ters were entirely burned, the main gates destroyed by fire, the gorge wall seriously injured, the magazine surrounded by flames, and its door closed from the effects of the heat, four barrels and three cartridges of powder only being available, and no provisions but pork remaining, I accepted terms of evacuation offered by General Beauregard, being the same of fered by him on the 11th instant, prior to the commencement of hostilities, and marched out of the fort Sunday afternoon, the 14th instant, with colors flying and drums beating, bringing away company and private property, and saluting my flag with fifty guns." Major Anderson and his men received the thanks of the government for their gallant defense of the fort against such odds. As soon as the national flag had ceased to wave over Fort Sumter, the president issued a proclamation for an extra session of congress, to convene July 4th, and also calling for seventy-five thousand men, in order "to maintain the honor, the integrity, and existence of our national Union and the perpetuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long enough endured." This proclamation was of course spurned and ridiculed by the seven states-South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas -that had formed themselves into the Southern Confederacy; and, by the other southern states, as also by the border states, it was treated with mingled contempt and indignation. But, throughout the vast North and West, it was received and responded to with an enthusiasm which showed that the attempt to dismember the North American Republic and blot it out from the map of nations, was to be resisted to the last dollar and the last man. The supreme hour in the history of the nation had now arrived, and, reluctant as were the loyal states to engage in the horrors of fratricidal strife, the wager of war was the only alternative which now presented itself. The national fate hung trembling in the scale of destiny, and the At the head of the armies of the loyal states was Lieutenant-General Scott, directing all the preparations and movements for the impending conflict, and especially devoting his military skill to the protection of the federal capital. It was said that he had all along been averse, from purely military considerations, to the re-enforcement of Fort Sumter, it being, like Charleston, of no strategic importance, requiring a valuable force to hold it, with no adequate advantage gained. He regarded Fort Pickens, in the Gulf, and Washington, the capital, as the two keys of the position. On the 4th of March, and for some weeks afterward, it would have been almost impossible for the federal government to defend Washington against such a force as had already been collected by the secessionists before Sumter, and which could be marched at any time on a capital unprepared for defense. General Scott's plans, based on these facts, were at once laid. No time was lost in strengthening the capital. Success attended the effort to increase the garrison of Fort Pickens, and at last Washington was reasonably safe. And thus commenced what finally proved to be the most gigantic and bloody struggle in the annals of human strife, the result of the conflict, too, being the most momentous, perhaps, in its relations to the interests of the human race, of any since the world began. LXI. ASTONISHING FEATS OF HORSE-TAMING PERFORMED BY MR. JOHN S. RAREY.-1861. The Most Savage and Furious Animals Made Tractable as Lambs.-The Ferocious and Far Famed 'Cruiser" Lies Docile at His Master's Feet -Acclamations of Wonder and Admiration by Crowded Audiences.-Brilliant Honors from Monarchs and Courts Abroad.-Philosophy of Mr. Rarey's Method and Success.-Mr. Rarey Personally.-Boyhood Fondness for Horses-Aptness in Training Them-Discovers an Improved Method-Its Perfect Success-Wild Prairie Horses Subdued.-Determines to Exhibit Abroad -His Skill Challenged in London.-"Cruiser" to be the Great Test. -Rage and Fury of the Animal.-Plunging, Rearing, Yelling, Biting-Rarey's Complete Triumph.Monarchs and Princes Present-Their Surprise and Delight.-Victoria's Rapturous ApplauseExhibitions in the United States.-Terrible Cases Dealt With.-Rarey Always Conqueror.-His Calm, Fine, Firm Voice.-Cool, Quiet, Quick Movements.-Magnetism of His Presence.-Details of the System. "I can break any animal, of whatever age or habits, in the world. I can make any animal sensible of my power-make him gentle and even affectionate."-MR. RALLY, AT NIBLO'S GARDEN, NEW YORK. "CRUISER," UNTAMED. OVEL and extraordinary, to a degree bordering on the marvelous, were the exhibitions with which the name of John S. Rarey, of Ohio, became so popularly identified, both in America and Europe, in the management of that noblest, as well as most useful and beautiful, of animals, the horse. Wondering and delighted crowds attended these exhibitions, in all the principal cities of this country; and, abroad, crowned heads and titled dignitaries were among the gifted champion's most enthusiastic auditors, and there, as well as at home, every American felt a just pride in the laurels achieved by their countryman. Such a decided sensation, at once so exciting, pleasant, and universal, may well have a place in the national gallery of things noteworthy and agreeable. Surely, few, if any, of the marvels recorded in that wonderful French book, "The Great Wizard," which Dr. R. Shelton McKenzie has given to the English reader in so fasci- | whom he