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nouettes, have purchased property in Mobile; Nashville, Jan. 31.-This is the day appointed by have also made purchases for marshal Grouchy and general Jackson for the concentration of the troops general Lallemand there. It is expected to become from this county assembled and marched from the permanent residence of these distinguished per- here two days since—and yesterday about 100 fine looking men passed through this place on their way Considerable alarm is said to exist at the town of to Fayetteville, under the command of major Cook, Blakely, on account of reported movements of the from Robertson county. hostile Indians. A meeting had also been called at The annexed order has been printed by authority Mobile, on business relating to the safety of the peo- of general Jackson for the purpose of being distriple. buted among the troops after their organization.

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GENERAL ORDER.

NEW STATES. In a very short period of time, from one to three years, we may expect the erection of Volunteers of West Tennessee-Once more, after three New States-Illinois, Missouri and Alabama. a repose of three years, you are summoned to the The next census will give a great relative change in field. Your country having again need for your the power of some of the old states, in the popular services, has appealed to your patriotism, and you branch of the national legislature. have met it promptly. The cheerfulness with LONGEVITY. From the Washington,N. C. Recorder. which you have appeared to encounter the hard--Died a few days ago, in this county, at the very ships and perils of a winter's campaign, affords advanced age of 115 years, Mr. Lilly. He re- the highest evidence of what may be expected of tained his health and strength nearly to the last--had you in the hour of conflict and trial. no family, and like col. Boon,the first settler of Ken- The savages on your borders, unwilling to be at tucky, was a hunter and supported himself chiefly peace, have once more raised the tomahawk to by his gun. It is worthy of remark, that this very shed the blood of our citizens, and already they old man, never owned or had a bed in his house. are assembled in considerable force to carry their Not content

"The Academician." We have received the first murderous schemes into execution. number of a new work, published at New York,called ed with the liberal policy that has from time to "The Academician;" which, according to the pros-time been shewn them; but yielding themselves pectus, is to be devoted to "observations on polite victims to foreign seducers, they vainly think to literature; essays in moral and physical science; bi- assail and conquer the country that protects them. ographical sketches of distinguished persons; poetry, Stupid mortals! They have forgotten too soon the original and selected, criticism, strictures on the best streams of blood their ill fated policy heretofore modes of education; notices of literary and philoso- cost them. They have forgotten too, that but a phical institutions," &c. It is to be published semi- short time since, conquered and almost destroyed, monthly, in No's. of 16 large 8vo pages, at three dol- they were only preserved by the mildness and hu-. lars a year. Payable in advance. manity of that country which they now oppose. From the little opportunity that has been afforded They must now be taught, that however benevoto examine the number before us, we have reason to lent and humane that country is, she yet has sacred hope that the interest of these very important mat- rights to protect, and with impunity will not perters may be much promoted by a general distribu- mit the butchery of her peaceable and unoffending tion of "The Academician" among the people of the citizens.

United States; and we have the pleasure to believe, Brave Volunteers-The enemy you are going to that our citizens are prepared to give it a fair trial. contend with, you have heretofore met and fought. The steam-boats at New York have been success- You have once done it, and can again conquer them. fully used in towing large and heavily ladened ships You go not to fight but to be victorious; remem into the harbor--one of them was towed against wind ber then that the way to prove successful, is not by and tide at four miles an hour. From such exhibi- being inattentive to the first duties of a soldier, tions of power, we may anticipate the future efficacy but by bearing and executing with cheerfulness of steam frigates, to clear our bays and harbours of the orders of superiors, and being constantly mind. an enemy's ships, in case we are not strong enough to ful of the obligations you are under to your counmeet them on the ocean-which, however, we will be. try and to yourself. Subordination and attention Detroit. It is always pleasant to observe the pro- to discipline are all important and indispensable; gress of improvement. We have before us a very without them, nothing like system can be preservneat newspaper printed at Detroit, two pages and ed, and this being wanted nothing favorable can more of which are filled with advertisements-a result. But in you, every confidence is reposed. striking evidence of the increased business transacted Your general will not believe that brave men, whe at that important station, which, no doubt, will soon have so promptly come forth at the call of their be a large city. country, will withhold their assent to regulations This newspaper informs us, as an "important" af- which can alone assure them safety and success. fair, that the secretary of war has communicated to Hardships and dangers are incident to war, but gov. Cass, the determination of the president, that brave men will bear them without murmuring or the Indian trade, within the territory of the United complaining. Knowing you to be such, no fears States, shall be confined to citizens (native or natu- are entertained but that every duty imposed on ralized) of the United States. Instructions have ac- you will be met with promptness and cheerfulness. cordingly been issued to the different agents of this Your general goes before you to open the way superintendency, to license no person to trade with and prepare for your reception. Confiding in your diligence and exertions, he will expect your arri

