side among the straw in the stall, with his head slightly raised, and Mr. Rarey, whom he was eyeing without the slightest symptom of alarm, lying beside him. Mr. Rarey remained with him in this position for some time, during which he knocked the horse's fore and hind hoofs together, made a pillow of his thighs, and finally got up and ran a heavy wheelbarrow up to and around the still prostrate creature, without producing in him the slightest sensation of fear. Subsequently, the mastery of Mr. Rarey became so complete over this horse, that, when laid on his side in a loose box, a plank was placed against his shoulder in sight of the horse, and a barrow run up it. He never moved. A drum was also beaten on his back, and an umbrella opened in his very face; but he remained stock still, and evinced no sign of apprehension. The next subject on which Mr. Rarey experimented was a young unbroken colt, brought from Prince Albert's farm, and which had never been handled in any way. This colt was led into the arena in halter, and, after being left alone with the horse-tamer a few minutes, the company saw, as in the former case, this wild colt lying on the ground, and the horse-tamer by his side, who sat upon him and handled his legs, feet, and every other part by turns, a process during which the creature remained as gentle and passive as a child. After Mr. Rarey had parted with the colt, a handsome bay-charger, belonging to Prince Albert, was brought forward. This horse was one of high spirit, which had always shown great restlessness while being mounted and a constant tendency to take fright, and, it was thought, would thoroughly defy all of Mr. Rarey's attempts to tame him. In a short time, however, the horse-tamer had him down also, as submissive as all the rest, and was seen crawling among his legs, sitting upon his shoulders and hips, and knocking his hoofs together. Then, bidding the horse rise, which he did instantly, Mr. Rarey jumped upon his back, and held by turns an umbrella over his head and beat a tattoo on a drum, the hitherto proud, restless animal, now owning subjection to a new master, remaining the while almost as motionless as a statue. All these remarkable feats were watched throughout with the most intense interest the Queen, in the enthusiasm of the moment, herself rapturously applauding with her own hands, and the whole company joining in prolonged demonstrations of astonishment and delight. In Paris, Mr. Rarey's method produced unbounded excitement. In order to put the system to a vigorous test, the emperor caused to be purchased, at Caen, a fouryear-old horse, by "Tipple Cider," noted for its violence, and for kicking furiously whenever an attempt was made to put a crupper on it. In the space of four days, this horse was as docile with the saddle and the harness as could be desired, and he allowed a whip to be cracked about his head, and a drum to be beaten on his back, without any manifestation of fear. Another most notable case was that of a stallion belonging to the government, and which was so untamable, so vicious, so furious, in fact, that a resolution had been adopted to kill it. The animal was lent for the purpose by M. de Baylen, and as many as three hundred members of the Jockey and other clubs assembled to see what Mr. Rarey could do with him. In company with this horse, which arrived with a noose-band on, and muzzled, and led by two men, Mr. Rarey fastened himself up in a stall, and, in an hour after, he came out mounted on its back. Although the horse had always previously bitten the legs of everyone who mounted him, he was then perfectly quiet; and though the very sight of a whip was accustomed to put it in a fury, it received a correction as quietly as the best broken-in horse would have done. The members of the Jockey Club were astonished at what they witnessed, and broke out into loud acclamations of admiration, after which they gathered round Mr. Rarey to compliment him. In London, again, Mr. Rarey tested his skill successfully, in the space of an hour, on a famous bay mare, long pronounced incurable-who was so dangerous to approach in any way that she could not be ridden, would strike with her fore feet like a pugilist, and kick as well with her hind feet. So savage was she, that no horseman had been able to ascertain her age by looking at her teeth; yet Mr. Rarey not only opened her mouth, but put his hand into it several times, and told his audience that, in his opinion, she was eight years old. Great cheers followed this triumph of skill, but it was to be still vast audience-who sat in silence and surprise almost approaching to awe-was greeted at its close with rounds of applause, and Mr. Rarey was tumultuously called for twice to receive an ovation of cheers. Visiting Russia, a special exhibition was given, by request, before the emperor and his court. All etiquette was laid aside by the royal spectators-the emperor, and empress, and all present, entering into the humors of the