Mammoth Trees of California, a symbol of the Chinese Empire-21. Several

respects in which it is the first in the world-23. Peculiar Relations to

United States-Source of our Aborigines-23. Discovery of America—

"Indians" means Chinese-Marco Polo-24. Subsequent efforts to reach

China-Ponce de Leon-Object of Carver's visit to Minnesota-25. Era

of Discovery of Gold in California-Importance of the Immigration of the

Chinese to this Continent-Interest to the Historian, to the Philosopher, to

the Patriot, to the Christian-26. Future of this Immigration-The two

National Elements-Resemblances of the two Countries, of the people-Dif-

ferences, as to History, Arts, Labor, Population-Probable Influence of

China on the New World-Importance of understanding our Relations

and Duties-28. Influence of the two nations on others bordering the

Pacific ocean—

-31.

CHAPTER II.

THE CHINESE PEOPLE: THEIR ORIGIN-RACES IN THE EMPIRE.

Sir John Maundeville's accounts of wonderful races in India, China, etc.—

Wealth of the East-How Diamonds grow-32. Grotesque ideas of our-

selves held by the Chinese-34. Heathen Origin of these fables-Tenden-

cies of Infidel Science-35. Christian Views-36. Fuhi probably means

Noah-Early Colonization-37. First use of Silk-Origin of the name

"China"-38. References to it in the Old Testament and in the New-39.

Name "Tsin" from Tsan, the silkworm-40. Fragments of the Turanian

race in China-41. Expelled by the Aryans-42. Hill-tribes of China—

Remarkable resemblance to our Indians-43. Various Sources of Indian

tribes on this Continent-Note, 44. Number of Population of China-Re-

cent Census-45. Comparison of Censuses of last century-Reasons for

supposing them true-47. Colonial Possessions-Practical bearings of

question of Population-48.

CHAPTER III.

GEOGRAPHY, VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS, ANIMALS.

Remarkable Physical Resemblances between China and the United States, Lati-

tude, Contour, Gulf Stream, Climate, River Systems, Minerals, Vegetable

Productions, Races, Institutions-50. Extent of Empire-Varieties of Cli-

mate, etc.-52. General Aspect-53. Yang-tsz-kiang and Yellow rivers-

55. Provinces of North and East, Peking, Nanking, regions whence Tea

and Silk come-57. Mining regions, Volcanic signs, Petroleum, etc., in the

West-58. Cassia and Camphor districts-59. Description of Canton

Province-60. Manchuria and Colonial Regions north; Ginseng, cause of

first trouble between China and United States, letter from Rev. Jonathan

Edwards-61. Amoor region-62. Mongols-Tibetan tribes-62. For-

mosa and other Islands-64. European nations long counted "tributary”

-64. Zoology-Numerous wild Animals-65. Splendid native Birds-

Fishing Cormorants-Quail-fighting-66. Reptiles-67. Fish, endless

variety-Gold and Silver fish-How brought to America-68. Curious

Insects-68. Splendid Moths-Cricket-fighting-Cicadas-69. Sources of

Wax-Mantis, or Soothsayer-70. Abundance and variety of Vegetable

Productions-71. Tea, sources, cultivation-72. Fortune's botanical ex-

plorations, takes Tea to Assam-72. Difference of Green and Black Tea

-74. Processes of Manufacture-75. Painted green to suit Americans

and English-77. The national Beverage in China, Tartary, etc.-78.

Chinese Eulogies upon it-79. Rice, its Cultivation-79. Simplicity of

Agricultural Implements-80. Sugar and its uses-81. Cultivation of

Cotton and Mulberry-Silk-82. Bamboo, its uses-Paper and Printing

-83. Camphor and Tallow trees-Japan, or Lacker varnish-87.

CHAPTER IV.

SOCIAL LIFE, AMUSEMENTS, POPULAR FESTIVALS, THE GOVERNMENT.

Chinese Civilization and Refinement, peculiar but genuine-88. Style of Houses

and Furniture-89. Cabinets, Lanterns and Ornaments-91. Condition of

Women-Dress of Ladies-91. Dress of Gentlemen-93. Visiting, Social

Customs-94. Dress of Common People-95. Boat-people-The Queue

-96. Tables of the Rich-Birds'-nest Soup-Sharks' fins-97. Customs

in eating and drinking-97. Cookery-98. Rob't Fortune's description

of an Inn-99. Amusements-Gambling-Kite-flying-Shuttlecock—101.