the Indians who is not a citizen.

It also says, this week a number of pack-horses, val at your destined point, without unnecessary deladen with shoes for the troops at Green-Bay, started lay-led by col. Arthur P. Hayne, an officer in on an expedition through the wilderness for that whom he has every confidence. This being effectpost. ed, he will place himself at your head, and with Dr. Wistar. The medical colleges of New York, you share the dangers and hardships of the camPhiladelphia and Baltimore, have paid the highest paign. ANDREW JACKSON, marks of respect to the talents and character of the Maj. gen. commanding.

late Dr. Wistar.

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NEW SERIES. No. 2-VOL. II.]

The very interesting report of a committee of congress on manufactures, in 1816, is revived in the newspapers, &c. It was published in the WEEKLY REGISTER a few days after its date.

The attention of members of congress and others is invited to an excellent article respecting iron (page 23); written on account of the president's late communication of Mr. Bagot's letter in relation to it.

BANKS AND BANKING.-The last REGISTER made a great stir in this city-the demand for it was unprecedented. A large extra number were printed, and given away, for we never sell single sheets of the work. The effect was far beyond any thing anticipated; and if vox populi est vox Dei, I am on the safe side! I rejoice at such a burst of public feeling to resent a public wrong-the power of the people has been laughed at by those who have not felt its operation; but they now seem tremblingly alive to its consequences, though yet resolved to per sist in their plans. What-are the commanders of millions to tremble at the stump of a goose-quill? Yes -if that quill is directed by TRUTH and JUSTICE it is as a two-edged sword which "divides between the joints and the marrow" of speculation.

of some of those who first labo el to bring about
an event, the effect of which has only just begun,
with consequences in its train which no man
can estimate, will be grateful for this tribute to
the memory of the illustrious dead, from the pen
of such a distinguished co-adjutor and co-patri-
ot, as JoHN ADAMS. Zealous to afford the pa-
bulum animi to the republican American,and,
convinced that in such things he will find new
causes to love his country and those who eman.
cipated it, we feel an honest pride in being made
the medium for giving them to our fellow citi-
zens; who, if we do not greatly mistake the
public feeling, indeed, will joyfully receive in-
formation that a sketch of the character of SA-
MUEL ADAMS may be expected from the pen of his
distinguished cousin, counsellor, co-actor and
friend.

Mr. ADAMS has also communicated certain ancient
predictions as the future power of our country
at sea, that will not fail to interest our readers:
they are laid off for our next paper.

QUINCY, February 13, 1818.
MR. NILES-The American Revolution was
not a common event. Its effects and conse-
The remarks about the bank of the United States
are continued in page 20. I have yet much to say
quences have already been awful over a great
respecting it. Nor shall the banking business, part of the globe. And when and where are
generally, be neglected-the subject will be eluci- they to cease?

