Conquests in Western Tartary-Defeat in Burmah-299. Wars with the

Mountain Tribes-300. British Embassy of Lord Macartney, Origin in

trouble with Hong Merchants-Narrative of their Journey to Peking-303.

Their Reception at the Palace of Jeh-ho-311. Dignity and Condescension

of Kien-lung-313. Amusements-Tartar ladies-Anniversary of the Em-

peror's Birth-day-315. Return of the British Embassy-317. Accession

of Kia-king-His Profligate Habits-Courageous Rebuke by a Minister-

Dissatisfaction of the People-319. New Efforts to expel Roman Priests

-322. Increase of Piracy-A Female Corsair-Unsettled state of Country

-322. Emperor's Life saved by his Son-325. Unsuccessful British Em-

bassy of Lord Amherst-325. Floods in the Yellow river-327.

CHAPTER XII.

TAU-KWANG AND THE OPIUM WAR.

Insurrections among the Tartar tribes-Among the Mountain tribes of the In-

terior-329. Causes of the Opium War-Immense amount of Opium

smuggled-331. Lord Napier arrives as Superintendent of British Com-

merce, his unhappy Death-333. Succeeded by J. F. Davis, he by Cap-

tain Elliott-Increase of Smuggling-335. Celebrated Chinese Commis-

sioner Liu-Twelve Millions of Dollars' worth of Opium destroyed—336.

English establish themselves at Hong-kong-338. Naval battle at the

Bogue-339. Chinese Army-340. Taking of the Island of Chu-san-

Negotiations at Tien-tsin-Return to Canton-341. Terrible battle at

Bogue Forts-Slaughter of the Chinese-343. Ransom of Canton for six

millions of Dollars-345. Sir Henry Pottinger as Plenipotentiary-Cap-

ture of Amoy-346. Brave defence of Chiu-hai by the Tartars-Fearful

slaughter of them-348. Beautiful Country about Ningpo and Hang-chau

-349. Capture of Ningpo-351. Characteristic Appeal of People to

British army-352. Bloody battle with Tartars at Cha-pu-353. Fleet

in the Yang-tsz-kiang-354. Desperate defence of Chiu-kiang-Suicide

of the Tartar General-355. City of Nanking-Porcelain Pagoda—An-

cient Glory of the City-Treaty of Peace-356. Stipulations of the Treaty

-Twenty-one millions of Dollars paid for Opium and British expenses-

358. Resistance to opening of Fuh-chau-359. Advantages of port of

Shanghai-360. Improvements at Hong-kong-361. Hostile Publications

of Chinese and mobs at Canton-361. Bad Character of Hong-kong—363.

Effects of Opium War upon the Emperor Tau-kwang-Upon the Chinese
people-364. Interest felt in Europe-Hon. Caleb Cushing Ambassador
from United States-Treaty of Wang-hia-Hon. A. H. Everett, Resident
Minister-365. General distress in China-Rebellions in Kokonor,

etc.-Energy of Liu-366. Death of Tau-kwang-His amiable Character

-367.

CHAPTER XIII.

RESULTS OF THE OPIUM WAR.

Opium War, Great Crisis in the history of China-370. Opium, ancient use

as a Narcotic by Greeks, Hebrews, etc.-371. Introduction from India-

372. Destructive Effects-Resistance of Chinese Government-Immense

Injury to the people-373. Enormous Profit to Great Britain-Its Respon-

sibility-375. Effect on Christian Missions-Darkest Stain on the Nine-

teenth Century-377. Connection of America with it-Duty of Great

Britain-379. Robert Morrison, first Protestant Missionary-His transla-

tions of Scriptures and Dictionary—Bridgeman, first American Missionary

-The Chinese Repository-381. New Translations-Preaching in Chinese

-Missionary Hospitals-381. Mission Schools and extensive Results-383.

Succession of Hien-fung to the throne-Disorders in the country-384.

Hung Sew-tsuen receives Christian Books-Beginning of the Tai-ping Re-

bellion-Bright promise, sad End, partial good Results-385. New War

with Great Britain and France-Origin in Opium smuggling-390. Bom-

bardment of Canton-Capture of Forts on the Pei-ho-Treaty of Tien-tsin-

Heavy Assessment for expenses-Legalization of Opium trade-391. Fail-

ure of Chinese government to Ratify-Capture of Peking-Sacking of the

Summer Palace-Death of the Emperor-393. New Ports opened-Treaties

with various European Powers-395. French Protection to Romanism-

Present State of Romish Missions-Reason of Opposition of Government to

them-396. Russian Treaty-Accession of territory on the Amoor river-

Prospective Colonization and importance-399. Present condition of For-

eign Commerce with China-401. Opening of Route by Isthmus of Suez

-Its History and Importance-402. Late Rebellions-Mohammedans of

South-west-405. Troops drilled by American and European Officers-

Advantages gained by them-Rejection of Vessels of War purchased in

Great Britain-406. Youthful Emperor Tung-chi-Regency of Empress

Dowager and Prince Kung-407.

