that that abbey was at first dedicated to two Keltic saints. The shamrock occurs on work of, I believe, the thirteenth century in the Cathedral of Raphoe. But my query referred to Great Britain, and not to Hibernia. E. S. DODGSON. "LOKE (12 S. i. 510).-In Halliwell's 'Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words the second meaning of "loke "A private road or path. East." is In The English Dialect Dictionary' it is also attributed to East Anglia :— "Also written loak Nrf. e Suf.; and in form look Nrf. [lok.] A lane, a short, narrow, blind lane, a 'cul-de-sac'; a grass road, a private lane or road." ROBERT PIERPOINT. This is defined in the 'N.E.D.' as a short lane having no outlet; a cul-de-sac. The word occurs frequently in the earlier works of Mr. James Blyth, the present-day East Anglian novelist. W. B. H. 66 a narrow lane or A "loke is defined in the Funk & Wagnalls Dictionary as road, especially one closed at one end; also a gateway or wicket." In Kent the word is used to signify a private roadway. This meaning also is given to it in the Century Dictionary.' R. VAUGHAN GOWER. Matfield, Kent. I am away from my books, but "loke" means a narrow way-not (I think) available for wheels or draught animals. It is in common use all over Norfolk and, I fancy, East Anglia. We have several lokes HIC ET UBIQUE. herc. Reepham, Norfolk. I find in Wright's Provincial Dictionary' (1857): Loke, (1) v. A.-S., to look; (2) part. p. locked; (3) s., the hatch of a door." H. T. BARKER. THREE-A-PENNY COLONELS" (12 S. i. 510).-This allusion is doubtless a variant on the playful references of Sir W. S. Gilbert's witty song for Don Alhambra in 'The Gondoliers,' beginning "There lived king." The well-known lines run thus :Lord Chancellors were cheap as sprats, And Bishops in their shovel hats Were plentiful as tabby cats In point of fact, too many; And Dukes were three a penny. On every side Field-Marshals gleamed; All round his wide dominions...... SIR WALTER SCOTT: AN UNPUBLISHED LETTER (12 S. i. 446).-My attention has been called to this communication. Lockhart's letter, given as dated Nov. 5, 1826, announces I understand that there was such an enthe engagement of his daughter to my father. gagement, but certainly not in 1826, as that was the year in which my father was born. 1846 is a possible date for the engagement to have taken place; in which case the Sir W. Scott referred to must be the second baronet. HAMILTON MORE NISBETT. The New Club, Edinburgh. Sir Walter Scott's biographer was married in 1820. His only daughter was his third born child, who married Mr. Hope. It is therefore obvious that Lockhart could not possibly have been writing about his daughter's marriage in 1826. W. E. WILSON. Hawick. WILLIAM MILDMAY, HARVARD COLLEGE, 1647 (12 S. i. 488). As the Mildmay family were of Essex, I wrote to Mr. Frederic Chancellor of Bellefield, Chelmsford, our chral Monuments of Essex,' and he has antiquarian authority, the author of Sepulkindly searched and sends particulars, which I forward. He answers some of the questions asked by MR. ALBERT MATTHEWS of Boston. "1. Sir Walter Mildmay of Apethorp had two sons, Anthony and Humphrey. Sir Henry of Wanstead was a son of Humphrey. Sir Henry had two sons, William and Henry. William was therefore a great-grandson of Sir Walter of Apethorp. "There is a marble slab in the north aisle of Danbury Church with this inscription : "Here lyeth interred ye body of Willm Mildmay, Kat, and of Dame Anne his wife, one of the Esq (eldest son of Sr Henry Mildmay of Wanstead, daughters and coheirs of Wm Holliday, Alderman а of London). Hee dyed June the first, 1682, aged 60 years, leaving his most loving and beloved wife Mary, eldest daughter of John Brewster of Wyfield, in the parish of Barking in the County of Essex, Esq, his executrix.' Over the inscription is the achievement: Arms, Quarterly of 4,1 and 4, Mildmay; 2 and 3, [Sable] three helmets [argent, garnished or] within a bordure engrailed [of the second], Holyday. Impaling [Sable] a chevron [ermine] between three estoiles [argent], Brewster. "2. In connexion_with_this College it is interesting to note that John Harvard, founder of the celebrated Harvard College, Cambridge, America, was educated at Emmanuel College; consequently at the tercentenary festival of that College on June 19, 1884, Harvard was represented by Charles Eliot Norton, Professor there of the History of Art. "Sir Henry St. John Mildmay also attended the festival as representative of the founder's family." Barking, Essex. W. W. GLENNY. This gentleman is alluded to in A Memoir of the Mildmay Family,' by Col. Herbert St. John Mildmay (published in 1913 by John Lane), where his marriage and place of interment are mentioned. 66 LATIN CONTRACTIONS (12 S. i. 468).