dated by some infamous anecdotes, which I know But what do we mean by the American Re
are true. But every thing in its season; and, convolution? Do we mean the American War
sidering those with whom we have do, facts must The Revolution was effected before the War
be considered. Truth is not a libel in Maryland.
I wish it clearly understood, that a special enmity
commenced. The Revolution was in the
against the bank of the United States, or any other minds and hearts of the people. A change in
bank, has not led me to the subject that now enga- their religious sentiments, of their duties and
ges iny attention. I owe ill will only to ill conduct, obligations. While the king, and all in autho-
and am doing what I believe is my duty. If I am rity under him, were believed to govern in jus-
mistaken, the people will forgive me if am right, tice and mercy according to the laws and con-
they will support me in a well-intended effort to
redress their grievance. I am myself but inciden- stitution derived to them from the God of na-
tally interested. The business of the banks, how-ture, and transmitted to them by their ances-
ever, has passed every man's threshhold, and is to tors-they thought themselves bound to pray
be found every where-like the plague of the frogs, for the king and queen and all the royal fami-
and other unclean things, inflicted upon the Egyply, and all in authority under them; as minis-
ters ordained of God for their good. But when
The king of Sweden bas attacked the paper, they saw those powers renouncing all the prin-
money of his dominions-in a late speech he says,
the amount of the paper currency, which in 1802 ciples of authority, and bent upon the destruc
was only 14,000,000 of bank dollars, is now about tion of all the securities of their lives, liberties
30,000,000-and asks, how can either natives or fo- and properties, they thought it their duty to
reigners have any confidence in a currency which pray for the Continental Congress and all the
rises or falls 30 per cent. in one month? It is not thirteen state congresses, &c.
quite so bad with us yet; but we do not know what
There might be, and there were others, who
we may come to, when, to the premiums, &c. of the
United States bank, we add the effect of the three thought less about religion and conscience, but
or four hundred banks lately established, or contem had certain habitual sentiments of allegiance
plated to be established, under the management of and loyalty derived from their education; but
men well versed in the business of "providing for believing allegiance and protection to be reci-
their families," as the shaving miser says in the play procal, when protection was with withdrawn,
they thought allegiance was dissolved.

tians.

The "American Revolution." Another alteration was common to all. The Those who delight to trace the early dawnings of people of America had been educated in an the American Revolution, in the emphatical mean- habitual affection for England as their mothering of the venerable writer of the following ar- country; and while they thought her a kind ticle, and to ascertain the feelings and character and tender parent, (erroneously enough, how

VOL. XIV.2.

ever, for she never was such a mother) no af-, contributed to produce the revolution. Many fection could be more sincere. But when they of those orations I have heard, and all that I found her a cruel Beldam, willing, like lady could obtain I have read. Much ingenuity and Macbeth, to "dash their brains out," it is no eloquence appears upon every subject, except wonder if their filial affections ceased and were changed into indignation and horror. This radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments and affections of the people, was the real American Revolution.

By what means, this great and important alteration in the religious, moral, political and social character of the people of thirteen colonies, all distinct, unconnected and independent of each other, was begun, pursued and accomplished, it is surely interesting to humanity to investigate, and perpetuate to posterity.

those principles and feelings. That of my honest and amiable neighbor, Josiah Quincy, appeared to me, the most directly to the purpose of the institution. Those principles and feelings ought to be traced back for two hundred years, and sought in the history of the country from the first plantations in America. Nor should the principles and feelings of the English and Scotch towards the colonies, through that whole period. ever be forgotten. the perpetual discordance between British principles and feelings and those of America, the next year after the suppression of the To this end it is greatly to be desired that French power in America, camne to a crisis, and young gentlemen of letters in all the states, produced an explosion. especially in the thirteen original states, would It was not until after the annihilation of the undertake the laborious, but certainly interest-French dominion in America, that any British ing and amusing task, of searching and col- ministry had dared to gratify their own wishes, lecting all the records, pamphlets, newspapers, and the desire of the nation, by projecting a and even hand-bills, which in any way contri- formal plan for raising a national revenue buted to change the temper and views of the from America, by parliamentary taxation.people and compose them into an independent The first great manifestation of this design was by the order to carry into strict executions

nation.