has operated is as durable as he nating a dress, can be said to equal the feats performed by the very practical wizard of Ohio, in the different cities of the Union in 1861, and which cast all that is merely ideal or legerdemain far and forever into the shade. alleges. If, however, he would 'walk over the course,' and set criticism at defiance, let him go down some morning to Murrell's Green, with a few of his aristocratic friends, and try,' Cruiser,' and if he can ride him as a hack I guarantee him immorAt the time of these astonishing tri- tality, and an amount of ready money that umphs, Mr. Rarey was a slightly built would make a British bank director's man, about thirty years of age. He was mouth water. The 'initiated' will not be the son of a stock farmer and breeder of surprised at my selecting Cruiser; but as horses, who lived in Franklin county, Ohio, the public may be ignorant of him, I will and was himself engaged in a similar occu- append some particulars of his history: pation at a place called Groveport, about Cruiser was the property of Lord Dorten miles from Columbus, the capital of chester, and was a favorite of the Derby that state. From boyhood he is stated to in Wild Daynell's year, but broke down have exhibited an intense fondness for about a month before the race. Like all horses and a remarkable aptitude for horses of Venison blood, his temper was not breaking and training them after the old of the mildest kind, and his owner was glad fashion, until he discovered a more humane to get rid of him. When started for Rawmode of treatment, and which he soon cliffe, the man who had him in charge was put into practice with the greatest success told on no account to put him in a stable, in his native state. The subjects on which as he would never get him out. This he operated were in many cases horses injunction was of course disregarded, for reclaimed in a perfectly wild condition when the man wanted some refreshment from the western prairies, and in the he put Cruiser in the public stable and course of his experience he had several of left him. To get him out, the roof of the his limbs broken, but without at all damp-building had to be ripped off. At Rawening his enthusiasm or diminishing his cliffe, Cruiser was always exhibited by a faith. Appreciating the Engan's superior love and care for the horse, Mr. Rarey visited England at the outset of his career, for the purpose of exhibiting and introducing his system of training in that country. His success was such as to elicit the most unbounded admiration, mingled with at least an equal degree of astonishment, on the part of audiences the most crowded and brilliant, including veteran horsetrainers from far and near. Among the latter class, were not a few who regarded the American performer with somewhat of professional jealousy, and it was not long before the following challenge of his skill was received by him from a high source: "Mr. Rarey is a public man, and of course exposed to criticism. Some of his experiments have proved successful, but there has not been time enough to develop whether the docility of these horses upon groom with a ticket-of-leave bludgeon in his hand, and few were bold enough to venture into the animal's inclosure, the cordial wish of every visitor being 'that some friendly bullet would lay him low.' This animal, then, whose temper has depreciated his value perhaps a thousand pounds, I think would be 'the right horse in the right place,' to try Mr. Rarey's skill; and as the locale is so near London, the sooner the experiment is made the better." This challenge was no sooner received than accepted, and, as the viciousness and ferocity of Cruiser had hitherto utterly baffled every attempt at subjection, the trial of Mr. Rarey's skill was looked forward to with intense interest. Cruiser's habit, it appears, was to scream and yell when any one approached him, to smash up his stall "into lucifer matches," and to attempt to bite and destroy every living thing in his neighbor out of his box, and so I had to wait for his recovery. I went down to see him, quietly and unknown, but somehow the papers got hold of it, and everybody said that I dared. not go near Cruiser." Under these circumstances, Mr. Rarey was detained some three weeks, when he went to London, accompanied by the now subdued steed. The collar and muzzle which Cruiser used to wear were exhibited by Mr. Rarey. His owner could place them upon him only by letting a rope down through the roof of his stall, fastening it under his neck, and raising him off his fore feet. The exhibition at Niblo's was the first time Cruiser had been on the stage in America. "We have," said Mr. Rarey, "had no rehearsal; but instead of kicking, as he used, he will now (as you see) give me his foot like a gentleman." Two hood. Noblemen used to go and throw | injured himself that he could not be taken articles into his brick box, in order to see him fight. When he was to be fed or watered, the first proceeding with his groom was to ascertain, by thrusting a long pole in at the stable door, where the enemy stood, and then to deposit the food, shut the door, and vanish as soon as possible. Mr. Rarey changed all this in a moment, as it were. He ordered the stable door to be thrown open, introduced himself according to his system, without delay, and in half an hour the indomitable Cruiser might be ridden by a child, could listen tranquilly to the beating of a drum, and stand serene even if