evening with a hearty abandonment, not only deeply gratified at the novelty of the entertainment, but also with the privilege of giving vent MR. RAREY EXHIBITING HIS CELEBRATED METHOD OF TAMING HORSES. further demonstrated on a thorough-bred, high-spirited Arabian stallion, extremely vicious, perfectly uncontrollable, biting at every one that approached him, and that would not suffer himself to be bridled except blindfolded. On his arrival on this occasion, at the railway station, he knocked down his groom by kicking him on the head; and on being taken into the ring, nearly broke the arm of the man who led him in, by striking him with his fore feet. Mr. Rarey, notwithstanding, succeeded after a desperate struggle, which lasted for about an hour, in rendering him as tractable as a lamb. This feat, which was witnessed throughout by the whole of the to their natural feelings. That nothing might be wanting to fulfill the object of the exhibition, the emperor had shrewdly availed himself of his varied resources, in in procuring such an animal as would test Mr. Rarey's powers to the greatest extent -the Russian wilds affording, as is well known, fearful specimens of untutored and savage horse life. At a certain signal, therefore, a perfectly wild brute from the Steppes was brought into the arena, and for the first time introduced to Mr. Rarey's notice. Two peasants, themselves semibarbarous, awed by the presence of the emperor, and filled with intense fear by the plunging and rearing of the horse in their charge, with difficulty restrained him from breaking away, biting their flesh, or knocking their brains out with his heels, which at times cleaved the air with fearful velocity, for the infuriated animal, in the insanity of his captivity, absolutely bit at interposing objects as if he were a tiger. Mr. Rarey, perfectly self-possessed, and to the surprise of all present, boldly laid his hand upon his neck, and then passed it gently over the ears, and in a few moments ordered the peasants to unloose their rigorous hold on the ropes, when Mr. Rarey proceeded to further pacify the creature, his success being complete. The emperor and the imperial family looked on with amazement, while the two peasants were struck dumb with awe and wonder-the effect being heightened when the emperor, half sternly and half playfully, asked them "why they could not thus handle the horse!" One of the worst specimens that Mr. Rarey had to deal with in America, was a New York car-horse,-a very bad kicker, striking with her fore feet, allowing no one to approach her in her stable, very treacherous, and giving no warning. When the horse appeared upon the stage, it was pronounced a tough-looking customer enough,—thin, wiry, dirty, stubborn, vicious, evil-eyed. It had not been shod except with all its feet tied, and then with difficulty. Every time Mr. Rarey touched it, the horse kicked most savagely. First one little strap was tied on, however, and then another. The horse fell easily, as it had been used to be thrown thus to be shod. But, when the straps were taken off, and Rarey began his familiarities, then came the tug of war. It was kick and bite, soothe and fondle, get up and fall down, until at last the struggling beast completely succumbed to the tamer's kindness. Mr. Rarey's head lay between those formidable hoofs; his hand unloosed the bridle which had not been removed for months; he played blacksmith, too, hammering at the shoe without any difficulty, and curing the last bit of restlessness by turning the horse round. and round awhile. Mr. Rarey led off the subdued old equine hag with as much complacency as if biting and kicking had never been known. The astonishment of the owner, who knew the horse so well, only outran that of the audience. The theory proclaimed by Mr. Rarey, in his lectures and performances, was, that hitherto the mode of treating this noble animal-at least in the preliminary stages of breaking, etc.,-had proceeded on ideas. of his nature altogether erroneous and cruel, and been invariably characterized by unnecessary violence, provoking the display of resistance and other kindred. qualities on his part, and so the evil has been perpetuated. On the other hand, the principle advocated by Mr. Rarey and constituting the key to his success-that of extreme kindness and tenderness,-convinces the animal that man is his natural master and friend, and elicits his confidence and kindly regard. Appealing to "the intellect and affections of the horse," as the basis of his system of treatment, Mr. Rarey was enabled to say, to his vast and admiring audience at Niblo's Garden, New York: "I have never had an accident since I became perfect in my system, and I don't fear any. I have been among horses since I was twelve years old, and at first had a great many accidents. Every limb has been broken, except my right arm; but being young, when these accidents happened, the bones fortunately healed strongly. Now I know horses' every thought, and