The colonies had grown up under constitu- those acts of parliament which were well tions of government so different, there was so known by the appellation of the acts of trade, great a variety of religions, they were com- which had lain a dead letter, unexecuted for posed of so many different nations, their cus- half a century, and some of them I believe for toms, manners and habits had so little resem-nearly a whole one.

- blance, and their intercourse had been so rare This produced, in 1760 and 1761, AN AWAKand their knowledge of each other so imper-ENING and a REVIVAL of American principles fect, that to unite them in the same principles and feelings, with an enthusiasm which went in theory and the same system of action, was on increasing, till in 1775 it burst out in open certainly a very difficult enterprize. The violence, hostility and fury.

complete accomplishment of it, in so short a The characters, the most conspicuous, the time and by suck simple means, was perhaps a most ardent and influential in this revival, from singular example in the history of mankind. Thirteen clocks were made to strike together; a perfection of mechanism which no artist had ever before effected.

1760 to 1766, were-first and foremost, before all and above all, JAMES Oris; next to him was OXENBRIDGE THATCHER; next to him SAMUEL ADAMS; next to him JOHN HANCOCK; then Dr. In this research, the glorioroles of individual Mayhew, then Dr. Cooper and his brother.gentlemen and of separate states is of little Of Mr. Hancock's life, character, generous naconsequence. The MEANS AND THE MEASURES ture, great and disinterested sacrifices, and are the proper objects of investigation. These important services, if I had forces, I should be may be of use to posterity, not only in this na- glad to write a volume. But this I hope will tion. but in South merica, and all other be done by some younger and abler hand. Mr. countries. They may teach mankind that re-Thatcher, because his name and merits are less volutions are no trifles; that they ought never known, must not be wholly omitted. This to be unde taken rashly; nor without delibe- gentlemen was an eminent barrister at law, in rate consideration and sober reflection; nor as large practice as any one in Boston. There without a solid, immutable, eternal foundation was not a citizen of that town more universalof justice and humanity; nor without a people ly beloved for his learning, ingenuity, every possessed of intelligence, fortitude and inte- domestic and social virtue, and conscientious grity sufficient to ca ry them with steadiness, conduct in every relation of life. His patripatience, and perseverance, through all the otism was as ardent as his progenitors had vicissitudes of fortune, the fiery trials and been ancient and illustrious in this country.— melancholy disasters they may have to encoun- Hutchinson often said, "Thatcher was not born

ter.

The town of Boston early instituted an annual oration on the fourth of July, in commemoration of the principles and feelings which

a Plebeian, but he was determined to die one." In May 1765, I believe he was chosen by the town of Boston one of their representatives in the legislature, a colleague with Mr. Otis, who