— Expoitorum" is a regular contraction for expositorum." Onens seems to be a misprint for oneris,' the accountant's charge. "Pli" perhaps for Xli." 66 66 in a turban and quite impossible dress, and Notes on Books. European Characters in French Drama of the Eighteenth Century. By Harry Kurz. (New York, Columbia University Press, 6s. 6d. net.) THE general idea of this book is decidedly a good one; and it was also a good plan to limit its scope to the period between the time of Louis XIV. and the French Revolution, and, again, to deal principally with works which, not being the product of genius, may be taken to represent all the more truly the ideas of the average Frenchman of the time. As was to be expected, the best chapter is that on the English, as portrayed by the eighteenth-century French dramatist, and the next best that on the Germans. In particular there are some interesting and entertaining paragraphs about the French dramatic use of German music and musiclovers. The material for these two studies is fairly lively, and a decidedly good feature of the book is the apt and lavish-but not too lavish-use of quotation. The indications of the political situation between France and the several nations concerned, though slight, are for their purpose sufficient; and, even if the arrangement of the subject-matter is somewhat mechanical, it can justify itself on the score of being easy to refer to. The book has, however, one or two fundamental defects. In the first place, the reader is given no idea as to the source or nature of the plays to be drawn upon. Every cultivated person knows He was the eldest son of Sir Henry Mildmay of Wanstead, and of Shawford, Hants. He was, thus, the grandson of Sir Humphrey Mildmay of Danbury (William, indeed, was buried at Danbury), and the great-grandson of Sir Walter Mildmay of Apethorpe, Danbury, and Queen-Camel (Hazelgrove), Chancellor of the Exchequer to Queen Elizabeth, and founder of Em-something about Voltaire and Beaumarchais, and may be expected to remember the story of Figaro, manuel College, Cambridge. I believe and the circumstances of Voltaire's sojourn in William left no issue. S. GN. England, or, if he does not, to be able readily to refresh his memory. But such well-known names are most rare. The greater number of these plays— not that they are actually very numerous-must be unknown to the majority of readers to whom such a work as this could be of any use, and, besides that, difficult of access. It is idle to write allusively of the characters they contain, and of their authors also, as if these were Shakespeare, Molière, or Goethe, the heroes a Harpagon or a Faust, and the heroines a Rosalind or a Gretchen There should at least have been a list of the plays to be examined, and some methodical, though it might have been brief, account of the playwrights. And when we say "examined" we are reminded of our second grievance against the compiler. There is a considerable parade made of an intention to examine into things, and, after some pages have been filled, considerable parade in the way of said intervening pages no effective examination of recapitulation of things examined. anything has taken place; partly because the method is so extraordinarily casual that it does injustice to the matters collected together, and partly because these matters themselves are too tion. A good deal of what is said might be fairly slight, too literally insignificant to bear examinachallenged on exactly the same grounds as those upon which one would challenge conclusions about J. J. B. PLAYING CARDS SIXTY YEARS AGO (12 S. i. 468, 514).—I think Disraeli's memory was at fault. It was not upon the ace of spades (which bore only the Lion and Unicorn and Garter motto around the ace, surmounted by the crown, and the amount of the duty, then one and sixpence) that the Great Mogul appeared, but upon the wrapper. They were called Great Mogul cards, and I remember playing with them as a boy in the late fifties, but I think they must have belonged to a considerably earlier period. An unopened pack which lies before me as I write has an unmistakably Georgian aspect it might even be eighteenth century. The Eastern monarch is depicted on the wrapper But in those Bohemia drawn from 'The Winter's Tale.' No sort of attempt is made to eliminate the personal factor, to distinguish between commonplaces of French thought, and the individual whims, opinions, or designs of the different dramatists. In fact, as a piece of rather extended literary work, it is so sketchy, so uncritical, so lacking in grip, that it makes a sad impression of triviality. We venture to think that the more solid and better equipped of American men of letters should turn their minds to criticizing and castigating the increasing output of studies of the kind before us-in which a sound idea, a good subject, is lighted on, but brought to nothing by the lack of