tural credit, 67.
Criminals, forbidden to enter United
States, 69.

Croppers, agricultural labor-ten-
ants, 63-66.

D

Dallas, Tex., hours on street rail-
roads, 234.
Damage suits, in relation to closed
shop strikes, 107; influence on
trade unionism, 120-122; in
English trade union law, 123, 124.
Dayton, Judge, decision on United
Mine Workers, 103.
Debt, imprisonment for. See Im-
prisonment for debt.
Declaration of Independence, equal-
ity clause, 5, 6.
Delaware, railroad employees' law,
45; wage preference, 61; hours
of labor for women, 215, 216, 252;
child labor, 309; seats for women,
335; enforcement of labor laws,
458.

Democracy, in relation to represen-

tation of interests, 188.
Denmark, legal aid, 83; mediation
and arbitration, 131; night work
of women, 248; one day of rest
in seven, 254; employment offices
279, 443, 450; prohibition of
poisonous phosphorus, 325; work-
men's compensation, 367; health
insurance, 387; old age pensions,
403; unemployment insurance,
410; International Association
for Labor Legislation, 420. See
also Copenhagen.

Detroit, Mich., hours on street rail-
roads, 234; Employers' Associa-
tion, 310.

Development act of 1909 (England),
289, 290.

Dickson, William B., on hours of
steel workers, 202.
Diminishing returns, law of, in re-
lation to industrial fatigue, 202,
203.

Discharge, employers' right to, 112-
115.

District of Columbia, wage exemp-
tion law, 48; proposed minimum
wage law, 178; child labor, 206,
309; hours of labor for women,
215; hours of labor on public
works, 226; hours of labor for

railwaymen, 231; regulation of
employment offices, 267; licens-
ing of plumbers, 323; of station-
ary engineers, 324. See also
Washington, D. Č.

Dockers, minimum wage, 182; de-
casualization, 292, 293.

Domestic service, characteristics,
54; excluded from hour legisla-
tion, 212, 224; from child labor
legislation, 308; from workmen's
compensation legislation, 379.
Dover, N. H., agitation for shorter
hours, 209.

Dredging, hours of labor, 227.
Dressing-1ooms, legislation provid-
ing, 334, 335, 341.

Due process of law, guaranteed by
constitution, 6; meaning of, 9-
34; in relation to investigation,
439, 443, 446.

Duluth, Minn., regularization of
public work, 287.

Dust, as cause of occupational dis-
ease, 303.

E

Eastern Labor Clearing House, 275°
Education, in relation to labor con-
tract, 2; in relation to taxation,
II; demand for, 26; in relation
to padrone system, 47; in relation
to competition, 68; in relation
to child labor, 312-317. See also
Industrial education, Vocational
guidance.

Education (choice of employment)
act, 1910 (England), 281, 282.
Efficiency, how affected by mini-

mum wage, 195, 196; by hours
of labor, 202, 203.
Eight-hour day, in Australasia, 144;
in United States, 200; in con-
tinuous industries, 201, 203; for
children, 206–208; in public em-
ployment, 226-228, 237; early
agitation for, 229; in mines and
smelters, 230, 235; for railroad
employees, 231; in factories and
workshops, 236; constitution-
ality, 237-243, 423, 424.
Electrical industry, accidents in,
300, 301; examinations and li
censes, 323.

Elevator operators, examination
and registration of, 323.
Embroidery industry, minimum

wage, 175.

Emergency work, as relief for un-
employment, 284-286.
Eminent domain, defined, 12, 13;
differs from police power, 14.
Employer and employee law, 31, 32,
36.
Employers' advances, 39, 43.
Employers' associations, as controll-
ing legislature, 24; deal with wage
bargain, 93, 118; check abuses
of trade unionism, 118, 120; in
English law, 122-124; employ-
ment offices of, 265, 266, 278; in
relation to representation of in-
terests, 442-445.
Employers' liability laws, 31, 358-
362; in relation to payment of
benefits, 58; in relation to safety,
327, 358; character of, 417. See
also Assumption of risk, Con-
tributory negligence, Fellow ser-
vant rule.

Employment, methods of finding,
264-284; regularization of, 290-
294.

Employment agencies, misrepre-
sentation by, 39, 266.
Employment certificates for work-
ing children, 307, 311-317.
Employment offices, in relation to
padrone system, 47; private, 265-
269, 435; state and municipal,
270-276; federal activities, 277,
278; national systems, 278-283,
293, 294; for juveniles, 281,
282; licenses for, 458; in rela-
tion to unemployment insurance,
413.

Enforcement of labor laws. See

Labor legislation, Enforcement.
Engineers, hours of labor, 231.
England. See Great Britain.
Epileptics, forbidden to enter

United States, 69.

Equality, in relation to labor con-

tract, 9; before the law, 28-34.
Erdman act, working of, 133-135.
Europe, humanitarian movement
in, 26; war in, 279, 283.
Everett, Wash., municipal employ-
ment office, 270.

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Florida, vagrancy law, 39, 40; con-
tract labor law, 44; payment of
benefits to injured employees, 58;
no limitation of women's hours,
211, 216; child labor, 309, 313.
France, abolishes colonial slavery,
37; wage payment law, 52, 53;
anti-truck law, 56; fines from em-
ployees, 59; wage preference, 61;
agricultural credit, 67; industrial
courts, 86-88, 445; strikes and
lockouts, 125, 161, 162; media-
tion and arbitration, 131; public
employment, 161, 163, 164; co-
operative contracts, 166; coal
mine accidents, 234, 235, 339;
night work of women, 248, 249;
one day of rest in seven, 254;
employment offices, 269; public
employment as relief for unem-

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