Theatrical Performances described by Tiffany-102. Religious Forms-

New Year the great Festival-Trying to Debtors-107. Feast of Lanterns

-Dragon-boat Festival-110. Public reading of Moral Essays, the Sacred

Commands-112. Abundance of Schools-114. Examinations of Boys-

115. Examinations of Candidates for degrees-116. Higher degrees, re-

joicings over successful Candidates-117. Number and Character of Civil

officers-119. Power and responsibility of highest Officers-120. Peking,

the present Capital-Description of city-122. Principal Temples-Scenes

in Streets-The new part-Triumphal Arches-124.

CHAPTER V.

THE PATRIARCHAL AGE IN CHINA.

First nine Sovereigns of China-Arts they introduced-First Silk-weaving and

Husbandry—127. Imperial honor rendered to Agriculture-128. Early

Inventions-Division of Time by sixties, like Chaldeans-129. Chinese

origin of Mariner's Compass-130. Foundation of Political Institutions-

Gradual Population of the Country-130. Beginning of authentic History

-131. Chinese Coinage-Useful implement for counting-Division of

Weights and Measures by decimals-133. Markets-Hunting - Early

Commerce-Warfare-135. Honor to Education-Estimation of the art

of Writing-Industry of females in the manufacture of Silk-138. Strug-

gles of rival kingdoms-Beginnings of Commerce across the Continent-

140. Era of Babylonish Captivity-Colony of Jews upon the Yellow river

-Purpose of Dispersion of Jews-141. Age of Confucius the turning-point

in Chinese history-Life and Character of Confucius-144. Account of his

Writings-148. Their Moral Influence-Stationary Character of Chinese

Institutions-151.

CHAPTER VI.

AUGUSTAN AGE IN CHINA.

China during the Augustan Age in Rome, its extent and greatness-153.

"Prince of Peace" on the throne at the Birth of Christ-Universal Expec-

tation of Christ-155. Chi Hwang-ti, Founder of the first General Dynasty

-155. Building of the Great Wall, stupendous character of the Work-

156. Destruction by this Emperor of previous Literature-Burial of wife

and slaves with him at Death-158. Usurpation of throne by Liu-pang-

159. Invasions of the Tartars-160. Invention of Paper and Books-161.

Paper brought to Europe by the Arabs-162. Invention of Ink-163.

Slavery-164. Traces of the Apostles-164. Introduction and Character

of Buddhism-165. Native System of Tauism-The Elixir of Life-The

Philosopher's Stone-166. Roman Embassy to China-168. Chinese En-

voys to Western Nations-169. Frequent Rebellions-169. Interference

of Women with Government-171. Employments of Common People-

Social Customs-Rules as to Names of Children-Laws as to Inheritance

171. Costumes of People-Faith in Omens and Astrology-174.

CHAPTER VII.

THE MIDDLE AGES IN CHINA.

Superiority of China to Western Nations in the Middle Ages-176. The

Ancient. Capitals-177. Tartar Invasions-178. Umbrella an Ancient

Emblem of Royalty-Note i., 178. Luxuriousness of the Tsin Dynasty

-178. Revolution under Liu-yiu-180. Five Dynasties in Rapid Suc-

cession-181. Extensive Trade with Arabians and Persians-181. Silk

brought to Europe by Nestorian Missionaries-182. Illustrious Race of

Tang-183. Justice of Tai-tsung-184. Famous Christian Statesman,

Kwoh tsz-i-Labors of Nestorian Missionaries-185. Canals and increase

of Trade-185. Han-lin, or Imperial College-186. Literature for the

Young-187. Advance of Arab Commerce-Mohammedans in China-

Extant Narrative of two Mohammedan Travelers-Their account of Tea

-188. Custom of binding the Feet adopted-190. Corruption of the

Court-Invention of Printing-192. Establishment of the Lung Dynasty

-193. Irruptions of the Tartars-Famous Porcelain Factories in Kiang-

si-Exports of Silks and Spices-Decline of the Empire-195. Conquests

of the Mongols in Asia-Become Masters of China-196.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE MONGOL DYNASTY.