had been a member from May 1761, and he con-tythes and all, throughout all British America. tinued to be re-elected annually till his death in This system, he said, if it was suffered to pre1765, when Mr. Samuel Adams was elected rail would extinguish the flame of liberty all to fill his place, in the absence of Mr. Otis, over the world; that America would be emthen attending the congress at New-York-ployed as an engine to batter down all the miThatcher bad long been jealous of the unbound-serable remains of liberty in Great Britain and ed ambition of Mr. Hutchinson, but when he Ireland, where only any semblance of it was found him not content with the office of lieu-left in the world. To this system he considertenant governor, the command of the castle ed Hutchinson, the Olivers and all their conand its emoluments, of judge of probate for nections,dependants, adherents, shoelickersthe county of Suffolk, a seat in his majesty's and entirely devoted. He asserted that they council in the legislature, his brother-in-law were all engaged with all the crown officers in secretary of state by the king's commission, a America and the understrappers of the minisbrother of that secretary of state a judge of try in England, in a deep and treasonable conthe supreme court and a member of council, spiracy to betray the liberties of their country, now in 1760 and 1761, soliciting and accept for their own private, personal and family aging the office of chief justice of the superior grandisement. His Philippicks against the court of judicature, he concluded, as Mr. Otis unprincipled ambition and avarice of all of did, and as every other enlightened friend of them, but especially of Hutchinson, were unhis country did, that he sought that office with bridled; not only in private, confidential conthe determined purpose of determining all versations, but in all companies and on all occauses in favor of the ministry at St. James' casions. He gave Hutchinson the sobriquet of and their servile parliament. "Summa Potestatis," and rarely mentioned His indignation against him henceforward, him but by the name of "Summa." His liberto 1765, when he died, knew no bounds but ties of speech were no secrets to his enemies. truth. I speak from personal knowledge.-I have sometimes wondered that they did not For, from 1758 to 1765, I attended every su- throw him over the bar, as they did soon afterperior and inferior court is Boston, and recol-wards major Hawley. For they hated him lect not one in which he did not invite me home worse than they did James Otis, or Samuel to spend evenings with him, when he made me Adams, and they feared him more,-because converse with him as well as I could on all they had no revenge for a father's disappointsubjects of religion, morals, law, politics, his ment of a seat on the superior bench to impute tory, philosophy, belle-letters, theology, my- to him, as they did to Otis; and Thatcher's chathology, cosmugeny, metaphysicks, Lock, racter through life had been so modest, decent, Clark, Leibnits, Bolinbroke, Lerckley, the unassuming-his morals so pure, and his reli pre-established harmony of the universe, the gion so venerated, that they dared not attack nature of matter and of spirit, and the eternal him. In his office were educated to the bar, establishment of coincidences between their two eminent characters, the late judge Lowell, operations; fate, foreknowledge, absolute-and and Josiah Quincy, aptly called the Boston we reasoned on such unfathomable subjects as Cicero. Mr. Thatcher's frame was slender, high as Milton's gentry in pandemonium; and his constitution delicate; whether his physiwe understood them as well as they did, and cians overstained his vessels with mercury, no better. To such mighty mysteries he ad- when he had the small pox by inoculation at ded the news of the day, and the tittle tattle the castle, or whether he was overplyed by of the town. But his favorite subject was po- public anxieties and exertions, the sinalt pox litics, and the impending threatening system left him in a decline from which he never reof parliamentary taxation and universal go-covered. Not long before his death he sent vernment over the colonies. On this subject for me to commit to my care some of his busihe was so anxious and agitated that I have no ness at the bar. I asked him whether he had doubt it occasioned his premature death.-seen the Virginia resolves: "Oh yes-They are From the time when he argued the question of "men! They are noble spirits! It kills me to writs of assistance to his death, he considered "think of the lethargy and stupidity that prethe king, ministry, parliament and nation of "vails here. I long to be out. I will go out. Iwill Great Britain as determined to new model the "go out. I will gointo court, and make a speech colonies from the foundation; to annul all their "which shall be read after my death as my dy charters, to constitute them all royal governments; to raise a revenue in America by parliamentary taxation; to apply that revenue to pay the salaries of governors, judges and all other crown officers; and after all this, to raise as large a revenue as they pleased, to be applied to national purposes at the exchequer in England; and further to establish bishops and the whole system of the church of England

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"ing testimony against this infernal tyranny they are bringing upon us." Seeing the violent agitation into which it threw him, I chang ed the subject as soon as possible, and retired. He had been confined for some time. Had he been abroad among the people he would not have complained so pathetically of the "lethargy and stupidity that prevailed," for town and country were all alive; and in August became

Nor must Mr. Cushing be forgotten. His good sense and sound judgment, the urbanity of his manners, his universal good character, his numerous friends and connections and his continual intercourse with all sorts of people, added to his constant attachment to the liberties of his country, gave him a great and salutary influence from the beginning in 1760.

