Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to wit:

BE it remembered, that on the eleventh day of May, A. D. 1827, in the fifty-first year of the Independence of the United States of America, John Grigg, of the said district, has deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as proprietor, in the words following, to wit:

"A Treatise on Political Economy; or the Production, Distribution and Consumption of Wealth. By Jean-Baptiste Say. Translated from the fourth edition of the French by C. R. Prinsep, M. A. With notes by the Translator. Second American Edition. Containing a Translation of the Introduction, and additional Notes, by Clement C. Biddle, member of the American Philosophical Society."

In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned:" and also to an act entitled, "An act supplementary to an act, entitled, An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned; and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints.

D. CALDWELL,

Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

J. CRISSY AND G. GOODMAN, PRINTERS.

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

Of what is meant by the term production

Of the different kinds of industry, and the mode in

which they concur in production

Of the nature of productive capital, and the mode

in which it concurs in the business of production

Of the natural agents, that assist in the production

of wealth; and specially of land

Of the mode, in which industry, capital, and natural

agents unite for the purpose of production

Of the operations common to all branches of indus-

try alike

VII. Of the labour of mankind, of nature, and of ma-

chinery respectively

-

-

VIII. Of the advantages and disadvantages, resulting from

the division of labour; and of the extent to which

it may be carried

IX.

X.

XI.

Of the different methods of employing commercial

industry; and the mode in which they concur in

production

Of the transformations undergone by capital, in the

progress of production

Of the formation and multiplication of capital

XII. Of unproductive capital

XIII. Of immaterial products, or values consumed at the

ix

- xxiii

1

3

11

14

17

20

26

32

XVI. Of the benefits, resulting from the brisk circulation

of money or commodities

84

to influence production

XVII. Of the effect of government-regulations, intended

Sect. 1. Effect of regulations prescribing the na-
ture of the products

Digression-Upon what is called the ba-

lance of trade

2. Of the effect of regulations, fixing the

manner of production

3. Of privileged trading companies

4. Of regulations affecting the corn trade

PAGE

88

120

129

134

144

148

160

164

168

XVIII. Of the effect upon national wealth, resulting from

the productive efforts of public authority

XIX. Of colonies and their products

XX.

XXI.

Of temporary and permanent emigration, consi-

dered in reference to national wealth

Of the nature and uses of money

Sect. 1. General remarks

2. Of the material of money

3. Of the accession of value, a commodity

receives, by being vested with the cha-

racter of money

4. Of the utility of coinage; and of the charge

of its execution

5. Of alterations of the standard of money

6. Of the reason why money is neither a sign

7. Of a particularity, that should be attend-

ed to, in estimating the sums mention-

ed in history

170

175

181

188

196

8. Of the absence of any fixed ratio of value,

between one metal and another

11. Of the preferable form of coined money

12. Of the party, on whom the loss of coin

by wear should properly fall

XXII. Of signs or representatives of money

Sect. 1. Of bills of exchange and letters of credit 214

2. Of banks of deposite

3. Of banks of circulation or discount; and

of bank notes, or convertible paper

4. Of paper money

BOOK II.

OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH.

I.

II.

Of the basis of value, and of supply and demand

Of the sources of revenue

III.

Of real and relative variation of price

-

250

IV.

V.

VI.

Of nominal variation of price, and of the peculiar

value of bullion and of coin

-

Of the manner, in which revenue is distributed

amongst society

Of what branches of production yield the most libe-

ral recompense to production agency

VII. Of the revenue of industry:

Sect. 1. Of the profits of industry in general

2. Of the profits of the man of science

3. Of the profits of the master-agent or ad-

venturer in industry

4. Of the profits of the operative labourer

5. Of the independence accruing to the mo-

derns from the advancement of industry

VIII. Of the revenue of capital

Sect. 1. Of loan at interest

2. Of the profit of capital

3. Of the employments of capital most bene-

ficial to society

PAGE

259

-

267

275

278

-

283

284

Of the effect of revenue derived by one nation from

another

325

XI. Of the mode, in which the quantity of the product

affects population:

Sect. 1. Of population, as connected with political

329

I.

II.

III.

IV.

economy

2. Of the influence of the quality of a nation-

al product upon the local distribution of the

population

BOOK III.

OF THE CONSUMPTION OF WEALTH.

Of the different kinds of consumption

Of the effect of consumption in general

Of the effect of productive consumption

Of the effect of unproductive consumption in gen-

eral

V.

Of individual consumption, its motives and its ef

fects

362

VI.

Of public consumption:

Sect. 1. Of the nature and general effect of public

consumption

373

2. Of the principal objects of national expen-

diture

382

Of charges, military and naval

Of the charges of public instruction

PAGE

384

400

Of the charges of public benevolent insti-

tutions

Of the charges of public edifices and works 403

VII. Of the actual contributors to public consumption -

VIII. Of taxation:

IX.

Sect. 1. Of the effect of all kinds of taxation in ge-
neral

-

2. Of the different modes of assessment, and

the classes they press upon respectively -

3. Of taxation in kind

4. Of the territorial or land-tax of England

Of national debt:

405

408

423

438

Sect. 1. Of the contracting of debt by national au-

thority, and of its general effect

2. Of public credit, its basis, and the circum-

stances that endanger its solidity

442

447