Closer Communion of China with sister Nations-Romantic history of Zingis

Khan-198. Conquest of China by Kublai Khan-His illustrious Cha-

racter-199. Capital established at Peking-201. Paper Money-Grand

Canal opened, Utility of it-202. Residence of Matteo and Nicolo Polo

in China-Sent as Ambassadors to the Pope of Rome-204. Visit of

Marco Polo-Valuable Narrative of his Travels-206. His Description

of the Improvements made by Kublai Khan-Accommodations for Trav-

elers-Extent and good order of Cities-208. War with the Japanese

-211. Grand Festival on Birth-day of Emperor-212. The Imperial

Palaces-Tartar Hunts-214. Extent of Mongol Dominions-216. Favor

to Buddhism—217. Decay of Mongols-217. A poor lad rises to the Im-

perial Throne-218. Comparison of China and Europe at that Period-

219. Character of Marco Polo-219.

CHAPTER IX.

THE LAST NATIVE DYNASTY-THE MING.

Emperor Tai-tsu, his Reforms in the Government and in Buddhist Monasteries

-221. Conflicts for the Succession-222. Proposed Invasion of China by

Tamerlane, his Death-223. First Arrival of Portuguese-Their Piracies

-224. Ferdinand Mendez Pinto and his Companions-Their Crimes-

Well flogged by the Chinese-225. First Portuguese Embassy-229. Es-

tablishment of Portuguese Colony of Macao-230. Romish Missions-

Francis Xavier-231. Spaniards at the Philippine Islands-Colony estab-

lished at Manila-232. Visit of Spanish Monks to China-Sent home-

232. Commencement of other Romish Missions-233. Emperor Wan-

lieh-Red Book, or Court Calendar-233. Anarchy in the Country-Way

prepared for the Manchu Tartars-Father of Wu San-kwei-234. Down-

fall of the Ming Family-238. Dutch first come to China--Settlement on

Pescadore Islands-On Formosa-Dutch Protestant Missions-238. Eng-

lish open Trade-Captain Weddell, Destruction of Chinese Forts and Junks

-240. French in China-242.

CHAPTER X.

THE MANCHU DYNASTY-FIRST EMPERORS.

Careful Education of the Young-Emperor Shun-chi-243. Destruction of

Nanking-Famous maritime chief Koshinga-243. The Queue, a badge

of Subjection-Black Turban worn in Fu-kien-244. Form of the Present

Government-Private Cabinet-General Council-Six Boards: Civil Office,

Finance, Rites, War, Punishments, Public Works-246. Embassy from

Russian Emperor Alexis-Disputes about ko-tau-249. Dutch Embassy-

Their Compliance-250. Influence of Jesuit Adam Schaal-253. Troubles

of the Dutch on Formosa-254. Quarrels of Romanist Monks and their

Effects-256. Subjection of Formosa-257. Description of the Island-

Traces of Dutch Missions-258. Greatness of Emperor Kang-hi-261.

Jesuits cast Cannon for him, prepare Almanacs-Handsome presents made

by them, their success-Become Politicians and Ambassadors-263. Kang-

hi's wars with Eleuth and other Tartars-Rejoicings on Sixtieth Anni-

versary of his Accession to the Throne-270. Spring Festival, Emperor

Ploughing-271. Kang-hi's "Sacred Instructions," account of the Book

-274. His Literary Character-276. Troubles with Mongols-277. Eng-

lish obtain a footing-First exports of Tea-East India Company-Quarrels

with the Chinese-278. New Embassy of Dutch-280. Successive Mis-

sions of Russia-281. Overland Tea-286. Installation of Emperor Yung-

ching-Severe Persecution of Romanists-288. Mild Character of Em-

peror-289. Russian Trade at Kiakhta-290. Mourning at the Decease

of an Emperor-292. Chinese Funeral Rites-294.

CHAPTER XI.

THE GREAT KIEN-LUNG.

Resemblance of Kien-lung to Kang-hi-Extraordinary Length of their Reigns

-296. Princes of the Empire-297. Persecutions of the Jesuits-299.