active enough and some of the people proceed-the church of England with all its creeds, ared to unwarrantable excesses, which were ticles, tests, ceremonies and tythes, and prohimore lamented by the patriots than by their bit all other churches as conventicles and enemies. Mr. Thatcher soon died, deeply la- schism shops. mented by all the friends of their country. Another gentleman who had great influence in the commencement of the revolution, was doctor Jonathan Mayhew, a descendant of the ancient governor of Martha's Vineyard. This divine had raised a great reputation both in Europe and America, by the publication of a volume of seven sermons in the reign of king George the second, 1749, and by many other Let me recommend these hints to the consiwritings; particularly a sermon in 1750, on deration of Mr. Wirt, whose life of Mr. Henthe thirtieth of January, on the subject of ry I have read with great delight. I think, passive obedience and non resistance; in which that after mature investigation he will be conthe saintship and martyrdom of king Charles vinced that Mr. Henry did not "give the first the first, are considered,seasoned with wit and impulse to the ball of independence," and that Satire supe ior to any in wift or Franklin. Otis, Thatcher, Samuel Adams, Mayhew, It was read by every body; celebrated by Hancock, Cushing and thousands of others friends, and abused by enemies. During the were laboring for several years at the wheel reigns of king George the first and king George before the name of Mr. Henry was heard bethe second, the reigns of the Stuarts, the yond the limits of Virginia. two Jamneses and the two Charleses were in If you print this, I will endeavor to send general disgrace in England. In America they you something concerning Samuel Adams, had always been held in abhorrence. The who was destined to a longer career, and to persecutions and cruelties suffered by their an- act a more conspicuous and, perhaps, a more cestors under those reigns, had been transmit- important part than any other man. ted by history and tradition, and Mayhew life would require a volume. If you decline seemed to be raised up to revive all their ani- printing this letter I pray you to return it as mosity against tyranny, in church and state, soon as possible to, and at the same time to destroy their bigotry, fanaticisin and inconsistency. David Hume's plausible, elegant, fascinating and fallacious apology in which he varnished over the crimes of the Stuarts, had not then appeared. To draw the character of Mayhew would be to I am happy in the belief that the contents transcribe a dozen volumes. This transcen of the last REGISTER have had some effect to dant genius threw all the weight of his great prevent the new speculation contemplated by fame into the scale of his country in 1761, and the Bank of the United States, in the signing maintained it there with zeal and ardor till of its notes. A speculation that, working his death in 1766. In 1763 appeared the con- either way, would have rendered it the greattroversy between him and Mr. Apthorp, Mr. est money-mill in the world: thus, the branch at Cauer, Dr. Johnson and Archbishop Secker, Baltimore may charge two per cent. premium on the charter and conduct of the society for for drafts on New-Orleans, &c. whilst that at propagating the gospel in foreign parts. To New-Orleans, &c. draws on Baltimore at par, form a judgment of this debate I beg leave to or, occasionally demands its two per cent. also. refer to a review of the whole, printed at the time and written by Samuel Adams, though by some, very absurdly and erroneously, ascribed to Mr. Apthorp. If I am not mistaken, it will be found a model of candor, sagacity, impartiality and close correct reasoning.

Sir, your humble servant,

But his

JOHN ADAMS.

Bank of the United States.

Thus a snug business, can be done without risk or trouble for the power of management acquired by the government-deposits, enables the skilful "money changers" to meet each others drafts very easily. It is thus that the people's money may be used to oppress them. It is shameful, and scorn should point her slow unmoving finger at it.

If any gentleman supposes this controversy to be nothing to the present purpose, he is grossly mistaken. It spread an universal aların I ventured the opinion in my last paper that against the authority of parliament. It excited "the Bank of the United States was intended a general and just apprehension that bishops for a monopoly from the beginning." I shall and diocesses and churches, and priests and not call hard names or use harsh epithetstythes, were to be imposed upon us by parlia- but I hope to draw such a picture of it, that evement. It was known that neither king nor ry man may determine its character for himministry.nor archbishops,could appoint bishops in America without an act of parliament; and iarliament could tax us they could establish

self. Previously, however, to entering upon the subject I beg leave to observe, by way of explanation, that seeing the matter about this

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