of the mental life and occurs where two elements, or systems of elements, are out of harmony with each other" (p. 22). By the critical analysis of forty sample cases, taken from a great mass of accumulated data, he shows how criminal careers, unaccounted for by either hereditary defect or bad environmental circumstances, find their explanation in some mental experience which has created conflicts within an otherwise fairly normal personality and resulted in impulses to criminality beyond the control of the individual. This is the first rational explanation of that class of cases where the criminal confesses to impulses which he cannot explain. He establishes the value of psycho-analysis as a genuine scientific procedure. The work is thoroughly scientific and of absorbing interest to all who are handling misconduct problems, especially those of adolescent children. J. P. L.
MCCORD, CHAS. H. The American Negro as a Dependent, Defective and Delinquent. Pp. 342. Price, $2.00. Atlanta: Social Service Book Company, 1916. This is a welcome addition to the literature dealing with the great topic of race relationships. Written by a southerner, it will carry greater weight in many quarters than if it were prepared by a resident elsewhere. In it the author gives a sketch of the Negro in Africa and the changes caused by the transfer to America. He then calls attention to the darker side of later developments, taking his evidence from the Census and other recognized authorities. It is thus largely a compilation rather than an original study. To the writer the Negro is still a child and must be treated as such. Throughout the book the author's spirit is kindly. He does not hesitate to point out the many weaknesses in the attitude and morals of the white man which harm the Negro. While definite conclusions are not-and indeed cannot be always set forth and while much of importance is omitted, the author has gathered together a great mass of material and made it generally available.
ALGER, GEORGE W. The Organiza-
tion of the Courts, 211-218.
American Bar Association: program,
183-184; work, 182.
Judicature Society: propaganda,
185; recommendations, 8-13, 24;
suggestions, 222–223.
Appeals, division, 123.
Appointment, power, 126.
Bar: admission, 227; discipline, 129–
130; educational reforms, 225; ethi-
cal standards, 210; responsibility of
members, 6-8; supervision, 115.
associations, activity, 106-107.
Bench: discipline, 129-130; ethical
standards, 210; improvement, 226;
personnel, 172; supervision, 115.
Board of Assignment and Control,
powers, 47-48.
Claims, calendar, 122.
Organization, membership,
53.
BOSTON, CHARLES A. Some Observa-
tions upon the Report of the Com-
mittee of the Phi Delta Phi with
Special Reference to the Typical
Judiciary Article for a Constitution,
104-131. See also, 208.
BUSINESS, ADMINISTRATION OF, AND
DISCIPLINE BY THE COURTS.
Henry Cohen, 205–210.
Calendar, commercial, 155-157.
California: Bar Association, 224; eco-
nomic reforms, 219; social reforms,
219.
Chicago, Municipal Court, 209, 214.
Chief justice: election, 40; powers of
appointment, 40-41; removal, 58;
term, 43, 58.
Circuit Court, jurisdiction, 170.
City Court: calendar, 154; duties, 154.
Civil disputes, settlement, 196.
jury system, administration, 114-
115.
practice, simplification, 81.
Act, New York, 81–90.
rules, enactment, 82.
procedure, New York Code, 66-
67, 109.
Civilization: history, 137; measures,
125.
COHEN, JULIUS HENRY. Administra-
tion of Business and Discipline by
the Courts, 205-210.
COMMON LAW PRACTICE, PROGRESS OF
THE PROPOSAL ΤΟ SUBSTITUTE
RULES OF COURT FOR. Thomas W.
Shelton, 178–188.
Common law procedure: abandonment,
186-187; anachronism, 184; history,
180.
CONBOY, MARTIN. The Working of
the New Jersey Short Practice Act,
170-177.
Connecticut, Short Practice Act, 61.
Constitution: changes, 21-60; New
York, 10.
CONSTITUTION, SOME OBSERVATIONS
UPON THE REPORT OF THE COM-
MITTEE OF THE PHI DELTA PHI
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE
TYPICAL JUDICIARY ARTICLE FOR A.
Charles A. Boston, 104-131.
Coudert, Frederic R., remarks, 137.
COUNTY COURT SYSTEM, AN EFFI-
CIENT. Herbert Harley, 189–195.
County judge, powers, 191.
Court: business man's, 151; rules, 187.
COURT, PROGRESS OF THE PROPOSAL
ΤΟ SUBSTITUTE RULES OF, FOR
COMMON LAW PRACTICE. Thomas
W. Shelton, 178-188.
Court of Appeals: District, 222; en-
largement, 29; jurisdiction, 124;
organization, 55.