CHAPTER XIV.

AMERICAN RELATIONS WITH THE CHINESE EMPIRE.

Early Trade of East India Company with American Indians-410. Resistance
to Introduction of Tea-Destruction of cargoes at Boston-First American
ship to China-Beginning of Fur trade-411. Effect upon Discovery on
our Pacific coast-Expedition of Lewis and Clarke-Enterprises of Astor-
Benefits to United States-412. Influence in Christianizing Sandwich and
other Islands-415. Advancement of the art of Ship-building-Era of
Clipper Ships-Of Steam Vessels-417. Important Provisions of treaty of
Wang-hia-419. Friendly feeling to the United States-Interesting Trib-

ute of Seu Ki-yu's Geography to George Washington-Present of Portrait

to him from our Government-His Degradation and restoration to power

-420. New American treaty-Its Provisions-First Announcement by

the Atlantic Cable-426. Recent Development of Foreign trade-Danger

of Alienation of Chinese territory-427. Honorable career of Mr. Burlin-

game-Origin of Mission to Western Powers-429. Recent treaty with

China, its Effects-Honors to the Embassy-431. Treaty with England,

Presentation to Queen-Address of Lord Stanley-433. Treaties with

other European Powers-Probable Effects-435.

CHAPTER XV.

ANCIENT CONNECTIONS WITH THIS CONTINENT.

Variety of Races found on this Continent-Civilization of Aztecs, Toltees,

Peruvians, etc.-438. Question of their Origin-438. Asiatic Source-

Dates of their Arrival-438. Evidence from Agencies of Nature-Great

Ocean Currents, Pacific Gulf Stream-Courses of Winds, Monsoons-Ty-

phoons-439. Evidence from Recent Wrecks on our coast-Japanese and

Chinese junks, Remains on this Continent and the neighboring Islands—442.

Spread of the Malay family among Pacific islands-444. Evidence from

Legends among Asiatic nations, Tartars, Japanese, etc.-445. Translation

from Chinese Encyclopædia, on Fu-sang-Interesting Discussions as to Ap-

plication-Opinions of eminent Scholars-446. Corroborations from Aztec

Customs, etc.-Letters of Cortez-Oriental character of Aztec life and insti-

tutions-Answer to objections-Aztecs certainly Buddhists-Other Legends

-449. Evidence from Resemblances of Modern American Languages and

Customs to Asiatic-454. Tribes on either side of Behring's straits-Re-

semblances of Tchuktchis, Malemutes, Esquimaux, etc.-455. Athapascas

and Apaches-456. Customs and Legends in Peru, Oriental and Buddhist

-457. Remains of Wonderful Military Roads, described by Humboldt-

459. Future of Peru and Mexico-461.

CHAPTER XVI.

CHINESE IMMIGRATION.

Ancient Separation of Old and New Hemispheres-Anglo-Saxon Occupation of

New-Tuition of African Race-Advent of Asiatic-462. Emigrations of

Chinese Races in former Ages-463. To other Asiatic Regions-Chinese

in Indian Archipelago-Pleasing picture of Chinese Life in Borneo-In

Java-464. Reasons for opposition to Intercourse-468. Commencement

of Immigration here-Early Usefulness-470. Interest in them, subsequent

Opposition-471. All from Province of Canton-472. No Coolies in Cali-

fornia-What are Coolies?-No Caste in China-473. Motives and Means

of Emigration-478. Hindù Coolies in Guiana-479. Chinese in Cuba

-In Peru and Chincha Islands-Terrible Crimes of Coolie trade-479

Prohibitions of by various Nations-English, French and American Con-

ventions with Chinese Government-483. Validity of Contracts for Labor

-485. Extent of future Immigration-Causes of Increase in the Past--

486. Number of Chinese in California-487. Their Dispersion over other

States, Territories and Countries-488. Influence of Varieties of Popula-

tion of different Provinces on future Immigration-489. They must be

treated as Freemen-Laws necessary for Emigrant Ships-490. Fidelity

to Contracts-491. Families should be brought-Our Duty-492.

CHAPTER XVII.

CHINESE LABOR.

