Bulletin of the American Geographical Society of New York

=ST. JAMES; SAN JOSE ST. JOSEPH ;-SAN JUAN=St. JOHN.

PORTUGUESE: bahia bay, cabo=cape, recife=reef, sérra mountains, cordilheira=a chain of mountains, rio river (water), bárra a narrow entrance;―cidade= city, villa (village), town, city; pór to harbor; o sánto (plur. os sántos)=the saint ;—Lúis=Lewis, Pédro = Peter; - Roque (Roke) = Rochus ;-madétro=wood; sélva forest; matto copsewood, bushes;-mina (plur. minas)=mine; ouro=gold;—espinhaço=(the spine, and) a ridge of mountain; Janétro=January;— nortenorth, sul-south, bránco=white, negro-black, preto= black, grósso large, grande=great, bello (fem. bélla)= beautiful, seguro secure, alegre=(vivid), frequented, gerál (plur. geráes)=general; diamantino (fem. diamantina)=rich in diamonds; são=saint, holy ;—tōdo (plur. tōdos)=all; o (plur. os)=the (masc.), de=of (genit., with the masc. article: do=of the).

BAHIA DE TODOS OS SANTOS BAY OF ALL THE SAINTS (discovered on All Saints' Day, in 1503). — CABO BRANCO THE WHITE CAPE;-CABO DE SAN ROQUE= CAPE OF ST. ROCHUS (so named because it was discovered on the 16th of August, 1502, the day of St. Rochus); -SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO THE RIDGE OF MOUNTAINS;— CORDILHEIRA GRANDE THE GREAT CORDILHEIRA (the great chain of mountains);-CORDILHEIRA GERAL THE GENERAL CORDILHEIRA. - RIO BRANCO THE WHITE RIVER, a tributary of the RIO NEGRO THE BLACK RIVER; RIO GRANDE DO SUL GREAT RIVER OF THE SOUTH (River and Province in Southern Brazil, so called in distinction from the RIO GRANDE DO NORTE GREAT RIVER OF THE NORTH; MADEIRA=WOOD RIVER (it

carries along great tree-trunks in times of floods);— SELVAS FORESTS;-MATTO GROSSO THICK COPSE WOOD; -MINAS GERAES GENERAL MINES.

BAHIA (city)=BAY;-(Cidade de) RECIFE (de Pernambuco)=(city on the) REEF (of Pernambuco);-VILLA BELLA=THE BEAUTIFUL VILLAGE, or city;-PORTO SEGURO=THE SECURE HARBOR ;-PORTO ALEGRE=THE FREQUENTED HARBOR; RIO DE JANEIRO WATER OF JANUARIUS (it is situated on an arm of the sea named "Janeiro," probably from its discovery by Solis on the feast-day of Januarius, January 1, 1501);-BARRA DO RIO NEGRO THE NARROW ENTRANCE INTO THE BLACK RIVER OURO PRETO THE BLACK GOLD;-DIAMANTINO (in Matto Grosso) and DIAMANTINA (in Minas Geraes) =RICH IN DIAMONDS; SÃO LUIS SAINT LEWIS ;-SÃO PAULO SAINT PAUL; SÃO PEDRO (do Rio Grande)= SAINT PETER (on the great river).

*The settlement of BLUMENAU in Brazil was founded by the German physician, DR. BLUMENAU, of Brunswick, in 1850.

FRENCH: port-harbor, terre (terr)=land, prince (pröss)=prince;-Pierre (Piérr) = Peter, Thomé (Tomě) =Thomas;-croix (kroa)=cross:-grand (grâ)=great, basse (bass)=low; St., saint (sä)=saint, holy;—au (ō)= to the (dat).

ST. CROIX (island, and city)=HOLY CROSS;-ST. THOMÉ SAINT THOMAS.-The island of Guadeloupe is divided into GRANDE TERRE THE GREAT LAND, and BASSE TERRE THE LOWER LAND;-PORT AU PRINCE= HARBOR OF THE PRINCE;-ST. PIERRE SAINT PETER (on the island of Guadeloupe).

* Definitions of some Mexican geographical names

have been given on P. 371, JOURNAL, A. G. S.,

1887.

In the language of the natives of South America ORINOCO means a STREAM, para, hence PARANÁ=RIVER and PARAGUAY RIVER OF PARROTS; ÁRAU=free, and, therefore, ARAUCANIANS (in Chile)= THE FREE MEN;PETCHERAIS FRIENDS (so named from their addressing the strangers by the word "petcherais)."

The STAITS OF MAGELLAN, so called because discovered and first navigated by Magalhães, or MAGELLAN (Spanish), a Portuguese navigator in the Spanish service, in the first voyage round the world (1519-20).— The name of ANTILLES originated from a mythological island, ANTILLA, which the first discoverers thought to have found in the island of Hayti.--The VIRGIN ISLANDS were discovered by Columbus, in 1494, and so called by him (in honor of the "eleven thousand VIRGINS).”—The FALKLAND ISLANDS were first named after the English Lord FALKLAND, but, afterwards, Isles Malouines (by French navigators of St. Malo); hence in English MALOUINE ISLANDS.-JUAN FERNANDEZ (island) was discovered by a navigator of the same name, in 1576.CAPE HORN (Hoorn) was so called by the Dutch discover, Schouten, after his native town, the city of HOORN, in Holland; and ASPINWALL (Colon) took its name from ASPINWALL, the builder of the railway over the isthmus of Panama.

*After European cities, Cordoba (in the Argentine Republic), Granada, and Leon (in Nicaragua), Nassau (on the island of New Providence), Valencia (in Venezuela) and many others.

FOUR WEEKS IN THE WILDERNESS OF SINAI, WITH NOTES ON EGYPT.*

DR. H. CARRINGTON BOLTON.

It is to be remembered that my experience in the Peninsula of Sinai was limited to a single visit.

Arriving in Cairo February 1st, 1889, I spent the first week of this month in Cairo, the second and third on the Nile, the fourth, and the first two weeks of March, again in Cairo and vicinity. I entered the desert, March 13th, and four weeks later returned to Cairo, finally leaving Egypt on April 15th.

In the earlier weeks named, the temperature at the hotel in Cairo ranged from 60° to 65° at 8 A. M. to 75° and 78° at 3 P. M., falling to 64° and 67° in the evening. In April it was warmer, but never oppressive in the shade. On the Nile steamer greater extremes were noted; 54° at midnight (Feb. 19th) to 87° at 2.30 P. M. (Feb. 9th). The latter figure was exceptional and was regarded as oppressive, but the changes in any period of 24 hours are not commonly very great. Luxor is attaining some reputation as a health resort, on account of the equable temperature and dryness of the atmosphere. In the first three months of 1889, the average temperature out of doors at the hotel is thus given :

* A paper read by Dr. Bolton before the New York Academy of Sciences.

Authorities state that, as a result of ten years' observations, the mean temperature in the Delta and at Cairo is 58° in winter, 83° in summer, and 66° in autumn; the lowest record in the Delta is 35°, the highest about 95° in the shade. In Upper Egypt, however, the temperature rises to 109°.

The temperatures that I noted in the desert of Sinai were taken at great differences of elevation, my route extending from the sea-level to the summit of Jebel Mousa, 7,400 feet high. I copy a few records from my journal.

In Plain of Shur (perhaps 50 ft. above sea-level.)
March 13th...