Court of Conciliation, establishment,
111.
organization, efficient system, 9.
procedure: control, 69; formalism,
203; inconsistency, 199; resentment,
20, 106; rules, 70; simplification, 18,
179.
rules, schedule, 194.`
systems, inferior, 190.
Courts: abolishment, 26, 123; admin-
istrative business, 123; administra-
tive staff, 163-164; bibliography of
organization, 90-103; business, 205-
206; business organization, 213–214;
calendar, 68; commercial calendar,
155; congestion, 153-155; consolida-
tion, 27; delay, 153-155; disciplin-
ary powers, 206-210; divine right,
197; efficiency, 20, 130; efficient
regulation, 4; elimination, 15; func-
tions, 183; jurisdiction, 118, 222;
modern methods, 147-148; moderni-
zation, 188; objections to uniform,
24-25; organization, 9, 132, 149,
229; powers, 81, 85-87; public hear-
ings, 200; reconstitution, 23; records
of social history, 179-180; reform,
71; reform of procedure, 178-179;
relation to community, 199; reor-
ganization, 212; respect, 197, 226;
rules, 68-77, 209; specialized, 162-
163; terms, 83; topics covered by
rules, 74-77; unification, 23, 61,
217; use, 180.
COURTS, ADMINISTRATION OF BUSI-
NESS AND DISCIPLINE BY THE. Julius
Henry Cohen, 205–210.
COURTS, THE ORGANIZATION OF THE.
George W. Alger, 211-218.
Defendants, suing, 175.
Democracies, judicial function, 169;
justification, 190; strength, 178.
Discipline, committee, 49.
Disputes, settlement, 5.
Efficiency: definition, 4; legal, 5; na-
tional, 20; principles, 4-5.
Employe, employer's duty toward, 141.
Employer, liability for injuries to
employe, 143.
England: Courts of Equity, 118; Ju-
dicature Acts, 73, 180; judicial
power, 116.
English courts, organization, 213, 214.
Judicature Acts, provisions, 30-31,
61.
Equity: distinction between law and,
125; jurisdiction, 117.
Evidence: code, 75; defective laws,
112-113; law, 71, 113-114; rules, 19,
75.
Executive agencies, judicial power, 120-
Judicature: attitude of laymen toward,
180-181; attitude of legislators
toward, 181.
Judicial administration: absurdity,
149-151; discussion, 128-129; his-
tory, 106.
Council, powers, 56, 58.
departments, creation, 126.
machinery, demand for improved,
133-135.
JUDICIAL MACHINERY, THE LAYMAN'S
DEMAND FOR IMPROVED. William L.
Ransom, 132-169.
Judicial organization, American, 213.
power: lodgment, 116; of execu-
tive agencies, 120-121.
practice, simplification, 221.
procedure: accomplishments, 180;
methods, 121; reform, 189.
reform, principles, 13-18.
reorganization, efforts toward,
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statistics: collation, 130; English,
131; publication, 51-52, 130.
system: cost, 215; criticism, 140;
efficiency, 119; mechanics, 134; or-
ganization, 136; state, 194; workable
ideal, 168-169.
Judiciary: appointive, 14, 32, 57;
elective, 32, 55, 57; independent,
36-37; local, 195; New Jersey, 172;
powers, 171; reform, 23; self-admin-
istering, 48.
Article: accomplishments, 68-69;
ideal, 116; in state constitution,
2-60; proposed, 115-116, 205, 206–
207.
JUDICIARY ARTICLE, SOME OBSERVA-
TIONS UPON THE REPORT OF THE
COMMITTEE OF
PHI DELTA
PHI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
THE TYPICAL, FOR A CONSTITU-
TION. Charles A. Boston, 104–131.
Juridical status, genius, 180.
Jurisdiction, inferior, 189.
Jurisprudence, equity, 7.
Jury: attitude, 20; function, 203.
Justice: administration, 1, 136, 138,
177, 223; defective administration,
20-21; definition, 136-137; develop-
ment of administering, 6; dispensing,
3; efficiency in administration, 213;
emancipation, 141; essence, 138;
establishing, 3; factors, 138-140;
failure, 184; maintenance, 1; neces-
sity, 219; social, 143; speedy, 156.