Elements which make Chinese Labor peculiar-493. Its Characteristics-In-

dustry of the People-Exhibitions of this in China-Illustrations to foreign-

ers-494. Economy-Utilization of Materials-Regard for Utensils, Time,

etc.-Wages-496. Intelligence-General Information-Cheerfulness and

Patience in Work-497. Variety of Employments-Early Occupations in

this Country-499. Faults of Chinese-500. Difference in Individuals-

Practical Difficulties in Employing Chinese-502. Fields for Application

of Chinese Labor-Characteristic of Servants-502. Usefulness in Agricul-

ture-Value in California-503. Cultivation of Cotton-Original Seats of

it in Asia-Cotton Regions of China-Peculiar Adaptation of Pacific Coast

to Cotton-504. British Plans for Cotton Culture in Indian Archipelago-

Superiority of our Advantages-506. Manufacture of Silk, its great Value

-Extraordinary Advantages of Pacific coast-Chinese Labor an important

item-509. Silk at recent Agricultural Fair-Japanese Colony-Compari-

son of Japanese and Chinese-510. Variety of Moths which produce Silk,

a provision for various climates-512. English Experiments in India—

Varieties in China and America-English Silk Supply Association-513.

Manufacture of Silk in the United States, Extent, Results, Prospects-517.

Other Chinese Textile Plants-520. Introduction of Tea-Success of Brit-

ish in Assam-Tea Plant in Java, Brazil and our Southern States-521.

Rice-Sugar-Fruits-Pea-nuts-Value of Bamboo-523. Capacity of Chi-

nese as Common Laborers-Workmen in factories-Miners-524. Em-

ployment on Public Works-Our Debt to them in construction of Pacific

Railroad-Immense Field for their employment-525. Value as Con-

sumers of American products-527. Favorable Testimonials from various

classes of Americans-528.

CHAPTER XVIII.

POPULAR GOVERNMENT IN CHINA.

Objectionable Sources of Information as to Chinese institutions-Roman Priests,
British Opium Traders-531. Juster Estimate needed-Resemblance to

the United States-532. Analogies in Ancient Rome-In India-In

Russia-534. Leading Features of the Chinese Government-Beautiful

Theory of the Imperial power-537. Principles of the Administration of

it-Preferment based on Education-Interest of Literary Examination-

538. Guards against Abuses-Detachment from Local Influences-Term

of Office three years-Imperial Board of Review-System of Official Re-

ports-"The Peking Gazette"-540. Popular Organizations-The Clan-

Analogy to Jewish Kindreds-General Benefits, Number and Influence-

543. Trade Associations or Guilds-547. Local government by Town

and District Councils - Resistance to Foreigners after Opium War-To

Imperial Government-Robber in the Wa-lam Temple-547. Disturb-

ances at Canton-Bombardment of the City by English and French Allies

-549. Opinions of Eminent Scholars-550. Practical Corruptions and

Abuses-Foundations for Better Things-551.

CHAPTER XIX.

THE CHINESE COMPANIES IN CALIFORNIA.

Continual Puzzle to Americans-Absurd Stories-554. Ui-kuns or Companies

-Description of a Building in San Francisco-Account of Members-555.

Translation of "Rules of the Yeung-wo Company"-Membership-Fees-

Regulations as to Building-Provisions as to Charity-Settlement of Dif-

ficulties-557. Conduct of Members-Rules as to Meetings-Arrangements

for Collecting of Debts-Officers to be elected, their Duties-560. Amusing

attempt of a Company to be freed from Taxes-Introduction of first Idol-

564. Translation of Account of Sze-yap Company-Property-Membership

-Numbers-Fees-Objects for which Money is expended-Officers elected

-No Slaves-565. General Character-Utility and Propriety of these In-

stitutions-567. Objections to permanent Continuance-569.

CHAPTER XX.

A REMONSTRANCE TO CONGRESS.

Scene in Chinese Mining Camp-Night attack of Robbers-A Remarkable Plea,

and its Confirmation-572. Barbarous Occurrence at a Mining Bar-573.

Cloud of Villains around Chinese Camps-Conscientiousness in Robbing

Heathen-Illuminating influence of an act of Justice-574. Acts of vio-

lence by Tax-collectors-575. Threefold cover to Atrocities-Astonishing

Decision of Supreme Court of California-Prudent Conduct of the Chinese

-576. Gov. Bigler's Messages-Admirable Reply of Lai Chun-chuen-

Extracts-Why Families are not brought-Why Chinese Customs differ

from ours-Objections to Gamblers answered-Charges of bad character

replied to Protest against being confounded with Negroes and Indians-

Willingness to leave the Country-578. Repeal of Oppressive Law-581.