can break any animal, of whatever age and habits, in the world. I can make any animal sensible of my power—make him gentle and even affectionate." The mechanical process employed in this system, as described, consists in fastening one fore leg by a strap-first allowing the horse to see and smell it-passed around the pastern and buckled close to the forearm. Another strap is then fastened to the pastern of the other fore leg, and is either passed under a belt, previously buckled about the horse's body, and its end held in one hand, or it may be held over his back. The horse is then gently urged forward, and as he raises his free fore foot to step, it is pulled from under him by the operator. This brings him upon his knees. A struggle ensues, in which the man is sure to be the victor. Next, by a sufficient pressure, the horse is thrown upon his side and lies helpless. The operator then soothes him with the hand and voice, removes the straps, and after a short period allows him to rise. A single application is generally sufficient. Mr. Rarey's cool, quiet, quick movements, his calm, fine, firm voice, gave to his presence a peculiar magnetism and contributed greatly to his power over the horse; so that, in this respect, he achieved a world-wide reputation, without a peer or rival to divide his fame. The courage and self-possession exhibited by him were extraordinary, a patience, too, that nothing could wear out, and a temper that nothing could ruffle. Never in a hurry, he went through his work in a way that showed it to be, to him, a labor of love. There was no mystery, no charm, no drugs, employed by him in his performances. He explained everything he was about to do, and gave a reason for it; and then, by doing it, successfully proved that his reasoning was correct. At the end of the performance, the horse would walk quietly about without the slightest appearance of excitement or fatigue. But, while thus sparing the horse, Mr. Rarey evidently took an immensity of work out of himself, seemingly undergoing a sustained mental strain, in order that the horse, whose instinct is so sharp, might not see the slightest faltering in his proceedings. His system, a slow and gentle, but irresistible pressure, aimed not to crush, but to subdue, and, to this end, perfect selfcontrol was indispensable. If, therefore, at the most critical moment, he required a riding-whip or a pocket handkerchief, he called for it as coolly as one would for a glass of lemonade, or as Nelson called for the sealing-wax during the bombardment of Copenhagen. LXII. BATTLE AT BULL RUN, VA., BETWEEN THE FEDERAL AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES.-1861. First Important Engagement in the Great Civil War.-Severe Fighting for Many Hours.-Most Disastrous Defeat of the Federal Troops.-Their Uncontrollable Panic and Headlong Flight.-The South Jubilant.-Gloom and Humiliation of the Loyal States.-Three Months Since Sumter Fell.-Armies Massed at Washington and Richmond.-Threats Against the Federal Capital.-Irritation and Impatience of the North.-" On to Richmond!" the Union War-Cry.-March of McDowell's Army.— Plan of the Movement.-Rousing the Southern Forces.-Their Unexpected Strength.-Uncertain Fate of the Day.-Re-enforcement for Confederates.-Davis's Arrival on the Ground-He Exclaims, "Onward, My Brave Comrades!"-Their Wild Enthusiasm.-A Lost Battle for the Union.-Complete Demoralization.-Three Miles of Scattered Troops-Arms, Stores, etc, Flung Away -Distressing Sights and Sounds-Thanksgiving Appointed by Davis.-Te Deums Sung in the Southern Churches.-Lessons Taught by this Battle. "The sainted patriots cry, "IT CANNOT BE!" From heaven they speak, and from their graves revered; The God who gave them victory will not see The temple shattered which their toil has reared!" MONUMENT ON THE BATTLE-FIELD. FORE than three months had passed since the capture of Fort Sumter, and, during this exciting period, throughout the country, the great contending parties had massed, respectively, immense bodies of troops at Washington and Richmond, and their vicinities. So deep was the indignation felt by the upholders of the national cause, at the fall of Sumter, and at the various hostile movements and expeditions by the confederates which followed that event, such as the fearless assault made upon the federal soldiers while passing through Baltimore, the destruction of railroads and telegraphs, the seizure of Northerners' property at the South, the loss of the Norfolk navy yard, the rout at and the defiant threats of an advance on Washington,-that the cry of "On to Richmond," into which city the confederate forces had poured from every part of the South, both for defensive and aggressive operations, was heard on every side. Indeed, the patience of the North had become strained to its utmost tension toward those whose alleged official inactivity or tardiness was the assumed cause of the insurgent army not having been, long since, scattered and destroyed. |