JUSTICE, THE SIMPLIFICATION OF THE
MACHINERY OF, WITH A VIEW TO
ITS GREATER EFFICIENCY. Report
to the Phi Delta Phi Club of New
York City by its Committee of Nine,
1-103.
JUSTICE FACTORY, A. Frederick D.
Wells, 196-204.
Justices: impeachment, 43; meetings,
43; removal, 43.
of the peace: jurisdiction, 50–51;
provisions for, 130.
Law: administration, 4, 20, 144-146;
anachronisms, 107-108; definition,
1; delay, 5; equity and, 125; failings,
105-106; improving, 224; respect,
226; substantive, 140, 148; transi-
tion, 142-144.
LAW, LOOKING FORWARD IN THE.
Andrew Younger Wood, 219–229.
Law reform, progress, 211.
Lawyers: activities, 219; attitude to-
ward conventions of profession, 104-
105; awakening, 105; challenge, 115;
criticism, 219; disciplining, 207;
education, 108; failings, 105-106;
function, 202; layman's challenge,
135-136; obligation, 228-229.
LAYMAN'S DEMAND FOR IMPROVED
JUDICIAL MACHINERY, THE. Wil-
liam L. Ransom, 132-169.
Laymen, challenge to lawyers, 135–136.
Legal history, analogies from, 141–142.
machinery, aversion, 148-149.
Legal procedure: aspects, 161; business
methods, 164-165; reform, 148.
service, methods, 159.
Legislative department, improvement,
135-136.
Legislators, attitude toward judica-
ture, 181.
Legislature: jurisdiction, 224; person-
nel, 172; power, 222.
Litigants, rights, 161–162.
Litigation, cost, 218; speculation, 112.
Magistrates: compensation, 191; juris-
diction, 192; selection, 191; terms,
191.
Masters: appointment, 44; designa-
tion, 128; duties, 46; powers, 46-
47; qualifications, 46.
Mississippi: judicial power, 54-55;
State Bar Association, 54-60.
Municipal Court, description, 215–216.
New Jersey: judicial tenure, 171; ju-
diciary, 172; separation between legal
and equitable relief, 170; Short
Practice Act, 61, 172-173.
NEW JERSEY SHORT PRACTICE ACT,
THE WORKING OF THE. Martin
Conboy, 170-177.
New York: City Court, 149-150, 216;
Civil Practice Act, 81-90; Code of
Civil Procedure, 10, 66-67; courts,
27, 129-130; expenses of organizing
courts, 54; judicial departments, 31;
judicial power, 23; judicial tribunals
23-24; judiciary law, 215; jurispru-
dence, 44; justices, 31-32; substan-
tive law, 11; Supreme Court, 116.
Constitution, judiciary arti-
County Lawyer's Associa-
tion, Short Practice Act submitted
by, 62, 64, 81–90.
Peace: definition, 4; organization, 133.
Perjury, decrease, 157-158.
Plenary jurisdiction, court, 14.
Pound, Roscoe: 221; A Bibliography of
Procedural Reform, Including Or-
ganization of Courts, 90-103; ac-
complishments, 184; remarks, 72-74.
Practice, General Rules, 67.
Probate matters, uncontested, 131.
Procedural law: ideal, 108; reform, 108–
111.
reform: bibliography, 90-103;
efforts toward, 220–225; importance,
211-212; relation of law to, 78; tech-
nical questions, 212.
Public, rights, 161–162.
opinion, significance, 18-21.
RANSOM, WILLIAM L. The Layman's
Demand for Improved Judicial
Machinery, 132–169.
Reform: attitude of bench toward, 172;
theories, 13-14.
Removal, power, 127.
Republics, governmental improvement,
178.
RULES OF COURT, PROGRESS OF THE
PROPOSAL ΤΟ SUBSTITUTE, FOR
COMMON LAW PRACTICE. Thomas
W. Shelton, 178-188.
San Francisco: Bar Association, 106-
107; Legal Aid Society, 228.
Self-government, qualifications, 180.
SHELTON, THOMAS W. Progress of the
Proposal to Substitute Rules of
Court for Common Law Practice,
178-188.
Short Practice Act: advantages, 176;
appeals, 174; Connecticut, 61; legis-
lative regulation, 65; necessity, 69;
New Jersey, 61; rules adopted, 171-
172; simplification, 176; submitted
by New York County Lawyer's
Association, 62, 64, 81-90; sugges-
tions, 60-68.
SHORT PRACTICE ACT, THE WORKING
OF THE NEW JERSEY.
boy, 170-177.
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