genuine work upon it, by the triviality of the treatment. We are beginning to think that some constitutional difference of ear, of taste for style in diction, renders an English lover of letters incapable of guessing the effect of American writing on American ears, and therefore-it may be-hardly a trustworthy judge of it. But the same disability does not exist in regard to clichés not of phrase, but of thought, or to outworn generalizations and mixed metaphors, and these-both in the book before us, and in some others we have recently looked into which came to us from America-we also venture to deprecate. Sappho and the Sapphic Metre in English. With Bibliographical Notes by Edwin Marion Cox. (Chiswick Press, 18. net.) THE history of translations of Sappho into English does not offer any particulars of a specially exciting nature. The first attempt was that of John Hall, who in his translation of Longinus On the Sublime,' published in 1652, did into English the Ode embedded therein. Dr. Cox cites this in full, as he does the version of the same poem made by Pulteney in his rendering of Longinus from a French translation. There is obviously little to be said in favour of either; nor need we dissent from the slight measure of praise allotted to Ambrose Philips and those who immediately followed him. Yet some account must be taken of the value of words as words. A writer in The Atlantic Monthly for 1894 is quoted as making enthusiastic, but certainly well justified observations on the Greek language from this point of view; but neither he nor our author mentions a circumstance which must continually be borne in mind in estimating old translations-and that is the continuous change in the poetical value of words, and still more of phrases. It is probable that the seventeenth-century lines which affect us with chill carried to seventeenth-century ears something of the force of restrained passion which we associate more readily with brief homely words. We are, it seems clear, much nearer the peculiar Greek sense for the value of words than our forefathers were; and, like the Greeks, we tend in poetry to interpose layers of rich and subtle imagery, forming a language within a language, between the actual words and the centre of the thought. Bearing this in mind, and noting how strongly poetic tradition descends-observing, too, what excellence in translation has here and there recently been attained-we hope that there will yet be a twentieth-century English version of the Hymn to Aphrodite, more excellent than any hitherto, and even worthy to stand beside the original. Dr. Cox gives us two interesting examples of his own achievements in this line: we like both. -a We wondered why so sensitive and exact a reader as he shows himself chose to add "silver word that counts a good deal usually-to Δέδυκε μὲν ἁ σελλάνα, and also to ignore in this line the force of the idea of "setting" contained in the first word. The information put together in this brochure should prove welcome to students, for some of it, if wanted, might have to be sought with trouble. A tabular conspectus of the works referred to would not have taken up much space and would have been useful: and some of the paragraphs might with advantage have been divided up, in order to be easier of reference. The Influence of Ancient Egyptian Civilization in the East and in America. By G. Elliot Smith, F.R.S. (Manchester, University Press.) Dr. Elliot THE reader must not expect too much from the alluring title of this tractate of 32 pp. Smith, in a concise lecture, presents us with the merest outline of the conclusions at which he has arrived elsewhere. But the arguments and proofs which led to these conclusions must be sought in the larger works to which he makes reference. Our curiosity consequently is stimulated rather than gratified. The thesis which he seeks to establish is that the essential elements of the ancient civilization of America, as well as those of India, Northern Asia, the Malay Archipelago, and Oceania, were brought to them about the eighth century B.C. by migrations of mariners from the Eastern Mediterranean, and that these early wanderers were Phoenicians in search of gold and pearls. There is, of course, nothing new in this suggestion. He refers, indeed, to the more recent researches of the late Terrien de la Couperie into the connexion between the Sumerian and ancient Chinese scripts, but he seems to have missed the valuable investigations of our Oxford scholar, Dr. C. J. Ball, on the same subject, with which he would do well to make himself acquainted. HIDDEN RELATIONSHIPS CONTAINED IN WILLS. MR. GERALD FOTHERGILL (11 Brussels Road, New Wandsworth, S.W.) writes: "All genealogists know that wills are at present only indexed under the testator's surname. 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