an umbrella were flourished in his face. Gentle as a lamb, he followed his teacher about the arena like a dog, stopping when he pointed his finger, lying down when he was told, rising again when he obtained permission, and doing all this in a mild, good-humored sort of way, as if the wish to oblige was the sole ruling motive, and that the now docile Cruiser was totally unaware of that terrible array of whips and spurs, bits and muzzles, with which his first teachers had sought to check his ferocity and bring him to reason. The speedy, easy, and complete success of Mr. Rarey, in this remarkable case, gave him, at once, the most flattering and exalted reputation from one end of Europe to the other. On Mr. Rarey's appearance at Niblo's, in New York, he exhibited this renowned specimen of the equine race-an animal over sixteen hands high, and of immense bone and muscle,-and said: "When I went to England and exhibited there, the papers all said, 'This is very well, but try Cruiser!' I immediately wrote to Lord Dorchester, about the horse, and he replied that the horse could not be brought to me, but that I must come to him. I did go to him. The horse had not been out of his box for three years; a brick stable had to be built for him, and he would have been shot, but he was the last of a race of splendid blood-horses, and his owner was anxious to preserve him if possible. I found that by his biting and kicking he had so JOHN S. RAREY. straps were now shown, being all that had stood still. Presently, when I saw that he stood naturally, I began to fondle him. Lord Dorchester begged me to tie his head, and I did so, but you never saw such fighting. Finding that he would either kill himself or tear down the box, I released him, and began all over again. After he allowed me to fondle him, I took him into the straw-yard, and proceeded as with any other horse, until at last he would let me take any liberty with him, and Lord Dorchester mounted him with impunity." Mr. Rarey declared that Cruiser was about as celebrated for his viciousness as he himself was for taming him. A horse of the Messenger breed, excitable and ferocious, was next operated upon. By gently fondling his head and caressing him, Mr. Rarey succeeded in managing him perfectly. "See," said Mr. Rarey, "I place this horse's foot upon me. There is no danger. He would no more tread heavily upon me than a mare upon her foal." He sat upon the animal, put his hoofs playfully together, and rested his head composedly between the horse's heels. At first, Mr. Rarey fastened a strap round the horse's fore leg, so as to make him limp on three legs and finally kneel. When the second strap was attached, a struggle ensued, which ended in the animal's lying down, and here the art of Mr. Rarey, in its perfect adaptedness to the end sought, was made apparent. Next in course was a wild horse from South America, which threw Mr. Rarey several times, plunging, rearing, and biting with rage and fury. On his leg, too, Mr. Rarey attached the fatal strap, and, after a prolonged struggle, the animal was thrown, and his conquerer was upon him. After rising up and sitting down again on the horse's back several times, in order to accustom the horse to the sensation, Mr. Rarey raised him up, and, addressing the audience from the animal's back, said: "It is entirely wrong to leap upon a horse's back and hold fast, no matter how frightened he may be. There is now a perfect understanding between us. All all come to me gladly. This is the test of breaking: If they fly away from you, know you have treated them badly; if they come to you, they know you are a friend." No better illustration of the truth of these remarks was needed than the case then in hand. Perhaps the most brilliant and magnificent reception ever accorded in Europe to a private, untitled American, was on the occasion of Mr. Rarey's performances in London, when there were present the Queen, Prince Albert, the princess royal, the Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, and other members of the royal family, with the ladies of the court and most of the foreign princes and distinguished visitors then in the metropolis, including Prince Frederick William of Prussia, the prince of Prussia; the Princes Frederick Charles, Albert, Frederick Albert, and Adelbert, of Prussia; Prince Hohenzollern Sigmaringen, the Duke of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, the Duke of Brabant, the Count of Flanders, Prince William of Baden, Prince Edward of Saxe Weimer, and Prince Julius of Holstein Glucksburg. The Duke of Wellington, Major-General Sir Richard Airey, Lord Paget, and countless other dignitaries were also present. The subjects on which Mr. Rarey operated were decided cases. One was a finespirited black horse, of high nervous temperament, which had been returned to Mr. Anderson, of Picadilly, of whom he had. been bought for a large sum of money, on the ground of his being all but unmanage able. At the first private interview of Mr. Rarey with this horse, the animal was placed in a loose box, which Mr. Rarey entered, cracking a whip. Startled by this unusual exhibition of violence, the horse struck out with both his hind legs, and uttered a kind of savage yell. The company who had assembled to witness the experiment were then asked to withdraw, and Mr. Rarey was left alone with the horse. On being called in again, in less than quarter of an hour, they were amazed to find the animal prostrate on his |